Ergogenic Aids - Exam Notes PDF

KINESIOLO GY Ergogenic Aids KINESIOLO Ergogenic Aids GY -Basic definition Substances/techniques/practices that ↑performance Examples? Pep talk! Training Sports nutrition Equipment/clothing (swim suits) BELIEF!!...

KINESIOLO GY Ergogenic Aids KINESIOLO Ergogenic Aids GY -Basic definition Substances/techniques/practices that ↑performance Examples? Pep talk! Training Sports nutrition Equipment/clothing (swim suits) BELIEF!! Myths/marketing (sports suppl’s) Classics Anabolic steroids HGH Myostatin  Blood doping KINESIOLO Ergogenic Aids GY -Anabolic steroids Synthetic derivatives of testosterone Precursors = DHEA, androstenedione Mechanism ↑rate of bone maturation Loading… ↑rate of development of muscle mass KINESIOLO Ergogenic Aids GY -Anabolic steroids Synthetic derivatives of testosterone Precursors = DHEA, androstenedione Mechanism ↑rate of bone maturation ↑rate of development of muscle mass KINESIOLO Ergogenic Aids GY -Anabolic steroids Synthetic derivatives of testosterone Precursors = DHEA, androstenedione Mechanism ↑rate of bone maturation Loading… ↑rate of development of muscle mass Effects ↑FFM, strength, power, muscular endurance Endurance performance? the bigger the take the response more you , KINESIOLO Ergogenic Aids GY -Anabolic steroids: Risks Premature cessation of bone growth Liver damage Cardiac myopathies Arrhythmia (SCD), heart failure ↓HDL cholesterol “Roid rage” Male pattern baldness, acne ↓gonadotropic hormones Men: testicular atrophy, breast enlargement, prostate enlargement Women: menstrual dysfunction, mascularization,  clitoral enlargement KINESIOLO Ergogenic Aids GY -Anabolic steroids: types THG “the clear”: tetrahydrogestrinone gestrinone + trenbolone designed to make it undetectable under normal drug testing 15x greater affinity than testosterone for the androgen receptor Myostatin blockers Within TGF-beta family produced in muscle tissue Acts as “break” on muscle growth and differentiation ↓Break = ↑GAINZZZZZ KINESIOLO Ergogenic Aids GY -Anabolic steroids: types Human Growth Hormone Mechanism Stimulates protein synthesis, bone growth, lipolysis Effects ↑protein synthesis, bone density, FFM Strength increases not routinely shown Risks Acromegaly Bone, soft tissue thickening Cardiomyopathy Diabetes (↑blood glucose) / hypertension KINESIOLO Ergogenic Aids GY -Blood doping ↑O2 carrying capacity by ↑hematocrit (hct) Method Remove 900+ mL blood, wait 6 wks, transfusion (add back 900 mL) Or use someone else’s Effects ↑VO2max & time to exhaustion ↑running speed ~8-10 sec/mi ↑↑improvements within 24 hrs of infusion Risks blood-borne diseases increases blood viscosity allergic rxns & - - ↑Hct too high (>60%) – mid to high 50s is  ideal KINESIOLO Ergogenic Aids GY -Erythropoietin (EPO) Renal hormone stimulates RBC production Mechanism ↑erythrocytes and O2 carrying capacity Effects ↑Hct, Hb, VO2max, time to exhaustion Risks Unpredictable Muscle soreness & damage ↑blood viscosity & hypertension Thrombosis & pulmonary embolism KINESIOLO Ergogenic Aids GY -Beta blockers Mechanism Block catecholamine action at β-receptors ↓HR, ↓Cardiac output Dilation of smooth muscle Proposed benefit Loading… ↓anxiety & tremor ↓HR at rest ~7-10bpm Effects Improved shooting scores ↓O2 uptake, blood flow, HR, BP, CO Risks Bronchospasm (asthmatics)  Dizziness, fatigue KINESIOLO Ergogenic Aids GY -Amphetamines Synthetic catecholamine Proposed effects Stimulate weight loss ↑arousal ↑energy/motivation Effects Very mixed data; effect on performance is poorly qualified ↓fatigue; ↑BP & HR ??↑strength, power, time to exhaustion?? Risks ↑risk of cardiac arrhythmias & hypertension  ↑risk of seizures KINESIOLO Ergogenic Aids GY -Caffeine CNS stimulant similar to amphetamines Proposed benefit Improve alertness, reaction times, fatigability Effects are variable (dose-related) ↑alertness, concentration, mood ↑catecholamine release ↑fat mobilization, utilization (unless consumed with… sugar) Risks Anxiety and tremors Diuretic action