F-Lec 3& 4-Classification of Crime Scene PDF

COURSE: MOLECULAR GENETICS AND FORENSIC SCIENCE ZOO-V-E-9 MODULE 2: BASICS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE LECTURE 3 & 4: CLASSIFICATION OF CRIME SCENE PROF.DR. NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES PROFESSOR & HEAD Department of ZOOLOGY...

COURSE: MOLECULAR GENETICS AND FORENSIC SCIENCE ZOO-V-E-9 MODULE 2: BASICS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE LECTURE 3 & 4: CLASSIFICATION OF CRIME SCENE PROF.DR. NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES PROFESSOR & HEAD Department of ZOOLOGY EMAIL: [email protected] PROGRAMME: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE ZOOLOGY SEMESTER: V COURSE CODE: ZOO-V-E-09 COURSE TITLE: MOLECULAR GENETICS AND FORENSIC SCIENCE MODULE 2 :BASICS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology Agenda 2.1: Definition, overview of Disciplines of Forensic science 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management: 2.3: Forms of forensic evidences: PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology LEARNING OUTCOME Upon completion of this E-Learning Content students should be able to: 1) Understand the Branches of forensic science 2) Explain the application of Genetic techniques in Forensic Science PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes  The field of crime scene processing is extremely demanding and ever changing.  focuses on the examination of evidence collected at a crime scene.  Investigators and crime scene specialists are responsible for identifying, securing, documenting and preserving biological evidence Types of recovered from a crime scene. crime scenes  Legal considerations include scrutiny of procedures used at crime scenes and chain of custody.  The investigator must also know when and how to make decisions to obtain written consent or a search warrant to assure that the evidence will be admissible in court and not subject to a motion to suppress. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Classification of Crime  Based on Motive  Location of the crime scene evidence Homicide, Primary Robbery /burglary, sexual assault Secondary Terror Attack  Geographical Area:  Mode of Committing crime:  Macroscopic Organised  Microscopic Dis/Unorganised  Physical location:  Criminal behavior associated with  Indoor scene  Outdoor Passive  Vehicle Active PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Classification of Crime based on: 1) Location of the crime scene evidence Primary Secondary PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Based on the Location of the crime scene evidence: 1. Primary Crime Scene  The crime scene where the actual crime occurred or where more usable pieces of evidence were found is known as the primary crime scene.  Contains the most direct evidence related to the crime, such as weapons, body fluids, or footprints.  For example, A murder scene, theft, assault, etc.  A murder committed in a victim’s home.  A robbery occurring at a bank. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Based on the Location of the crime scene evidence: 2. Secondary Crime Scene  The crime scene which is some or another way related to the crime but is not a place where the actual crime is committed is known as a secondary crime scene.  It is very important because it may provide a strong link between the suspect and the victim.  Eg: In a murder case where murder is done at one place and the body is dumped in a different place. In this case, the secondary crime scene (where the body is dumped) can provide more information in terms of evidence like cloth, fiber, hair, weapon, etc. of the suspect. This will help to trace the primary crime scene.  Eg2: The suspect’s house where stolen goods are stored.  Eg.3: A car used to transport a victim. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Classification of Crime based on: 2) Geographical Area:  Macroscopic  Microscopic PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Crime scenes may also be classified according to size a) Macroscopic Comprised of many crime scenes Gunshot an victim’s body dumped in field Eg: 1 An entire house where multiple rooms are involved in a crime Eg.2: A park where a body is found along with evidence scattered over a large area PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Crime scenes may also be classified according to size b) Microscopic Trace evidence found on the body, gunshot residue, or tire tread marks. Critical for analyzing specific evidence that can provide insights into the nature and details of the crime Eg 1: Blood spatter patterns on a wall. Eg.2: Fibers or hair on a piece of furniture PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Classification of Crime based on: 3) Based on the geographical location of the crime scene:  Outdoor crime scene  Indoor Crime Scene  Mobile/ Conveyance Crime Scene PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Based on the geographical location of the crime scene:  Outdoor crime scene  Indoor Crime Scene  Mobile/ Conveyance Crime Scene 1. Outdoor crime scene  A crime that is committed in an open and wide area like a field, park, road, playground, etc. is known as an outdoor crime scene.  An outdoor crime scene is more vulnerable to loss or contamination of evidence by sunlight, air, or extreme weather.  Thus, outdoor crime demands professional handling of evidence and documentation by the first responding office or a forensic expert.  Eg 1: A body found in a field. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Characteristics of outdoor crime scene  1. Evidence found at an outdoor crime scene is more vulnerable to loss, contamination, and deleterious change of physical evidence in a relatively short period of time  2. It requires larger investigating teams depending upon the size of the crime scene. Individuals with access to the scene can potentially alter, destroy or contaminate evidence.  3. It is more prone to a damage of evidence by climatic conditions. Destruction or deterioration of evidence due to environmental conditions such as heat, cold, rain, snow and wind are problems associated with outdoor scenes.  4. More eye witnesses can be found in outdoor crime scenes which can help to solve the case more quickly.  5. Grid or strip search method provides a better result to find evidence at an outdoor crime scene. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes 2) INDOOR CRIME SCENE  A crime that is committed in an enclosed and small area like a room, hall, corridor, kitchen, etc. is known as an indoor crime scene.  An indoor crime scene is less vulnerable to loss or contamination of evidence by whether condition as it occurred in an enclosed area.  Timely cordoning of the entry/exit gates of the place like doors and windows help to collect evidence easily and fast resolution of the case can be done.  Eg 1: A murder in an apartment.  Eg 2: A burglary in a store. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Characteristics of Indoor Crime Scene  1. Evidence found in an indoor crime scene is less susceptible to loss, contamination and deleterious change.  2. It requires a small team of IOs/ Forensic experts as the area of an indoor crime scene is generally small.  3. It is less prone to damages of evidence through climatic conditions or destruction as it is easier to secure and protect, by confining the area.  4. Less or no eye witness can be found in an indoor crime scene as their areas are generally closed and protected.  5. Spiral, circular, and zone search methods provide better results to find evidence at an indoor crime scene. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes 3. Mobile/ Conveyance Crime Scene  Conveyance is a means of transportation. Types of crimes committed in conveyances include the following:  Types of crimes committed in conveyances include the following:  Vehicle, Train/Bus, Lift, Flight.  May include Vehicle burglary, Car theft  Physical evidence recovered from these scenes may extend well beyond the conveyance. Can provide crucial evidence like fingerprints, DNA, and trace evidence linking suspects to the crime  A conveyance, such as a vehicle, may be transported to the laboratory after proper documentation has been completed.  Eg 1: A car used in a hit-and-run.  Eg.2 : A van where a kidnapping victim was held. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Classification of Crime based on: 3) Based on Mode of Crime a) Violent Crimes b) Property Crimes c) Cyber Crimes d) Drug-Related Crimes PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes BASED ON MODE OF CRIME a) Violent Crimes – Includes Murder, assault. i)Homicide Crime Scenes: Eg: A residential home where a murder has occurred. ii) Sexual Assault Crime Scenes: Eg: A location where a sexual assault has taken place, such as an. iii) Domestic Violence Crime Scenes: Eg:A home where physical abuse or a violent altercation has PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes BASED ON MODE OF CRIME a) Violent Crimes – Includes Murder, assault. i)Homicide Crime Scenes: Eg: A residential home where a murder has occurred.  Challenges: documentation and collection of evidence, such as blood, fingerprints, and weapons, and determining the sequence of events leading to the crime.. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes BASED ON MODE OF CRIME a) Violent Crimes – Includes Murder, assault. ii) Sexual Assault Crime Scenes: Eg: A location where a sexual assault has taken place, such as an apartment or secluded outdoor area.  Challenges: Sensitive handling of evidence to preserve DNA and other biological materials, and providing a thorough examination while respecting the victim's privacy and trauma. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes BASED ON MODE OF CRIME a) Violent Crimes – Includes Murder, assault. iii) Domestic Violence Crime Scenes: Eg:A home where physical abuse or a violent altercation has occurred.  Challenges: Collecting evidence such as injuries, weapons, and documenting the scene while dealing with potentially ongoing danger or volatile situations. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Based on Mode of Crime b) Property Crimes (Burglary, arson).  Characteristics: Evidence includes broken entry points, stolen items, and incendiary devices. (i) Burglary and Theft Crime Scenes: ii) Arson Crime Scenes: PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Based on Mode of Crime b) Property Crimes (Burglary, arson).  Characteristics: Evidence includes broken entry points, stolen items, and incendiary devices. i) Burglary and Theft Crime Scenes:  Example: A convenience store or bank where a robbery has occurred.  Challenges: Identification and collection of fingerprints, surveillance footage, and any tools or weapons used by the perpetrator.. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Based on Mode of Crime b) Property Crimes (Burglary, arson).  Characteristics: Evidence includes broken entry points, stolen items, and incendiary devices. ii) Arson Crime Scenes:  Example: A building or vehicle that has been intentionally set on fire.  Challenges: Determining the origin and cause of the fire, identifying accelerants, and collecting evidence that may have been damaged or destroyed by the fire. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Based on Mode of Crime c) Cyber Crimes  Example: Hacking, identity theft. A computer or smartphone used in cybercrime, such as hacking or online fraud.  Characteristics: Digital evidence, electronic devices, internet logs.  Challenges: Requires specialized skills to recover and analyze digital data, preserve the integrity of electronic evidence, and follow proper procedures to maintain the chain of custody. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology 2.2: Crime and Crime Scene management a) Types of crime scenes Based on Mode of Crime d) Drug-Related Crimes  Example: Drug trafficking, clandestine drug labs.  Characteristics: Controlled substances, paraphernalia, financial records indicating transactions.  Challenges: Handling hazardous chemicals safely, tracing drug distribution networks, and documenting financial and transactional records related to drug activities. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology  Importance of Crime Scene Types in Investigation  Comprehensive Understanding: Identifying different types of crime scenes helps in developing a holistic view of the crime.  Evidence Collection Strategy: Different crime scenes require different approaches for evidence collection and preservation.  Linking Evidence: Helps in connecting pieces of evidence from various locations to build a strong case.  Reconstructing Events: Understanding the types of crime scenes aids in reconstructing the sequence of events and movements of suspects and victims. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology Summary The classification of crime scenes into different types is crucial for forensic investigations. It ensures that investigators approach each scene with the appropriate techniques and focus, ultimately aiding in the collection of robust and reliable evidence. By understanding and leveraging the unique aspects of each type of crime scene, investigators can piece together the puzzle of criminal activities more effectively. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology  References 1. Fisher, B. A. J., & Fisher, D. R. (2012). Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation (8th ed.). CRC Press. 2. Pepper, I. K. (2010). Crime Scene Investigation: Methods and Procedures (2nd ed.). Open University Press. 3. Saferstein, R. (2014). Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science (11th ed.). Pearson. 4. Gardner, R. M., & Bevel, T. (2009). Practical Crime Scene Analysis and Reconstruction. CRC Press. PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology  Thank you… PROF.DR. NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES PROFESSOR & HEAD Department of ZOOLOGY EMAIL: [email protected] PROF.DR.NANDINI VAZ FERNANDES Professor Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science Department of Zoology