Estructura de la Columna Vertebral (SEM 3 2024-II) PDF

# Columna Vertebral ## Anatomía de la Columna Vertebral **COLUMNA VERTEBRAL** - C1 (Atlas) - C2 (Axis) - Cervicales - C3 - C4 - C5 - C6 - C7 - T1 - T2 - Vértebra prominente - Apófisis espinosas - T3 - T4 - T5 - T6 - Torácicas - T7 - T8 - Discos intervertebrales - T9 - T10 - T11 - T12 - Orificios...

# Columna Vertebral ## Anatomía de la Columna Vertebral **COLUMNA VERTEBRAL** - C1 (Atlas) - C2 (Axis) - Cervicales - C3 - C4 - C5 - C6 - C7 - T1 - T2 - Vértebra prominente - Apófisis espinosas - T3 - T4 - T5 - T6 - Torácicas - T7 - T8 - Discos intervertebrales - T9 - T10 - T11 - T12 - Orificios intervertebrales - L1 - L2 - Apófisis transversas - Lumbares - L3 - Promontorio - Sacro - L4 - L5 - Cresta Sacra - Promontorio - Orificios sacros - Coccix - Coccix ## Descripción General "La columna vertebral es un tallo longitudinal óseo resistente y flexible, situado en la parte media y posterior del tronco desde la cabeza, a la cual sostiene, hasta la pelvis, que la soporta. Envuelve y protege a la médula espinal, que está contenida en el conducto raquídeo. La columna vertebral se compone de elementos óseos llamados vértebras". "La columna vertebral está formada por siete vértebras cervicales, doce vértebras torácicas, cinco vértebras lumbares, el sacro y el cóccix". ### Segmentos * Cervical * Dorsal * Lumbar * Sacrococcigeo ### Curvaturas La columna vertebral presenta cuatro curvaturas fisiológicas: * **Lordosis cervical:** Curvatura cóncava hacia atrás que se inicia en la unión del cráneo con la columna vertebral. * **Cifosis dorsal:** Curvatura convexa hacia atrás que se inicia en la unión del cráneo con la columna vertebral. * **Lordosis lumbar:** Curvatura cóncava hacia atrás que se inicia en la unión del cráneo con la columna vertebral. * **Cifosis sacra:** Curvatura convexa hacia atrás que se inicia en la unión del cráneo con la columna vertebral. ## Anatomía de la Vértebra <start_of_image>structure of a vertebra | Part | Description | |---|---| |Forame vertebral | The hole in the center of a vertabra. It is located in the vertebral arch and contains the spinal cord. | | Incisura vertebral superior | Notch on the superior side of the vertebral arch. | | Face articular superior | Superior surface of the articular process. | | Proceso espinhoso | The posterior projection of the vertebral arch. | | Cuerpo | The thick, anterior portion of a vertebra. | | Fóvea costal superior | The superior articular surface for the head of a rib. | | Pedículo | The part of the vertebral arch that connects the body to the transverse process. | | Angulo da face articular | The angle of the articular surface. | | Lâmina | The part of the vertebral arch that connects the transverse process to the spinous process. | | Fóvea costal transversa | The transverse articular surface that connects to the tubercles of the ribs. | | Incisura vertebral inferior | Notch on the inferior side of the vertebral arch. | | Proceso transverso | The lateral projection of the vertebral arch. | | Proceso articular inferior | The inferior articular surface of the articular process. | | Fóvea costal inferior | The inferior articular surface for the head of a rib. | ## Agujero Vertebral The vertebral foramen is the opening in the middle of the vertebral arch. It contains the spinal cord. ## Agujero de Conjunción The intervertebral foramen is a small opening between adjacent vertebrae. It allows for nerves to exit the spinal cord. ## Vértebras Cervicales The cervical vertebrae are located in the neck. They are the smallest and most mobile of the vertebrae. ### Cervicales Atípicas - **C1 (Atlas)** - Arco y Tubérculo Anterior - Arco y Tubérculo Posterior - 2 Masas Laterales ## Vértebras Dorsales The thoracic vertebrae are located in the chest. They are larger than the cervical vertebrae and have articular surfaces to articulate with the ribs. ## Vértebras Lumbares The lumbar vertebrae are located in the lower back. They are the largest and most robust of the vertebrae. ## Sacro The sacrum is a triangular bone formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae. ## Coccix The coccyx is a small, triangular bone formed by the fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae. ## Funciones de la Columna Vertebral ### Estática Supports the weight of the head, trunk, and upper limbs. ### Cinética Allows the body to move and flex. ### Protectora Protects the spinal cord.