Exam 5 - Final New Content (PDF)
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University of the Pacific
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This document covers Ch.24 Fungus, discussing various aspects of fungal diseases, including superficial and deep mycoses, local and systemic infections, and treatment options. It also includes information on Cryptococcal meningitis, aspergillosis, and protozoa with examples such as Leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, African sleeping sickness, malaria, Giardiasis and Cryptosporidium.
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________________________________Ch.24 Fungus_________________________________ isease D Organism/species names Drug Fungi - Fungi = euk - Filamentous = branching hyphae, multinucleate, forming mycelium - Yeast = ovoid, spherical single cells, budding/division reproduction Fung...
________________________________Ch.24 Fungus_________________________________ isease D Organism/species names Drug Fungi - Fungi = euk - Filamentous = branching hyphae, multinucleate, forming mycelium - Yeast = ovoid, spherical single cells, budding/division reproduction Fungal disease - - - uperficial mycoses = localized wound infection (skin) S Deep mycoses = systemic infection (deeper in body) *severity driven by host immune sys ocal fungal L infection - - - ingworm= skin fungus growing from central point R Athlete’s foot(=tinea pedis) = spread b/c of moisture Thrush= throat, vaginal yeast infection (candidasin throat = thrush) - Treatment : systemic drug - Candida albicans= localized and systemic infection - Candida aureus= gold color, highly drug resistant,systemic infection Tinea - ystemic fungal S infection - - reatment for T fungal infection - - - Fewer drug b/c - Close to humans on phylogenetic tree - Drug stop fungus from growing →immune sys clean uprest - Patients immunocompromised = drug needs to be more effective Ergosterol = fungal membrane - Human mem = cholesterol - Target for medication Amphotericin B= bind to ergosterol Azole= interfere w/ ergosterol synthesis - - - - - ingle celled S Intracellular and extracellular Systemic infection Immune evasion Introduction by arthropod vector (mosquito → malaria) - Protozoa Cryptococcal meningitis= fungal meningitis - Pass BBB → meningitis fluid infection - Capsule = virulence factor Aspergillosis - Farm workers + black mold - Spores get deep in lungs Insect borne protozoa - Gastroenteric (drink contaminated water → amoeba infection) - Toxoplasmosis = through oral intake - Amoebatarget brain, liver, bloodstream, intestinaltract - Treatment:Metronidazole - - eishmaniaLeishmaniasis→ sand fly L Trypanosoma - Chagas disease→ reduviid bug - African sleeping sickness- tsetse fly - Antigenic variation o → episodic(=up and down diseasestate) - Treatment:Pentamidine PlasmodiumMalaria→ Anopheles mosquito - Treamtnet:Quinine - Ingestion of cyst - - - - - Treatment - - - - - Helminths - - - - yst = dormant protozoa, similar to endospore but less resistance C Eatcyst→ to stomach acid →trophozoite(active,moving form that attack tissue + enter bloodstream) Risk factors: - Enter CNS - Dysentery= bloody diarrhea caused by disrupted bowelstructure Systemic disease - Toxoplasma gondiiToxoplasma GI disease - Amoebas - GiardiaGiardiasis(diarrheal disease) - Cryptosporidium - In water supply many drug option b/c closely related by phylogenetic tree X Metronidazole= treat amoeba and anaerobic bac. - Lots of side effects Pentamidine= treat Trypanosoma Quinine= treat malaria - Tonic water o quinine - From natural product (bark of tree) NTD = neglected tropical disease lood flukes =schistosomes B Flatworm =tapeworm Roundworm =filarialworms Transmission - Eat food contaminated w/ feces → ingest egg/cyst - Eat tissue of intermediate host → ingest larvae - Active skin penetration → larvae invade skin - Schistosomiasis - - - - - - - Tapeworm - - - - oundworm R Nematode - - - blood fluke = burrow in skin = Affect 300~600 million ppl Intermediate host = snail - Egg in feces/urine → water supply → snail (intermediate host) → form cercariae (float in water/burrow in skin) 3 species (target diff body sites) - Schistosomiasis japonicum= small intestine - Schistosomiasis mansoni= colon - Schistosomiasis haematobium- urinary tract X severe disease state Other fluke infection = lung, liver Few drug treatment (*b/c it’s NTD) - Praziquantel food borne (undercooked pork/beef) Adult form = intestinal tract Larval form - Intermediate host - disseminated tissue - cyst in brain+organ - varies by species Tapeworm attach to intestinal wall → make hole in intestine → eat you slowly → reproduce by dropping little debris in poop - - ery diverse V Protective cuticle Plant parasitic - Nematode in broccoli = x harmful Free living bacteriovorus Pathogenic nematode - Person to person - Arthropod vector - Zoonotic Elephantitis= biting insects andbrugia malayi Onchocerciasis= eye onchocerca nematodei - - - urgia malayi= nematode B Wolbachia= endosymbiont (beneficial symbiont) fornematode Tetracycline= target wolbachia - - idespread W Many associations - - rthropods A vector of Insect bites disease - - - - ransmits many diseases T Plants, animals, humans Control insects → control disease Arthropod vector borne disease in bacteria (plaque), protozoa (malaria), nematode BUT NO FUNGAL DISEASE ________________________________Ch.25 Viral Pathogen___________________________
