EPHE 155 Spring 2025 Nutrition Standards & Guidelines PDF

EPHE 155 Introduction to Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies Standards and Guidelines University of Victoria, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education Dr.Kimberly McQueen, BSc ND Email: [email protected] ...

EPHE 155 Introduction to Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies Standards and Guidelines University of Victoria, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education Dr.Kimberly McQueen, BSc ND Email: [email protected]  ❏ Understand how RDA, AI, EAR, and UL serve different Learning Goals functions ❏ Understand the guidance of the Canada Food Guide ❏ Know the DRI ‘s AMDR for Macronutrients Goals of the DRI Committee Facilitating Nutrition Research and Policy EAR: Nutrient requirements for given life stages/gender groups used by researchers and nutrition policymakers Setting Recommended Intake Values RDA: Based on solid experimental evidence and reliable observations AI: Scientifically based, but requires some educated guesses Establishing Safety Guidelines UL: Identifying potentially hazardous levels of nutrient intake; used to set safe upper limits for food/water supply Preventing Chronic Diseases AMDR: A diet with these proportions can provide adequate nutrients and reduce risk of chronic diseases ○ 45%-65% from carbohydrates ○ 20%-35% from fat ○ 10%-35% from protein Nutrient Recommendations Standards in Canada and the United States are derived from the dietary reference intakes (DRI) The DRI committee has set Carbohydrates Nutrient Standards for: Lipids Protein Vitamins Minerals Fibre Water Energy Nutrient Standards DRI Dietary Reference Intake EAR RDA AI UL Estimated Recommended Adequate Upper Limit Average Dietary Allowance Intake Requirement The median daily The average When an RDA Tolerable upper intake that is dietary intake level cannot be limit for average estimated to that is sufficient to established, daily nutrient meet the meet the nutrient then the best intake. At this requirements of requirement of available level it is unlikely half the healthy nearly all healthy evidence and to pose any risk. individuals in a individuals. expertise is This is not the life stage and used to set the recommended gender group. standard. intake. Above this level risk could increase and it may also be well tolerated Nutrient Standard cont. DRI cont. CDRR Chronic Disease Risk Reduction New DRI AMDR Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range Food labels DV Daily Value %DV The % of the DV that a food delivers RDI Recommended Daily Intake Energy Needs EER Estimated Energy Requirement Understanding the DRI Values are based on probability and risk Targets are based on meeting the need, on average, day over day Differ from group to group: men, women, children … Not minimum requirements Established to prevent development of deficiency states and of chronic diseases. Apply to healthy people Understanding the DRI Specific indicators of nutrient adequacy: Blood nutrient concentrations Normal growth Reduction of certain chronic diseases A person may require a much higher or possibly lower intake of certain nutrients during the stress of illness or malnutrition  RDA values are set to cover the needs of 97-98% of the healthy population and not set so high to be excessive. RDA values  Based on observed or experimental approximates, when RDA cannot be determined AI values Set to cover the average needs of a person eating 2000 Calories each day. Used for food labelling. DV Carbohydrate Intake Targets Total Carbohydrate: AMDR is 45-65% as % of calories Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) RDA is 130g minimum Working target is 5-12g/kg AI for Fibre: Women age 19-50: 25g Women age 51+: 21g Men age 19-50: 38g Men age 51+ 30g WHO 25g Added sugar Less that 10% of daily calories Lipid Intake Targets Total Fat: AMDR is 20-35% as % of calories Saturated Fat: DRI Keep to less than 10% of Calories Trans Fat: WHO: less than 1% of total calories Cholesterol: DRI: the consumption of saturated fat, trans fat and cholesterol should be as low as possible PUFA the EFAs: Linoleic Acid (5-10% of total Calories) 17g per day for young men 12g per day for young women Linolenic Acid (0.6-1.2% of total Calories) 1.6g per day for men 1.2g per day for women Protein Intake Targets AMDR is 10-35% as percentage of calories RDA is 0.8g/kg (I use 0.8-2g/kg) The amount needed depends on body size, stage of development, and circumstances.  1942 and 1944 a time of food rationing and poverty The Canada Food Guide released Jan 2019 … page 2 Understanding Daily Value (DV) -used on Food Labels DRI values vary from group to group but on a food label, we need one set of values that must apply to everyone The DV reflects the needs of an “average” person DV is based on a 2,000-Calorie per day intake Understanding Daily Value (DV) DV are ideal for allowing comparison among prepackaged foods The %DV shows whether the food has a “lot” or a “little” of a nutrient in a stated amount of food Because the DV apply to all people, they are much less useful as nutrient intake goals for individuals Ingredient List Claims on Food Labels Nutrient Function Claims: Outlines a role that a nutrient may have in our biological systems. Health Claim: Links food constituents with disease states, Nutrient Content Descriptor: Describes the nutrient value in a good. i.e. high or low in … ** these all have to be carefully worded and meet Health Canada standards Sodium, Sugar, and Saturated Fat Mandated June 2022 and required by January 2026 Assignment 2