Introduction to Computer Programming PDF

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER PROGRAMMING OUTLINE 2A - 2B KATRINA A. AZCONA | 1st Semester AY 2024-2025 2A Hardware and Software 2B Programs and Data 2A Hardware and Software Hardware refers to the computer's tangible components or delivery systems that store and run the written instructions provi...

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER PROGRAMMING OUTLINE 2A - 2B KATRINA A. AZCONA | 1st Semester AY 2024-2025 2A Hardware and Software 2B Programs and Data 2A Hardware and Software Hardware refers to the computer's tangible components or delivery systems that store and run the written instructions provided by the software. The software is the intangible part of the device that lets the user interact with the hardware and command it to perform speci c tasks. - www.techtarget.com fi Hardware Hardware Types of Computer Hardware Input devices Output devices Storage devices Internal Components Hardware Types of Computer Hardware: INPUT DEVICES Input devices are how data and instructions are entered into a computer. They allow users to communicate with the computer system and enter data. Hardware Types of Computer Hardware: OUTPUT DEVICES They show or provide processed information to users. Hardware Types of Computer Hardware: STORAGE DEVICES Storage devices are useful for storing and accessing data. Hardware Types of Computer Hardware: STORAGE DEVICES Hard Disk Drive (HDD) The HDD is used for storing data is the hard disk. It can be preinstalled in the CPU or utilized as an external device. The hard disk is a non-volatile component, which means it permanently stores data and does not wipe out when the system is shut down. The internal hard disk has a collection of stacked disks with electromagnetic surfaces that store huge chunks of data and can be accessed easily. The hard disk can store trillions of bytes of data in its system. Hardware Types of Computer Hardware: STORAGE DEVICES Hard Disk Drive (HDD) Every hard disk has a certain processing speed ranging from 4200-15000 rpm. The higher the rpm, the more the processing speed of a hard disk. Hardware Types of Computer Hardware: STORAGE DEVICES Solid-State Drive (SSD) It is a computer data storage device based on semiconductors. This non-volatile storage device depends on ash-based memory, NAND, and NOR to store and retrieve data electronically. SSDs perform the same function as traditional hard disk drives (HDD) in computers. SSDs are a popular choice for laptops, desktops, servers, and other devices because they o er faster read/write speeds, lower power consumption, and higher durability than HDDs. ff fl  Hardware Types of Computer Hardware: STORAGE DEVICES Solid State Drive (SSD) Di erent types of SSDs are “SATA”, “PCle”, “NVMe”, and “M.2”. ff Hardware Types of Computer Hardware: INTERNAL COMPONENTS The basic infrastructure of a computer system is comprised of the electronic components and pieces referred to as the internal components. These are in charge of how the computer processes information and functions. Hardware Types of Computer Hardware: INTERNAL COMPONENTS Random Access Memory (RAM) It is computer hardware that stores and processes information. The processing speed of RAM is much faster than a hard disk. RAM is a volatile device, which means it deletes all stored information when a computer system shuts down. RAM easily stores and fetches data. There are two types of RAM: DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) and SRAM (Static Random Access Memory). The use of SRAM is in the cache memory of the CPU. In comparison, DRAM is used mostly in modern computers. Hardware Types of Computer Hardware: INTERNAL COMPONENTS Dynamc Random Access Memory (DRAM) Hardware Types of Computer Hardware: INTERNAL COMPONENTS Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) Hardware Types of Computer Hardware: INTERNAL COMPONENTS Central Processing Unit (CPU) It is the core hardware of the computer system, which interprets and executes most of the commands using other computer parts. The CPU executes every operation of the computer system. The CPU connects the other hardware components, including the monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, and sound system. Hardware Types of Computer Hardware: INTERNAL COMPONENTS Central Processing Unit (CPU) It comprises a computer chip with billions of small transistors installed on the CPU. These transistors perform all the calculations of the computer system. Hardware Types of Computer Hardware: INTERNAL COMPONENTS Motherboard The motherboard is a central printed circuit board (PCB) that connects various components directly or indirectly. It is the backbone of the computer system. It enables electrical and logical channels for communication and data transfer between the CPU, RAM, storage devices, expansion cards, and other computer hardware components. Hardware Types of Computer Hardware: INTERNAL COMPONENTS Motherboard Hardware Types of Computer Hardware: INTERNAL COMPONENTS Motherboard Software Types of Computer Software: System software Application software Software Types of Computer Software: SYSTEM SOFTWARE System software is the software that maintains and controls the basic functions of a computer system. It serves as a bridge between the user and the hardware, ensuring the computer runs smoothly. Operating Systems: An OS, or operating system, is the essential software that controls the resources of computer hardware and applications. Software Types of Computer Software: SYSTEM SOFTWARE Software Types of Computer Software: SYSTEM SOFTWARE System software is the software that maintains and controls the basic functions of a computer system. It serves as a bridge between the user and the hardware, ensuring the computer runs smoothly. Device Drivers: Device drivers are software elements that help the operating system, and other linked hardware devices communicate with one another. Software Types of Computer Software: SYSTEM SOFTWARE Software Types of Computer Software: SYSTEM SOFTWARE System software is the software that maintains and controls the basic functions of a computer system. It serves as a bridge between the user and the hardware, ensuring the computer runs smoothly. Utility Software: They are software applications created to perform particular tasks to enhance system performance or o er extra features. ff Software Types of Computer Software: SYSTEM SOFTWARE Software Types of Computer Software: APPLICATION SOFTWARE Application software refers to programs and software applications executing certain tasks or giving end users features. These programs are made to satisfy users' requirements in various areas, including communication, creativity, entertainment, and productivity. Productivity Software: project management tools, word processors, spreadsheets, and presentation software programs are all examples of productivity software. Users might also create, edit, and control les, spreadsheets, presentations, and work-related activities with those tools. fi Software Types of Computer Software: APPLICATION SOFTWARE Software Types of Computer Software: APPLICATION SOFTWARE Application software refers to programs and software applications executing certain tasks or giving end users features. These programs are made to satisfy users' requirements in various areas, including communication, creativity, entertainment, and productivity. Creative Software: 3-D modeling programs, photograph- and video- editing programs, image design tools, and music-production software are all examples of creative software. Users can express their creativity and produce digital material because of these programs. Software Types of Computer Software: APPLICATION SOFTWARE Software Types of Computer Software: APPLICATION SOFTWARE Application software refers to programs and software applications executing certain tasks or giving end users features. These programs are made to satisfy users' requirements in various areas, including communication, creativity, entertainment, and productivity. Entertainment Software: Video games, multimedia players, and streaming programs are examples of entertainment software. These programs allow users to participate in engaging, entertaining, and recreational activities. Software Types of Computer Software: APPLICATION SOFTWARE Software Types of Computer Software: APPLICATION SOFTWARE Application software refers to programs and software applications executing certain tasks or giving end users features. These programs are made to satisfy users' requirements in various areas, including communication, creativity, entertainment, and productivity. Communication Software: Email clients, instant messaging programs, video conferencing tools, and web browsers are all examples of communication software. These programs allow users to connect, work together, and access internet resources. Software Types of Computer Software: APPLICATION SOFTWARE 2B Programs and Data Programs A program is simply a set of instructions developed by programmers in programming languages that automate, collect, manage, calculate, and analyze the processing of data and information accurately. Word processors, Game programs, Spreadsheets, Database systems, Graphics programs, Web browsers. 2B Programs and Data Data Data are information processed and stored in les or folders by computer, translated into a form that is e cient for movement or processing, and can be in the form of text documents, images, audio clips, etc. ffi fi 2B Programs and Data Program les contain the instructions and data required for a computer program to run. They typically have le extensions like.exe (executable),.dll (dynamic-link library),.jar (Java Archive), or.py (Python script), depending on the programming language used. These les store the code that de nes the behavior and functionality of the program. - https://www.lenovo.com/ph/en/glossary/program- les/ fi fi fi fi fi 2B Programs and Data Program vs Data Program Data Programs are collection of software Data are information stored in computer instructions understandable by CPU. hard disc. Programs goes to CPU, then according Data does not go into CPU as instructions, to these instructions CPU take decision instead used by programs to execute regarding which pins on CPU are certain processes. turned on or o. It is used to help organization in e ectively It is used to provide expected output determining cause of problems that whenever executed by computer. occurred. Programs helps in decision making Data does not help in any decision making purpose. purpose. ff ff 2B Programs and Data Program vs Data Program Data Types of programs include word Types of data includes personal data, processors, game programs, graphic transactional data, web data, sensor data, programs, data base systems, etc. etc. Programs are important for computer Data are important for computer and how as it make computer active and will they perform as computer process therefore computer without program depends upon type of data. are considered dump box. Programs are not simple and hard to Data are simple and easy to understand. understand.  2B Programs and Data Program vs Data Program Data Data are used to establish baseline and Programs are used to speed up input help one to visualize relationship among and output processes in machine. what is happening in di erent locations, departments and systems. Di erent forms of data can be images, text Di erent languages of program can be documents, audio clips, software C, C++, Java, Pascal, Python, etc. programs, Boolean data, etc. ff ff ff END OF PRESENTATION SOURCES https://www.educba.com/types-of-computer-hardware/ https://www.javatpoint.com/hardware-vs-software/ https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-a-storage-device-de nition-types-examples/ https://www.lenovo.com/ph/en/glossary/program- les/ fi fi