Evolution Test Checklist PDF

Evolution test checklist variation explain variation Variation: Difference in traits in individuals which belong to the same species. Variations in traits are necessary for a population to evolve....

Evolution test checklist variation explain variation Variation: Difference in traits in individuals which belong to the same species. Variations in traits are necessary for a population to evolve. ○ Understanding how variations are produced and passed on is the first step in understanding evolution. summarise the difference between Acquired traits: Acquired traits are features gained during an individual’s lifetime (loss genetic and acquired traits of limb, tattoo) Genetic traits: a feature that is passed down by genes from one generation to the next. Genetic traits are pre-determined by genes in an individual's DNA. This is why they are inherited from the individual's parents through reproduction. ○ Examples: eye colour, dimples and height. explain how variation can result Genes: from genes and the environment ○ DNA mutation (swapping of the DNA sequence → bases) Mutations Any random change in genetic code when passing down from generation to generation. These changes in genetic information can produce new variations in traits. They may be harmful, beneficial, or have no impact on the organism's survival. New mutations arise in each generation through reproduction. ○ Genetic traits passed down through parents Environment ○ Mainly physical features ○ Sun (changes skin tone) Genetic variability Limited diversity in the genetic makeup of a population. Low genetic variation have consequences for a population’s ability to survive as they are more vulnerable to disease, and environmental changes as the fitness of the population has less genetic material available for natural selection to act upon. evolution explain what evolution is Evolution is any change in the genetic traits in a population (the individuals in a population need to belong to the same species, but they also need to live in the same area so that they can interact and breed with each other) over many generations The definition of evolution doesn't refer to changes in a whole species. Instead, it refers to populations. ○ For example, a population of beetles might begin with very little variation in colour. Colour is a genetic trait because it can be passed onto offspring through genes. ○ In each generation, random genetic mutations occur (these can produce new variations in colour). Over many generations, red beetles might become more common. This is a change in the genetic traits in a population over many  generations (case of evolution). Explain the importance of variation Genetic variation is needed for a population to evolve. for evolution For this change to occur, the population must have a variety of traits. Genetic traits that aid survival gradually become more common. The amount of genetic variation in a population is its genetic diversity. Genetic diversity helps a species survive when its environment changes. In a population with low genetic diversity, even small changes can lead to a disaster. Describe the three key elements - genetic variation within a population needed for evolution by natural - natural selection of traits that help individuals survive and reproduce selection - reproduce to produce a new generation in which the successful traits are more common Explain why some traits become Some traits that give species an advantage as they are more likely to survive and reproduce. more common in a population over These individuals then pass the adaptive traits on to their offspring. Over time, these time advantageous traits become more common in the population as the weaker traits die out. nature selection define natural selection Natural Selection - The survival of organisms that are better adapted to their environment. More specifically, natural selection is the process by which a selection pressure acts on a population and results in some organisms having a greater chance of survival and producing more offspring than others. Explain the process of natural VESRG: Very Excited Snails Race Grandmas selection (5 steps: variation, selection pressure (environment), 1. Variation must exist survival, reproduction/inheritance 2. Environment: selection pressure and generation). 3. Survival (Some individuals have traits that make them better able to survive (longer)) 4. Reproduce / Inheritance 5. Generation: the next generation will have the more favourable traits If environmental conditions change, then different traits may become favoured, starting the process over again. speciation Define what a species is A species is any group of organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring. This ability to reproduce allows a species to continue to exist and evolve. Explain how new species form 1. Isolation within a population. a. A population of frogs migrate north to a cold climate. 2. evolution under different selection pressures. a. The northern frogs evolve the ability to survive in the colder climate. 3. Result: Distinct Species. a. The two frog populations can no longer have fertile offspring. Adaptations Explain how species evolve Any genetic trait that helps an organism survive in its environment is called an adaptation. adaptations through natural selection Summarise differences between Behavioural - responses made by an organism that help it to survive/reproduce, e.g. apes behavioural, physiological and forming social alliances, miragration structure adaptations Physiological - a body process that helps an organism to survive/reproduce, e.g., temperature regulation, cells Structural - a feature of an organism's body that helps it to survive/reproduce, e.g. long beak, more fur Artificial selection: You intentionally choose the specific traits in organisms to breed for desired characteristics (selecting and then breeding those organisms to produce offspring). Terms Definition Variation Difference in traits in individuals which belong to the same species. Acquired traits Acquired traits are features gained during an individual’s lifetime (loss of limb, tattoo) Genetic trait Examples of genetic traits include eye colour, dimples and height. Genetic traits are pre-determined by genes in an individual's DNA. This is why they are inherited from the individual's parents through reproduction. Mutations Any random change in genetic code when passing down from generation to generation. These changes in genetic information can produce new variations in traits. Evolution Evolution is any change in the genetic traits in a population over many generations. Population A population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species living in the same place, so they can breed and interact. Genetic diversity The biological variation that occurs within species. Natural Selection The survival of organisms that are better adapted to their environment. More specifically, natural selection is the process by which a selection pressure acts on a population and results in some organisms having a greater chance of survival and producing more offspring than others. Selection pressure Something in the environment that affects an organism's ability to survive in a particular environment Species Any group of organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring is called a species. This ability to reproduce allows a species to continue to exist and evolve. Speciation The formation of a new species is called speciation. This process is explained by the theory of evolution by natural selection. Adaptation Any genetic trait that helps an organism survive in its environment is called an adaptation. Behavioural adaptation responses made by an organism that help it to survive/reproduce, e.g. apes forming social alliances Physiological a body process that helps an organism to survive/reproduce, e.g., temperature regulation, cells, production adaptation of venom Structural adaptation a physical feature of an organism's body that helps it to survive/reproduce, e.g. long beak, more fur