Environmental Science 1 BSSE-01 Session 12 PDF

Environmental Science 1 BSSE-01 Session 12 | Nov 28, 2024 People and Their Needs Human Societies Human Societies Hunter-Gatherer Societies - is a society in which people gather natural food, hunt, and are nomadic. Agricultural Societies - a society in which c...

Environmental Science 1 BSSE-01 Session 12 | Nov 28, 2024 People and Their Needs Human Societies Human Societies Hunter-Gatherer Societies - is a society in which people gather natural food, hunt, and are nomadic. Agricultural Societies - a society in which crops are grown and people have specialized roles. Industrial Societies - a society in which the production of food and other products is performed by machines, demanding large amounts of energy and resources. Human Population Increases in Growth Rate Declines in Growth Rate Farming provided an Diseases - claimed increased and steady food hundreds and thousands of supply lives Technological Famine advancements improved War - can claim lives in the quality of life of the short time period people Improvement in hygiene, sterile surgery, better method of waste disposal, and water treatment Human Nutrition Nutrients ○ Macronutrients - provide the body with energy (Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats) ○ Micronutrients - provide the body with small amounts of chemicals needed in biochemical reactions (Vitamins and Minerals) Nutritional Deficiency ○ Malnutrition is the lack of a specific type of nutrient in the diet. ○ Vitamin deficiency diseases (examples: scurvy, beriberi, rickets) Energy Resources The Need for Energy A fuel is any substance from which energy can be obtained. Organic fuels are fuels that contain carbon compounds that were once part of living organisms. It also contain hydrocarbons - a compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen. Fossil fuels are fuels derived from the remains of organisms that lived long ago. (coal, petroleum, natural gas) Nuclear Energy Radioactive atoms - unstable atoms decay, emitting particles and energy from their nuclei Radiation - the alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays given off in the decaying of unstable nuclei. Nuclear fission - a reaction in which the nucleus of large atom is split into smaller nuclei. High-level wastes - radioactive wastes that emit large amounts of radiation (used uranium, fuel rods, control rods, water used to cool down and control reactions) Meltdown - the process by which a nuclear chain reaction goes out of control and melts the reactor core. Alternative Sources of Energy Solar Energy -energy from the Sun Hydroelectric energy - energy from mowing water Wind energy - windmills that are used to generate electricity are called wind turbine generators Geothermal energy - heat energy generated within the Earth Resources in the Biosphere Mineral is an inorganic, naturally occurring, solid material with a definite chemical composition, and with its atoms arranged in as specific pattern. Ores - rock or minerals that contain economically desirable metals or nonmetals Methods to extract minerals: ○ Surface mining ○ Dredging Resources in the Biosphere Soil is formed by weathering of rocks. A soil profile is a vertical cross section of soil from the ground surface down to the bedrock. It consists of mineral fragments, air, water, and organic matter. The size and amount of grains determine some soil characteristics. Soil types : clay, sandy, and loam. Soil organisms and vegetation are vital to healthy soil. Toward a Sustainable Future Conservation is a strategy to reduce the use of resources through decreased demand and increased efficiency. This includes protection and management of Earth’s remaining ecosystems. It can reduce wastes: Source reduction - lowering of the demand for a resource (reducing the amount taken from the environment) Minimizing the amount of material thrown away. Energy conservation - using energy more efficiently. Toward a Sustainable Future Recycling is reducing resource use by collecting usable waste materials and using them to produce new items. It uses less energy and generates less pollution than starting with fresh resources. Reference: Lapinski, A.H.,Schoch, R. M. & Tweed. A. (2003). Environmental Science. Scott Foresman-Addison Wesley. USA. Task #2 Pollution Infographic 1. Land Pollution (Solid wastes, hazardous wastes, topsoil erosion, controlling pollution on land) 2. Water (uses of water -residential, industrial, agricultural, water resources -surface water, aquifers, water treatment) 3. Water Pollution (the water pollution problem - sewage and pathogens, chemical pollutants -eutrophication, controlling water pollution 4. Air Pollution (the air pollution problem -pollutants, effects on human health and plants and animals, global effect -acid precipitation, ozone depletion, controlling air pollution) Thank you! :)