Environmental Studies MCQ PDF

## Environmental Studies ### Environmental Pollution * **70.** Based on national ambient air quality standards, the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) in mg/m³ in 1 hour is **4**. * **71.** Noise pollution is measured in **decibel unit**. * **72.** Noise standards for residential areas in daytime is **5...

## Environmental Studies ### Environmental Pollution * **70.** Based on national ambient air quality standards, the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) in mg/m³ in 1 hour is **4**. * **71.** Noise pollution is measured in **decibel unit**. * **72.** Noise standards for residential areas in daytime is **55 dB (A)**. * **73.** Noise standards in silence zones in daytime is **50 dB (A)**. * **74.** Silence zone is referred to as an area upto **100** meters around such as hospitals, educational institutions, and courts. * **75.** WEEE stands for **Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment**. * **76.** Organic matter constitutes **35-40%** of the municipal solid waste generated in India. ### Syllabus - Article (48-A) and (51-A)(g) of Indian constitution regarding Environment, Environmental protection and prevention acts, CPCB and MPCB norms and responsible environment - Concept of sustainable development, EIA and environmental morality - Management measures - Rain water harvesting, ground water recharge, green belt development, use of renewable energy, water shed management, interlinking of rivers - Role of information technology in environment and human health ### Article (48-A) AND (51-A (g)) OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION REGARDING ENVIRONMENT - Articles 48-A and 51-A, Clause (g) - Initially, the Constitution of India had no direct provision for environmental protection. - Global consciousness for the protection of environment in the seventies, Stockholm Conference and increasing awareness of the environmental crisis prompted the Indian Government to enact 42nd Amendment to the Constitution in 1976. - The Constitution was amended to introduce direct provisions for protection of environment. - This 42nd Amendment added Article 48-A to the Directive Principles of State Policy. - The Article states: "The state shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country." - The said amendment imposed a responsibility on every citizen in the form of Fundamental Duty. Article 51-A, Clause (g): - Article 51-A (g) which deals with Fundamental Duties of the citizens states: "It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures." - In conclusion, protection and improvement of natural environment is the duty of the State (Article 48-A) and every citizen (Article 51- A (g)). ### ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH - The advancements of human development, both economical and technological, have changed the relationship people have with nature. - In recent years with the acknowledgement of climate change and the global warming, the concept of the human approach to nature has been impacted by technology. - Technology has played a key role in the development of human society. - Modern technologies such as information technology, have changed the human lifestyle. - Development of sophisticated instruments like computers, satellites, telecommunication Instruments etc have resulted in a total revolution in health and environmental services that are so vital for the survival of the human race on this planet. - Technology is therefore not a mere means but a way of life nowadays. - Technology is a tool that enables people to reach their goals. - Information technology plays a significant role in improving the status of environmental education and human health when compared to other respective areas such as business, economics, and culture or politics. - The emerging growth of the internet services and facilities, geographic information system or GIS, and the data that is transmitted through satellites, etc., have resulted in a higher affluence of the updated information on several aspects of the environment and health. - When looking at the variety of software in the market, an individual can find a number of programs designed for health or environmental studies. - These programs are user-friendly and can help a learner understand the respective subject with ease. - **Role of technology in environment and health is immense.** - Remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) have proven to be very effective tools in environment management. - The continuous changes in the environment are now assessed easily through satellites with remote sensing techniques. - The occurrence of natural calamities such as droughts, floods, volcanic eruptions, etc., can be predicted well in advance. - These assessments aid environmentalists and planners to take steps to minimize the effects of these events. - The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India has created an information system called Environmental Information System (ENVIS) with its headquarters in Delhi. - ENVIS provides a network database in environmental issues like pollution control, renewable energy, desertification, biodiversity, etc. - **Database** is the collection of interrelated data on various subjects in a computerized form that can be retrieved whenever required. - These databases can help track information such as birth and death rates, immunization and sanitation programs. - Database is also available for various diseases such as malaria, fluorosis, AIDS, etc. - The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India has taken up the task of compiling a database on various environmental issues like wildlife, forests cover, wasteland, etc. - **Databases** are a collection of connected data on some subjects, which are in computerized form and can be accessed at any hour. - The following are some key databases available for academic and research purposes: - **National Management Information System (NMIS)**: This database is run by the Department of Science and Technology and focuses on research and development projects, as well as information related to scientists and personnel, are included. - **Environmental Information System (ENVIS)**: The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India has established this program with its headquarters in Delhi. It aims to provide environmental information to all the decision makers, engineers, scientists, and policy makers that reside in all over the country. - **Remote Sensing And Geographical Information System (GIS)**: The process of remote sensing that accesses through satellites can be used to get through the ongoing alterations in the environment and to predict the natural hazards before time such as floods, droughts, volcanic eruptions, starvation, etc. - This technique is also helpful for exploring the availability of mineral deposits, crude oil, and locating other geothermal powerhouses. - **Geographical Information System (GIS)**: This system is considered one of the most effective tools in environmental management. It involves superimposing different thematic maps with the help of digital data on a large scale of interconnected aspects. - Different thematic maps that contain digital information and database on various elements such as forest land, water resources, soil type, cropland, industrial growth, human settlement, and industrial growth, etc. are placed in a layered prospectus in the computer with the help of software. - It is also useful for identifying some deadly and chronic diseases that come from the infested areas which are very much prone to vector-borne diseases such as schistosomiasis, malaria, etc. based on the geographical map of that area. - There are some distribution information centers (DICs) in India that are interrelated with each other and with the central information network getting its access to the international database. - DICs can also provide information and facts about the atmospheric phenomena such as the upcoming monsoon, inversion phenomena, the depletion of the ozone layer, smog, etc. - It is the reason why remote sensing and GIS play a significant role in resource mapping, management, planning, environmental conservation, and environmental impact assessment as well. - **World Wide Web(WWW):** The wide availability of resources on every aspect has improved classroom activities through digital files of photos, web-exercises, animations, PowerPoint lecture presentations, and quiz competitions. - **Student-Friendly Aspects** of Online Learning Centre Websites: - Tips on how to study intelligently, detailed information and hyperlinks on every important topic, practice quiz, web exercises, case studies, key-terms, career information, current affairs, an interactive encyclopedia, environmental maps, current articles, and tips to contact your elected officials. - **Teacher-Friendly Aspects of Online Learning Centre Websites**: - Additional case studies, solutions to critical thinking questions, answers to web exercises, editing facility to imply or delete the items and make multiple versions of the same test, etc. - **Seeking Online Help for Information on Health**: Online portals offer a wide range of information about human health and environment. - Individuals can access help from the national institute of occupational health as it avails electronic information on the professional and fundamental health of people who work in hazardous working conditions and provide safety measures as well. - In conclusion: - The field of information technology has been increasing rapidly with an explosion of new avenues that are opening along with an active role in the field of education, planning, and management of health and environment. - Information technology has been playing a significant role in the areas of biometrics, genome sequencing, gene engineering, online medical transcription, maintaining the DTA database for the betterment of human health, biotechnology, etc. - It also helps in identifying some deadly and chronic diseases that come from infested areas which are very much prone to vector-borne diseases such as schistosomiasis, malaria, etc. - This information is based on the geographical map of that area. ### EXERCISE **Multiple Choice Questions** 1. **What is a watershed?** - **(d) both (a) and (b)** - (a) area of land that water flows across as it moves toward a larger water body - (b) area of land from which water drains to a particular water body 2. **What do we call the highest point or elevation in a watershed that divides one watershed from another?** - **(d) Ridgeline** - (a) Runoff - (b) Bay - (c) Valley 3. **Which of the following would NOT be another name for a wetland?** - **(d) bogs** - (a) bays - (b) swamps - (c) marshes 4. **Wetlands play an important role in watersheds. What is a wetland?** - **(a) an area of land that is wet at least part of the year** - (b) an area of land where few plants and animals can live - (c) an area of salt water where whales can be found - (d) a very dry area of land 5. **Which one below does NOT belong in a list of characteristics about a wetland?** - **(b) It contributes to flooding.** - (a) It acts as a reservoir for storm water runoff. - (c) It helps to filter pollution from water. - (d) It may include ponds, marshes and swamps. 6. **Which one below is NOT an example of a freshwater body of water?** - **(d) oceans** - (a) lakes - (b) rivers - (c) ponds 7. **Shifting back to a more localized production of food and other resources would lead to all of the following, except** - **(a) reduced local environmental sustainability** - (b) more stable source of jobs and income - (c) more profits circulating within each community - (d) reduced transportation fuel use - (e) reduced greenhouse gas emissions 8. **Which of the following would not traditionally support an environmental-friendly economy?** - **(e) Decrease subsidies for alternative fuel vehicles.** - (a) Shift taxes from wages and profits to pollution and waste. - (b) Improvę energy efficiency. - (c) Shift from a carbon-based economy to a renewable fuel-based economy. - (d) Repair ecological damage. 9. **Changing to a recycling and reuse economy will enable us to meet the needs of an ever-growing population indefinitely.** - **(a) True** 10. **Which of the following is not true of watershed management?** - **(d) Watersheds are a type of building for storing bottled water** - (a) Watershed management is continuous and needs a multidisciplinary approach - (b) A watershed management framework supports partnering, using sound science, taking well planned actions and achieving results - (c) Watersheds are natural systems that we can work with 11. **Natural processes at work in a watershed can provide which of the following benefits?** - **(d) All the above** - (a) Habitat for fish and other life - (b) Drinking water for people and other living organisms - (c) Assimilation of contaminants 12. **Which of the following human actions affect the health and condition of a watershed?** - **(d) All of the above** - (a) Increasing impervious surfaces through building roads, houses, and parking lots - (b) Removing vegetation along drainage ways and streams - (c) Straightening stream channels and piping storm water directly into waterways 13. **Which of the following is not one of the common elements of successful watershed management Frameworks?** - **(c) A fishing license** - (a) Stakeholder involvement - (b) Geographic management units - (d) A management cycle of activities 14. **Which of the following is (are) true about stakeholders and their role in a watershed or basin management cycle?** - **(c) Both A and B above** - (a) Stakeholders are involved throughout the process, with clearly defined roles and responsibilities. - (b) Stakeholders include anyone who can impact or is impacted by a decision in the watershed. 15. **Which statement is not true about the watershed approach:** - **(b) Watershed management is a relatively fixed process and can usually be approached the same way in every case** - (a) Watershed management is a dynamic and continually readjusting process - (c) Watershed management needs a multidisciplinary approach - (d) A strong watershed management approach is one that generates ecologically-based, innovative, cost-effective solutions 16. **Which is not a treatment measures for watershed development** - **(b) Gravity dam** - (a) Contour bunding - (c) Contour trenching - (d) Contour stone walls - (e) Bench terraces 17. **Which of the following is a means of personally contributing toward development of a sustainable society?** - **(e) all of the above** - (a) individual lifestyle changes - (b) career choices - (c) support of appropriate organizations - (d) political involvement 18. **Large cities in developed countries are impossible without automobile ownership by a high percentage of the cities' residents.** - **(b) False** 19. **City dwellers must rely on rural areas for production of all of their foodstuffs.** - **(a) True** 20. **A single person cannot help in efforts to work towards a sustainable society.** - **(b) False** 21. **Urban sprawl has no advantages.** - **(b) False** 22. **The economic, social, and cultural backgrounds of people living in inner city areas and new suburban developments are very similar.** - **(b) False** 23. **Which of the following is directly or indirectly related to essentially all of our environmental problems?** - **(b) population growth** - (a) depletion of resources - (c) technology - (d) pollution - (e) destruction of rainforests 24. **A graph of human population growth to the present resembles** - **(b) a J-shaped curve.** - (a) an S-shaped curve. - (c) a horizontal line. - (d) a diagonal line from top left to bottom right. - (e) a diagonal line from bottom left to top right. 25. **A sustainable society** - **(b) meets the needs and aspirations of the present without compromising those of the future.** - (a) returns to a more primitive style of living. - (c) curtails all further development. - (d) continues as always and assumes that things will work out for the best. - (e) is inconsistent with the goals of environmentalism. 26. **Which of the following is not characteristic of a sustainable society?** - **(a) relies heavily on fossil fuels** - (b) recycles whenever possible - (c) practices resource conservation - (d) uses renewable resources whenever possible 27. **A sustainable system or process is one that** - **(a) can be continued indefinitely without depleting the material or energy resources required to keep it running.** - (b) persists over time. - (c) is carefully managed using sound ecological principles. - (d) is operating at its carrying capacity. - (e) will support as much harvesting as humans wish to undertake 28. **Rain water harvesting is not ...** - **(d) harvesting the crops with rain water** - (a) catching and holding rain where it falls and using it - (b) storing it in tanks - (c) recharging groundwater 29. **Which state has made it compulsory to harvest rain water for all buildings?** - **(c) Tamilnadu** - (a) Rajasthan - (b) West Bengal - (d) Maharashtra 30. **In Mumbai, what is the minimum plot area for which rain water harvesting is mandatory?** - **(c) 1000 sq. m.** - (a) 2000 sq. m. - (b) 500 sq. m. - (d) 1500 sq. m. 31. **The environmental cause of increase in skin cancer, cataract and mutation is** - **(d) ozone depletion** - (a) acid rain - (b) global warming - (c) nuclear winter 32. **Greenhouse effect leading to the warming up of the atmosphere is due to** - **(c) increase in temperature due to increase in CO₂ level** - (a) infra-red rays reaching to the earth - (b) UV rays reaching the earth - (d) depletion of ozone layer 33. **Acid rain** - **(b) decreases the pH of soil** - (a) increases the pH of soil - (c) does not change the pH of soil - (d) Increases the fertility of soil 34. **Which one is not greenhouse gas?** - **(b) Ozone** - (a) CO₂ - (c) CH₄ - (d) CFC 35. **Our environment is presently not degrading due to** - **(e) none of the above** - (a) deforestation, - (b) overgrazing, - (c) rapid industrialization - (d) urbanization 36. **Which one of the following is NOT included in Earth's climate system?** - **(b) solid Earth** - (a) atmosphere - (c) biosphere - (d) hydrosphere - (e) solar sphere 37. **Which one of the following is NOT a significant natural cause of climate change?** - **(e) erosion of the land** - (a) solar variability - (b) variations in Earth's orbit - (c) volcanic activity - (d) plate tectonics 38. **The combustion of coal and oil is a major source of which greenhouse gas?** - **(d) CFCs** - (a) ozone - (b) nitrous oxide - (c) methane - (e) none of the above 39. **Which of the following is associated with the astronomical theory of climate change?** - **(e) both precession and obliquity of Earth's axis** - (a) eccentricity of Earth's orbit - (b) obliquity of Earth's axis - (c) precession of Earth's axis - (d) all of the above 40. **Which one of the following is a significant contributor to increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide?** - **(a) deforestation** - (b) aerosol spray can gases - (c) refrigerant leakage - (d) large rice paddies 41. **The slow wobbling of Earth as it spins on its axis is called** - **(d) precession** - (a) eccentricity - (b) obliquity - (c) aphelion - (e) extension 42. **Which of the following is a possible consequence of a greenhouse warming?** - **(e) all of the above** - (a) a change in agricultural productivity - (b) a rise in sea level - (c) new weather patterns - (d) alteration of the world's water resources 43. **Oxygen isotope analysis measures the. ** - **(c) ratio of two different types of oxygen atoms** - (a) amount of radioactive oxygen in the air - (b) oxygen content of ocean water - (d) oxygen content of organic sediment - (e) rate of oxygen depletion 44. **Which one of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?** - **(d) oxygen** - (a) nitrous oxide - (b) methane - (c) carbon dioxide - (e) all are greenhouse gases 45. **When determining climate change, oxygen isotope measurements are made from an analysis of** - **(d) hydrosphere** - (a) atmosphere - (b) solid Earth - (c) biosphere - (e) solar sphere 46. **Along with carbon dioxide......... is largely responsible for the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere.** - **(e) water vapour** - (a) nitrogen - (b) hydrogen - (c) sulfur dioxide - (d) oxygen 47. **Which of the following help scientists discover how climate has changed over broad expanses of time?** - **(d) all of the above** - (a) sea-floor sediments - (b) oxygen isotope analysis - (c) paleosols (buried soils) - (e) only sea-floor sediments and oxygen isotope analysis 48. **The greenhouse effect is caused by ...** - **(b) Greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere absorbing radiation from the Earth's surface, and preventing much of it escaping into space** - (a) Greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere absorbing solar radiation - (c) Too much heat in the atmosphere - (d) Too much sunshine reaching Earth 49. **Which of these natural events affect the climate?** - **(d) All of the above** - (a) Thawing permafrost - (b) The path of the Earth around the sun - (c) Volcanic eruptions 50. **Which of these greenhouse gases is most abundant in the atmosphere?** - **(a) Carbon dioxide** - (b) Methane - (c) Nitrous oxide - (d) Water vapour 51. **What greenhouse gas was not present in the atmosphere in pre-industrial times (before 1750)?** - **(a) Trichlorofluoromethane** - (b) Carbon dioxide - (c) Nitrous oxide - (d) Methane 52. **Which of these countries has the highest per capita carbon dioxide emissions?** - **(a) United States** - (b) Australia - (c) Saudi Arabia - (d) China 53. **Which of the following activities contributes the most to carbon emissions globally?** - **(d) Energy supply** - (a) Agriculture - (b) Transport - (c) Forestry 54. **The 1987 Montreal Protocol was signed for which of the following reasons?** - **(a) To phase out the use of CFC's, found to be causing depletion of the ozone layer** - (b) To begin converting from fossil fuel use to more renewable energy sources to reduce the anthropogenic greenhouse effect 55. **One effect of global warming is a rise in sea levels, which certainly could affect coastal cities that are little above current sea level. How much has the sea level risen in the past 100 years?** - **(c) 6-8 inches** - (a) 1-2 inches - (b) 6-8 feet - (d) 1-2 feet 56. **What would the Kyoto Protocol do?** - **(d) By 2012, it would curb CO, emissions from all developed countries to bring them about 6 to 8% down from the levels reached in 1990.** - (a) It would not allow developing countries like China to modify their coal-burning equipment to prevent further increases in carbon dioxide levels. - (b) It would curb all CO2 emissions from all countries to bring them about 15 to 20% down from the levels reached in 1990. - (c) It would completely ban production of CFCs. 57. **What part of the world is expected to warm up the most under most common scenarios of global warming for the 21st century?** - **(a) the Arctic** - (b) southern Europe and North Africa - (c) Southwestern USA and parts of China - (d) tropical regions 58. **Which statement below is correct?** - **(c) Normal rain is mildly acidic because of the carbonic acid (pH < 7).** - (a) Normal rain's pH varies by more than 3 pH units. - (b) Normal rain has perfectly neutral reaction (pH = 7) - (d) It is impossible to tell. - (e) Normal rain is mildly alkaline (pH > 7). 59. **Which statement best describes the current situation with the ozone hole?** - **(b) The ozone hole has shown a major decline after the ozone-depleting chemicals were banned under the Montreal Protocol.** - (a) The ozone hole has grown about 50% larger. - (c) The ozone hole remained more or less constant in size since 2000, despite a slight reduction in the amount of CICs in the stratosphere. - (d) Ozone holes of about equal size are now developing in both the Arctic and Antarctica. 60. **Which strategy below will not assist us in preventing acid rain?** - **(c) using used rubber tires on children's playgrounds** - (a) installing scrubbers at power plants - (b) switching to wind power as a source of electricity - (d) switching to low-sulfur coal 61. **The pH scale is logarithmic, that is, each unit on it is 10 times greater than the previous one.** - **(a) True** 62. **Most of the problems with acid deposition in this country result from rain. The amount of acid contained in snow is minimal. True or false?** - **(b) False** 63. **Even with a complete CFC ban worldwide, it will take the ozone layer 50 to 100 years to recover.** - **(a) True** 64. **Ozone is a pollutant at ground level, but it is a desirable chemical in the stratosphere because it blocks dangerous ultraviolet radiation.** - **(a) True** 65. **An ozone hole can occur only over Antarctica.** - **(b) False** 66. **After recent studies done by the International Panel on Climate Change researchers, it is certain that the planet is indeed warming.** - **(b) False** 67. **The projected effects of global warming are all negative.** - **(b) False** 68. **Global warming over the 21st century will likely result in a 10 meter rise in ocean levels.** - **(b) False** 69. **Because warming is global, Earth is warming up uniformly everywhere.** - **(b) False** 70. **Reductions in methane emissions could help mitigate global warming.** - **(a) True** 71. **All global circulation models predict a future that is warmer than today for the next 50-100 years.** - **(b) False** 72. **In the past century, the amount of precipitation worldwide has decreased.** - **(b) False** 73. **To stop global warming by the end of the 21st century, we would need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions much more than what's required under Kyoto Protocol (6 to 8%), perhaps by as much as 80% within the next 20-50 years.** - **(a) True** 74. **Nuclear power plants are typically fueled with what?** - **(d) uranium-235** - (a) plutonium - (b) deuterium - (c) uranium-238 - (e) tritium 75. **The subatomic particles released during a nuclear chain reaction are what?** - **(c) neutrons** - (a) gluons - (b) electrons - (d) muons - (e) protons 76. **An environmental problem associated with nuclear power plants is what?** - **(e) none of the above** - (a) carbon dioxide emissions - (b) nitrogen oxide emissions - (c) sulfur oxide emissions - (d) particulate emissions 77. **The current practice for disposal of high level wastes from nuclear power plants is to** - **(b) bury the wastes deep underground.** - (a) sell the wastes to developing countries for use in their own nuclear power plants. - (c) allow the military to reprocess the wastes for nuclear weapons. - (d) drop the wastes into the deepest parts of the ocean. - (e) use the space shuttle to carry the wastes to outer space 78. **Where did the worst nuclear accident in history occur in 1986?** - **(a) Chernobyl** - (b) Yucca Mountain - (c) Chelyabinsk - (d) Brown's River Ferry - (e) Three Mile Island 79. **What country has the greatest reliance on nuclear power for generation of electricity?** - **(e) France** - (a) Japan - (b) Germany - (c) England - (d) Russia 80. **Breeder reactors convert** - **(b) uranium-235 into plutonim-239.** - (a) uranium-238 into plutonium-239. - (c) uranium-238 into uranium-235. - (d) uranium-235 into uranium-238. - (e) plutonium-239 into uranium-238. 81. **Since the mid 1970s, interest in nuclear energy has** - **(b) dramatically declined.** - (a) dramatically increased. - (c) stayed the same. 82. **In nuclear fission,** - **(a) a large atom of one element is split to produce two smaller atoms of different elements.** - (b) a large molecule of one element is split to produce two smaller molecules of different elements. - (c) two small atoms combine to form a larger atom of a different element. 83. **In nuclear fusion,** - **(c) two small atoms combine to form a larger atom of a different element.** - (a) two smaller molecules are joined to produce a single larger molecule. - (b) a large atom of one element is split to produce two smaller atoms of different elements. 84. **To make nuclear fuel, uranium ore is enriched by** - **(a) separating 235U from 238U to produce a material containing higher levels of 235U.** - (b) separating 238U from 235U to produce a material containing higher levels of 238U. - (c) adding more 235U. - (d) adding more 238U. 85. **The time for half the amount of a radioactive isotope to decay is known as its** - **(a) half-life.** - (b) radioactive decay. - (c) halving time. - (d) rate of decay. 86. **What containment period does EPA recommend for long-term storage of radioactive wastes?** - **(a) 10,000 years** - (b) 100,000 years - (c) 1000 years - (d) 100 years 87. **Which of the following is not a basis for opposition to nuclear power?** - **(b) generation of greenhouse gases** - (a) high construction costs - (c) the risk of serious accident - (d) security risks 88. **Uranium-238 is the fissionable isotope of uranium commonly used in nuclear power plants.** - **(b) False** 89. **One benefit of nuclear energy is that uranium ore requires little processing before use as a fuel in a nuclear power plant.** - **(b) False** 90. **The energy released from a fission chain reaction is directly converted into electricity.** - **(b) False** 91. **The radiation exposure from living near a nuclear power plant is approximately equal to that of a single chest X ray.** - **(b) False** 92. **Long-term storage of wastes from nuclear power plants is not a problem because radioactive decay will cause the waste products to become stable and no longer radioactive.** - **(b) False** 93. **Controlled fusion reactions should be possible in theory, but have yet to be achieved in reality.** - **(a) True** 94. **Coal-fired generating plants produce far more solid waste than nuclear plants.** - **(a) True** 95. **Closing down (decommissioning) a nuclear power plant can cost more than building the plant in the first place.** - **(a) True** 96. **Carbon credit is meant for** - **(b) Protection of environment** - (a) Deforestation - (c) Rural infrastructure - (d) Diamond trading 97. **Mechanism that does NOT enable developed countries with quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments to acquire GHG reduction credits** - **(d) International Emission Trading (IET)** - (a) Joint Implementation (JI) - (b) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) - (c) Combined Asset Mechanism (CAM) 98. **Concept of carbon credits came into existence in ...** - **(d) Kyoto Protocol** - (a) Montreal protocol - (b) Reo conference - (c) Bandung protocol 99. **Carbon offsets are measured in metric tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent and does not represent the following greenhouse gas** - **(d) perfluorocarbons (PFCs)** - (a) methane (CH4) - (b) nitrous oxide (N₂O) - (c) Ozone - (e) hydroflourocarbons (HFCs) 100. **Which one of the following is not true about the term "CARBON CREDITS"?** - **(e) All the above