ETHICS & REED TOPIC 1 (NEW).docx

**Ethical Relativism and Filipino Cultural Values** - Ethical Relativism challenges the universality of moral principles. It suggests that right and wrong are relative to cultural beliefs. - This presentation explores Ethical Relativism and its implications for Filipino cultural values...

**Ethical Relativism and Filipino Cultural Values** - Ethical Relativism challenges the universality of moral principles. It suggests that right and wrong are relative to cultural beliefs. - This presentation explores Ethical Relativism and its implications for Filipino cultural values. **Cultural and Moral Behavior** Vary in their moral codes: - Filipinos value family - Respect for elders - Community These values influence their moral behavior. **Family** Filipinos place a high value on family and prioritize the well - being of their loved ones. **Respect for Elders** Filipino culture emphasizes respect for elders and their wisdom , which is reflected in their interactions and decision - making processes. **Community** The strong sense of community in Filipino culture fosters a sense of shared responsibility and support for one another. **Ethical Relativism** \> Asserts that morality is relative to the culture in which it is held. It rejects the notion of universal moral truths. **Moral Relativism** Posits that morality is relative to the beliefs of a particular society. **Cultural Diversity** Ethical Relativism acknowledges the diversity of cultural beliefs and values. **Moral Tolerance** It encourages tolerance for different moral viewpoints , even if they differ from one\'s own. **Arguments for Ethical Relativism** \> Proponents of Ethical Relativism present a complex ethical dilemma. 1\) **Cultural Differences Argument** 2\) **Argument from Respect** 3\) **Psychological Argument** 4\) **Conformity Argument** **Cultural Differences Argument** - The Cultural Differences Argument claims that the existence of different moral beliefs across cultures indicates the absence of objective moral truth. 1\) **Different Cultures** 2\) **Moral Relativism** 3\) **Absence of Universal Truth** **Argument from Respect** **Respect for Other Cultures** Respecting other cultures involves understanding and accepting their beliefs and practices. **Moral Relativism** Ethical Relativism aligns with respect by asserting that morality is relative to each culture. **Tolerance** It encourages tolerance for diverse moral viewpoints, even when they differ from one\'s own. **Psychological Argument** Posits that morality is shaped by social conditioning, implying that there is no objective basis for morality. 1\) **Social Conditioning** Individuals are influenced by their upbringing, social norms, and cultural practices. 2\) **Moral Development** Moral values are shaped by these social influences suggesting that they are not inherent or universal. 3\) **Relativism** This view supports Ethical Relativism, as it suggests that morality is relative to the society in which it is developed. **Conformity Argument** The Conformitv Arqument suqgests that people tend to conform to the moral norms of their society, implying that moral values are laarned and not inherent. **Group Norms** Individuals conform to the moral norms of their social group, seeking acceptance and avoiding social disapproval. **Social Influence** Peer pressure and social expectations can influence individuals\' moral choices and behaviors. **Moral Conformity** This conformity to group norms suggests that morality is not objectively determined but rather shaped by societal expectations. **Provability Argument** The Provability Argument argues that moral truths cannot be proven objectively, implying that they are relative to individual or cultural beliefs. **Scientific Proof** Moral truths are not amenable to scientific proof, as they deal with values and beliefs, not empirical phenomena. **Subjective Values** Moral values are often subjective and based on individual or cultural beliefs, making them difficult to prove objectively. **Ethical Relativism: A Critical Evaluation** Ethical relativism is a theory that suggests moral values are determined by a specific culture or society. It arques that there is no objective or universal truth in ethics, and what is considered right or wrcng varies across cultures. **Arguments for Ethical Relativism** - **Cultural Diversity** Ethical relativism supports the notion that different cultures have different values, which contributes to a more inclusive and respectful understanding of the world. - **Argument from Respect** It argues that respecting other cultures involves accepting their moral values, even if they differ from our own. - **Psychological Argument** It suggests that our moral judgments are shaped by our upbringing and cultural background, and that objective truth is unattainable. - **Argument from Conformity** It emphasizes the importance of adhering to the norms and values of our own culture, which contributes to social stability and cohesion. - **Provability Argument** It suggests that moral truths cannot be proven objectively, and therefore, we should accept cultural relativity. **Ethical Relativism and Filipino Values** **Bayanihan** **Hiya** **Utang na Loob** **Pakikisama** **Saving Face** **Sakop** **Manana Habit** (**Procrastination**) **Kanya-kanya** **REED ( TOPIC 1)** **Stages of Faith Development** **Faith** **Spirituality** **Development** **\> Primal** \> **Imaginative** \> **Literal** \> **Conventional** \> **Personal** \> **Conjunctive or Mystical** \> **Universal** Primal Faith Characteristics: Example: Imaginative Faith 1. Developing Imagination \> Children begin to understand stories and symbols, developing their capacity for imagination and fantasy. They may be captivated by fairy tales and myths. 2\. Concrete Understanding \> Their faith is still based on concrete experiences and tangible symbols, and they may struggle to grasp abstract concepts. 3\. Exploration & Curiosity \> Curiosity about the world and the meaning of life begins to emerge. This stage often marks a shift from solely relying on the family\'s faith to exploring their own understanding. Literal Faith \> Children begin to understand stories and symbols literally. They may ask questions about God, heaven, and hell. \> They may develop a sense of right and wrong, and may seek to follow rules and guidelines. \> This stage often marks the beginning of logical thinking and reasoning about their faith. Conventional Faith Social Influence \> Faith becomes more influenced by peers and social groups. They may adopt beliefs based on what their friends or community believes. Conformity \> There is a strong emphasis on conformity and following social norms, even if they don\'t fully understand the reasons behind these norms. Seeking Identity \> Individuals may start to explore their own values and beliefs, but they are still heavily influenced by their social context. Personal Faith Self-Reflection \> This stage involves more critical thinking and questioning. Individuals begin to develop their own personal beliefs and values, rather than simply accepting those of their family or community. Challenging Beliefs \> They may question traditional doctrines and dogma.Seeking a deeper understanding of their faith. Seeking Meaning \> Individuals seek personal meaning and purpose in their faith. Conjunctive or Mystical Faith \> In this stage, an individual adult becomes more aware of the presence of the Divine Mystery in all of life. \> This awareness producesa deep sense of sufficiency, wholeness and peace, which enables the individual to accept and believe what cannot be fully understood or explained. **Transcendence Integration** \> Individuals may experience a sense of transcendence, moving beyond the limitations of their personal experiences and beliefs. They may embrace a more spiritual approach. **Integration** \> This stage involves integrating different perspectives, including both traditional religious beliefs and modern scientific and psychological insights. Universal Faith & Conclusion \> Individuals may develop a universal perspective, recognizing the interconnectedness of all things and embracing the diversity of spiritual paths. \> This stage involves a deep appreciation for the sacred in all things.