Exercise Questions and Answers PDF

Revision Time: Morality defines a set of beliefs dictated by society, culture, or tradition, such as being truthful and loyal. Ethics defines the principles that decide what is good and what is bad e.g., is it right to speak the truth even if it threatens someone’s life? AI Ethics principles help u...

Revision Time: Morality defines a set of beliefs dictated by society, culture, or tradition, such as being truthful and loyal. Ethics defines the principles that decide what is good and what is bad e.g., is it right to speak the truth even if it threatens someone’s life? AI Ethics principles help us guide to create better and safer AI solutions. QUESTIONS: 1. The guiding principles to decide what is good or bad is known as _________. Ans: Ethics 2. When building AI solutions, we need to ensure that they follow _________. Ans: Ethical Guideline 3. Praneet has taken extra packets of mouth freshener after dinner from a restaurant. Is it considered as theft?” Is it a moral or Ethical concern? Ans: Praneet taking extra packets of mouth freshener from a restaurant is more of a moral concern than an ethical one. Morals are personal principles of right and wrong based on individual values and societal norms. In this case, whether taking extra mouth fresheners is considered acceptable or wrong can vary based on personal beliefs, the restaurant's policy, or social expectations. However, it could also be an ethical concern if the restaurant explicitly states limits on taking extra items, making it a question of fairness or respect for rules. 4. Rakshit and Aman are talking about purchasing a new mobile. They discuss various features which they want in their mobile. Aman finds that, he started getting notification of various models of Mobiles that meets his requirement. Write which ethical concern the above example depicts. Ans: Aman starts receiving notifications about mobile models that meet his discussed preferences depicts an ethical concern related to privacy and data collection.When Aman starts receiving notifications about mobile models that match his requirements, it suggests that their conversation or search activities were monitored and used to target him with advertisements. This raises issues about how personal data is collected, used, and shared without explicit consent, potentially violating privacy rights. 5. “Preference for one over the other” is known as _bias. 6. Artificial Intelligence and machine learning systems can display unfair behaviour if not trained properly. (True/False) Ans: True 7. Search for images of personal secretary on Google, displaying predominantly images of Women is an example of ____gender bias______. 8. An Ethical AI framework makes sure that transparency, fairness and accountability is develop into the systems to provide unbiased results. (True/False) Ans: True Answer the following: 1. Differentiate between Ethics and Moral with suitable examples.  Ethics: A system of principles that governs behavior in a societal, professional, or group context. Ethics are often formalized rules or codes.  Morals: Personal principles that define an individual’s sense of right and wrong, usually shaped by culture, religion, and personal experiences. EXAMPLES Ethical: A manager may have to fire a friend due to company policy violations, even though they have a close personal relationship. Moral: Someone may face a conflict when they feel compelled to lie to protect a friend’s feelings, despite believing lying is morally wrong.  Ethical Concern: A lawyer must maintain client confidentiality as part of professional ethics, even if they morally feel they should disclose information to prevent harm to others.  Moral Concern: The lawyer might personally believe that revealing the truth in some cases is more important than keeping a secret, leading to an internal moral conflict.2. Define principles of AI. 2. Define principles of AI. The following principles in AI Ethics affect the quality of AI solutions ▪ Human Rights ▪ Bias ▪ Privacy ▪ Inclusion HUMAN RIGHTS Human rights are thought of as the most fundamental rights every person on earth can have. These rights are said to cover the basic necessities of human existence.When building AI solutions, we need to ensure that they follow human rights. BIAS: Bias (partiality or preference for one over the other) often comes from the collected data. The bias in training data also appears in the results. PRIVACY: We need to have rules which keep our individual and private data safe. INCLUSION: AI MUST NOT discriminate against a particular group of population, causing them any kind of disadvantage. 3. Explain Data privacy. Ans: Data privacy refers to the protection and proper handling of personal or sensitive data, ensuring that individuals have control over how their information is collected, used, shared, and stored. 4. Craft a description of how considerations for inclusivity are addressed during the development of AI models. When developing AI models, inclusivity means making sure the system works well for everyone, regardless of their background, race, gender, abilities, or experiences. Addressing inclusivity during AI development involves a few important steps to ensure the technology is fair and accessible to all users. 1. Diverse and Fair Data  AI models learn from the data they are trained on. To ensure inclusivity, developers must use a diverse dataset that includes different types of people from various backgrounds. This reduces the chance of the AI being biased toward certain groups. 2. Detecting and Reducing Bias  AI can learn and repeat biases from the data it’s trained on. Developers use techniques to find and fix bias in AI models so that they treat all groups fairly. 3. Making AI Transparent  Transparency means explaining how an AI model makes decisions. This helps people understand why the AI acted in a certain way, making the system more trustworthy and fairer. 4. Continuous Improvement  Inclusivity doesn't stop when the AI is released. Developers continue to monitor the AI to ensure it remains fair and inclusive, especially as new users interact with the system. 5. Ethical Guidelines  Following ethical guidelines ensures that inclusivity is part of AI development. These guidelines focus on fairness, accountability, and preventing discrimination. 5. Write Major Issues around AI Ethics. Major AI Ethics are 1. Bias and Discrimination  What is it? AI systems can develop biases based on the data they are trained on. If the data is biased, the AI can make unfair decisions, leading to discrimination. 2. Privacy and Data Security  What is it? AI systems often rely on large amounts of personal data, such as location, browsing history, or even private conversations. This raises concerns about privacy and data security. 3. Job Loss and Unemployment  What is it? AI and automation are replacing human jobs in many sectors, such as manufacturing, customer service, and transportation. This could lead to widespread unemployment. 6. A company had been working on a secret AI recruiting tool. The machine-learning specialists uncovered a big problem: their new recruiting engine did not like women chefs. The system taught itself that male candidates are preferable. It penalised resumes that included the word “women chef". This led to the failure of the tool. a. What aspect of AI ethics is illustrated in the given scenario? Answer: The scenario illustrates algorithmic bias in AI ethics. Specifically: 1. Bias in Data: The AI system learned from biased training data, reflecting gender biases in hiring. 2. Discrimination: The tool unfairly penalized women by associating "women chef" negatively. 3. Lack of Fairness: The AI failed to treat candidates equitably, leading to gender-based discrimination. b. What could be the possible reasons for the ethical concern identified? Answer: The possible reasons for the ethical concern of bias in AI in the scenario include: 1. Biased Training Data: Historical data reflected gender biases favoring men. 2. Data Imbalance: More male than female chef resumes in the dataset. 3. Historical/Social Bias: Training data captured societal biases against women in the profession. 4. Misinterpretation of Features: The algorithm wrongly penalized the term "women chef." 5. Lack of Ethical Oversight: Insufficient bias testing and ethical reviews during development. 7. As Artificially Intelligent machines become more and more powerful, their ability to accomplish tedious tasks is becoming better. Hence, it is now that AI machines have started replacing humans in factories. While people see it in a negative way and say AI has the power to bring mass unemployment and one day, machines would enslave humans, on the other hand, other people say that machines are meant to ease our lives. If machines overtake monotonous and tedious tasks, humans should upgrade their skills to remain their master’s always. What according to you is a better approach towards this ethical concern? Justify your answer. Answer: A balanced approach addresses the ethical concern of AI replacing humans in factories. Reskilling and upskilling the workforce should be prioritized, allowing humans to focus on more creative and complex tasks while machines handle repetitive work. This helps reduce the fear of mass unemployment and ensures humans remain in control of AI developments. Implementing social policies creates a society where technology complements human capabilities rather than threatens them.