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# Social 8 Chapter 2-3 Study Guide ## Key People * **Marco Polo:** Born in Venice, Italy, a Venetian merchant who traveled to Asia. * **The Medici Family:** Powerful Florentine traders from the 13th to 17th centuries. They were wealthy, supported the arts, and developed the Medici Bank. The Me...

# Social 8 Chapter 2-3 Study Guide ## Key People * **Marco Polo:** Born in Venice, Italy, a Venetian merchant who traveled to Asia. * **The Medici Family:** Powerful Florentine traders from the 13th to 17th centuries. They were wealthy, supported the arts, and developed the Medici Bank. The Medici family had three popes. They established a system of bookkeeping practices. * **Petrarch:** Born in Italy. He believed the classical era (Romans and Greeks) was superior to the medieval era, calling it the "dark ages". * **Erasmus:** Born in Rotterdam, Holland. A humanist scholar of the Northern Renaissance. * **Michelangelo:** An Italian artist who lived during the Renaissance. He was commissioned by the Medici family and the Pope for many projects, and competed with Leonardo da Vinci for commissions. * **Leonardo da Vinci:** An Italian Renaissance artist and inventor. * **Da Vinci:** An Italian who lived in the Renaissance. He is famous for his paintings and many other accomplishments. ## Key Terms * **The Silk Road:** Trade routes connecting civilizations from the Mediterranean to the Pacific Ocean. Ideas about religion, science, technology and mathematics passed along these routes. * **Crusades:** Series of religious wars organized in Europe to recapture areas in the Middle East that were under Muslim control. * **City-States:** A collection of city-states in Italy, politically independent from surrounding areas. * **Republic:** A country governed by the people or representatives chosen by the people. Venice was a notable example. * **Patron:** A person who supported and commissioned works of art. * **Doge:** The highest official of the Venetian Republic. * **Scuole:** Social institutions that focused on civic duty and religious beliefs. They organized prayer sessions, collected money for good causes, and held masses for sick and dying members.