GE 2000 Exam 1 Review Sheet PDF

GE 2000 Review Sheet- Exam 1 Minerals - Know the characteristics that fulfill the definition of a mineral - Know the definitions of the common physical properties used for identifying minerals - Know the relative abundance of major elements in Earth’s crust and how it relates to min...

GE 2000 Review Sheet- Exam 1 Minerals - Know the characteristics that fulfill the definition of a mineral - Know the definitions of the common physical properties used for identifying minerals - Know the relative abundance of major elements in Earth’s crust and how it relates to minerals - Know the composition of the major mineral groups Rocks - What is meant by the rock cycle? - Igneous rocks - magma vs. lava; intrusive vs. extrusive, plutonic vs. volcanic - what is the source for magma; what are the mechanisms that trigger rock to melt at depth? - what are the different magma types and how do they compare in composition? - what are the different processes that can affect a magma’s final composition (partial melting, assimilation, etc.) - know the major points of Bowen’s Reaction Series - know how igneous rocks are classified - Sedimentary rocks - know the different processes involved in physical and chemical weathering - What are the major clastic sedimentary rocks? How are they classified? - What are the major chemical sedimentary rocks? How do they form? - know the sedimentary environments where particular sedimentary rocks are found - Metamorphic rocks - know what causes rocks to metamorphose - know the different things that can happen to a rock when it undergoes metamorphism (i.e. change in texture, change in minerals) - know how metamorphic rocks are classified - know what foliation is - know what is meant by metamorphic grade - know the different types of metamorphism (i.e. contact, regional, etc.) Plate Tectonics - core vs. mantle vs. crust (dimensions, properties, and composition) - lithosphere vs. asthenosphere vs. continental crust vs. oceanic crust (dimensions, properties, and composition) - know the concepts of the continental drift hypothesis - know the concepts involved in seafloor spreading - know the characteristics of the three major plate boundaries: convergent, divergent, and transform  - know the characteristics of hot spots and rift systems - know how paleomagnetism and polar wander curves have contributed to the theory of plate tectonics Terms to know: Minerals: mineral, streak, hardness, luster, cleavage Plate Tectonics: lithosphere, aesthonosphere, mantle, collision, continental crust, continental drift, continental rift, continental volcanic arc, convergent boundary, divergent boundary, hot spot/mantle plume, island arc, marine magnetic anomalies, mid-ocean ridge, oceanic crust, normal and reversed polarity, paleomagnetism, plate tectonics, ridge-push force, rifting, slab-pull force, seafloor spreading, subduction , transform boundary/faults, trench, volcanic arc Rocks: alluvial fan, intermediate, assimilation, mafic, bedding, metamorphism, cementation, chemical sedimentary rocks, chemical weathering, clastic, contact metamorphism, crystalline rock, crystal settling, cross-bedding, felsic, delta, dike, dissolution, dynamic metamorphism, extrusive/volcanic rocks, floodplain, foliation, fractional crystallization, hydrolysis, ice/frost wedging, igneous rock, intrusive/plutonic rock, lagoon, lava, lithification, magma, mechanical weathering, metamorphic grade, partial melting, peridotite/ultramafic, physical weathering, regional metamorphism, rock cycle, roundness, sedimentary environment, sedimentary rock types, sill, sorting, source rock, weathering, continuous series/discontinuous series, schistosity, gneissic banding, slatey cleavage, granoblastic, index mineral, recrystallization, neocrystallization, metamorphic aureole