Exam Questions for Task 4 - Methods (PDF)

Exam questions for task 4 - Methods The first 4 questions are not created by me - they are from an old exam. 1. Assume we want to study the effects of prolonged malnutrition on the brains of lab animals. Which method is usable? a. fMRI, this can be used to study activity in the most inne...

Exam questions for task 4 - Methods The first 4 questions are not created by me - they are from an old exam. 1. Assume we want to study the effects of prolonged malnutrition on the brains of lab animals. Which method is usable? a. fMRI, this can be used to study activity in the most inner structures of the brain. b. EEG, this can be used to study the activity in the most inner structures of the brain. c. EOG, this can be used to study activity in the most inner structures of the brain. 2. In a study, a healthy participant has to respond very often to the letter X. On rare occasions, the letter O is presented and the participant has to withhold her response. When you are interested in millisecond-accurate timing of the brain response after an unexpected event/stimulus, which method is best and why? (Choose ALL correct responses): a. fMRI b. ERP c. EcoG d. … because it has high temporal resolution e. … because it has high spatial resolution f. … because it is stimulus (or event) driven 3. Look at the results below. These results are from an article on multi-modal perception, where a combination of listening to words and seeing written words leads to this brain activity. In case you cannot read the text: on the x-axis of the graphs it says 'Time (ms)'. Which TWO research methods were combined to get these results? 3. SCR (or GSR) a) EEG b) SPECT c) ERP d) X-ray e) PET f) (f)MRI 4. Put the following methods in the right order, in such a way that the list begins with the lowest (poorest) spatial resolution, and ends with the highest (finest) spatial resolution: Brain damage, PET, MRI, patch-clamp. 5. One of the disadvantages of experimentally-created lesions is that apart from the neurons whose bodies reside at the targeted area, the tracts that pass through it are also destroyed. Which lesioning method overcomes this disadvantage? a. Excitotoxic lesions. b. Radio frequency lesions. c. Knife cuts. 6. In aspiration lesions, which part of the brain is targeted? a. The subcortical white matter. b. The cortical tissue. c. Both a and b. 7. Which of the following methods produces a reversible brain lesion? a. Injecting a GABA-agonist in a brain region in order to deactivate it. b. Injecting an excitatory amino acid through a cannula, that overstimulates neurons in a region to death. Body and Behavior Page 1  b. Injecting an excitatory amino acid through a cannula, that overstimulates neurons in a region to death. c. Creating a sham lesion. 8. The bregma is: a. The junction between the frontal and parietal lobe. b. The junction between the sagittal and coronal skull sutures. c. A part of the equipment necessary to perform stereotaxic surgery. 9. Computerized tomography (CT) is not: a. An X-ray procedure. b. A functional imaging procedure. c. A procedure that produces 3D images. 10. Compared to MRI, CT: a. Has better spatial resolution. b. Is quicker and cheaper. c. Has better temporal resolution. 11. Cerebral angiography is used to: a. Visualize the neuronal tracts in a living human brain. b. Localize vascular damage and tumors. c. Measure brain activity in real time. 12. Diffusion tensor/weighted imaging (DTI/DWI) is a modification of _____ that _____. a. MRI; allows the visualization of small bundles of fibers in the brain. b. CT; allows the visualization of blood vessels in the brain. c. PET; allows the visualization of small bundles of fibers in the brain. 13. Which of the following methods has the best temporal resolution? a. f(MRI) b. EEG c. Patch-clamp recording 14. Multiple-unit recording … a. Uses macroelectrodes. b. Can record the activity of a single neuron. c. Is a structural method. 15. EEG has _____ temporal resolution and _____ spatial resolution. a. Good; good b. Good; poor c. poor; good 16. Event-related potentials (ERPs) … a. Have high temporal resolution. b. Are aggregated EEG recordings of brain activity after the presentation of a stimulus. c. Both a and b are true. 17. Which of the following is not true about magnetoencephalography (MEG)? a. Uses superconducting detectors to detect magnetic fields created by action potentials. b. Have better spatial and temporal resolution than EEG. c. Can record neural activity coming from structures deep below the cortex. 18. Which of the following is not true about PET? a. It has lower spatial and temporal resolution than fMRI. b. It needs to be combined with another method to map the recorded activity to the correct brain parts. c. It is less invasive than fMRI. 19. Which of the following rows contains only functional imaging methods? a. EEG, PET, MRI, MEG b. fMRI, PET, MEG, TMS c. PET, MEG, EEG, fMRI 20. Which method is displayed in the following picture? Body and Behavior Page 2  20. Which method is displayed in the following picture? a) Transcranial magnetic stimulation b) Magnetoencephalography c) Electrocorticography 21. Which of the following methods is the most invasive? a. EEG b. PET c. Optogenetic methods, which exploit the presence of photosensitive proteins. 22. Which of the following methods can be used to measure electrodermal activity? a. Electrooculography. b. Skin conductance response. c. Electrocorticography. 23. The tracing of neural connections in the direction synapse-soma is called _____ tracing. The opposite tracing of neural connections (soma- synapse) is called _____ tracing. a. Anterograde; retrograde b. Retrograde; anterograde 24. Electrocorticography … a. Is an invasive version of EEG. b. Detects eye movements. c. Has lower spatial resolution than EEG. Answers: 1. A 2. B, D, F 3. D, G 4. Brain damage, PET, MRI, patch-clamp. 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. B 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. C 18. C 19. C 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. B 24. A Body and Behavior Page 3