Ethics Weeks 1-2 Reviewer PDF

Four Periods in History of Philosophy Moral Philosophy: Ethical Theories Period Focus Ancient Urstof/Arche/Origin Hedonism- (proponent: Epicurus) pain is of the world an evil to be avoided. Medieval God Ari...

Four Periods in History of Philosophy Moral Philosophy: Ethical Theories Period Focus Ancient Urstof/Arche/Origin Hedonism- (proponent: Epicurus) pain is of the world an evil to be avoided. Medieval God Aristotelianism- (proponent: Aristotle) Modern Man supremacy of reason over man‟s Contemporary Existence appetite. -Attainment of the golden mean. “Nothing by excess, nothing by defect.” Ethics “ethos” Thomism- (proponent: St. Thomas -characteristic way of acting, habit or Aquinas) Ultimate purpose of man custom. consists in beatific vision of God. -Attainable only through the aid of Lat. mos/mores supernatural grace. Ethics -Studies the characteristic behaviour of Utilitarianism- (proponent: John Stuart man as endowed with reason and Mills) pleasure that which gives the freewill. greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. Ethics -The science of the morality of human Evolutionism- (proponent: Charles acts. Darwin) The greatest good is the rearing of the greatest number of individuals A. Man as Person with perfect faculties under given C-oncious circumstances. H-istorical U-nique Existentialism- (Notable existentialists: R-ational Blaise Pascal,Soren Kierkegaard, Karl Embodied Jaspers, and Jean Paul Sartre) The Spirit attainment of personnal fulfillment which is the ultimate purpose of one‟s B. The Human Act life depends largely on one‟s faith and “[A]re those performed by person who is personal conviction. acting knowingly, freely and willfully.” Basic Issues Concerned in Ethics The „end‟ is the purpose or goal of an A. Rights and Duties act. B. Love of God -It is either the end of the act itself C. Love of Self -the end of the doer.” D. Bioethics E. Work Ethics D. Determinants of Morality F. Love of Neighbour 1. Object (End of an Act) g. Marriage and Family 2. Circumstance i. Love of Country 3. End (End of the doer) Logical Falacies: 1. Ad Verecundiam 2. Ad Populum 3. Ad Baculum 4. Ad Misericordiam 5. Ad Hominem Ad Verecundiam: “The pronouncement of someone who is taken to be an authority but is not really an authority.” Ad Populum: “The source appealed to is popular opinion, or common knowledge” Ad Baculum: “Involve a threat of injury of harm to the person addressed.” Ad Misericordiam: “Appeals for sympathy or pity are mistakenly thought to be evidence. ” Ad Hominem: “Directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining.”