English Vocabulary Review 2025 PDF

1. Acquaintance - Definition: A person one knows slightly, but who is not a close friend. - Synonym: Associate - Antonym: Stranger - Sentence: I ran into an old acquaintance at the coffee shop. 2. Ambition - Definition: A strong desire to achieve something, typically requiring determination and har...

1. Acquaintance - Definition: A person one knows slightly, but who is not a close friend. - Synonym: Associate - Antonym: Stranger - Sentence: I ran into an old acquaintance at the coffee shop. 2. Ambition - Definition: A strong desire to achieve something, typically requiring determination and hard work. - Synonym: Aspiration - Antonym: Apathy - Sentence: Her ambition to become a doctor motivated her to study tirelessly. 3. Conch - Definition: A large sea snail that has a spiral shell, often used as a horn or for decoration. - Synonym: Shell - Antonym: (No direct antonym) - Sentence: The children collected conchs along the beach. 4. Confidentially - Definition: In a way that is intended to be kept secret or private. - Synonym: Privately - Antonym: Publicly - Sentence: She spoke to him confidentially about her plans for the future. 5. Contour - Definition: An outline, especially one representing or bounding the shape or form of something. - Synonym: Outline - Antonym: Flatness - Sentence: The artist carefully traced the contour of the mountain. 6. Efflorescence - Definition: The state or a period of flowering; a crystalline deposit of salts that can form when water evaporates. - Synonym: Bloom - Antonym: Decay - Sentence: The garden was a beautiful efflorescence of colors in spring. 7. Effulgence - Definition: A brilliant radiance; a shining forth. - Synonym: Brightness - Antonym: Dullness - Sentence: The effulgence of the sun lit up the entire landscape. 8. Enmity - Definition: The state or feeling of being actively opposed or hostile to someone or something. - Synonym: Hostility - Antonym: Friendship - Sentence: There was a long history of enmity between the two rival factions. 9. Fledged - Definition: Having acquired the feathers necessary for flight; developed enough to be independent. - Synonym: Matured - Antonym: Unfledged - Sentence: The fledged birds took their first flight from the nest. 10. Foliage - Definition: Plant leaves, collectively. - Synonym: Leaves - Antonym: (No direct antonym) - Sentence: The dense foliage provided shade on a hot day. 11. Multitude - Definition: A large number of people or things. - Synonym: Crowd - Antonym: Few - Sentence: A multitude gathered to celebrate the festival. 12. Octave - Definition: A series of eight notes occupying the interval between (and including) two notes, one having twice or half the frequency of the other. - Synonym: Eightfold - Antonym: (No direct antonym) - Sentence: The musician played the scale in an ascending octave. 13. Omen - Definition: An event regarded as a portent of good or evil. - Synonym: Sign - Antonym: (No direct antonym) - Sentence: The dark clouds were seen as an omen of the approaching storm. 14. Sapling - Definition: A young tree, especially one with a slender trunk. - Synonym: Seedling - Antonym: Mature tree - Sentence: The gardener planted a sapling in the center of the yard. 15. Spat - Definition: A petty quarrel or argument. - Synonym: Tiff - Antonym: Agreement - Sentence: They had a brief spat over who would do the dishes. 16. Specious - Definition: Superficially plausible, but actually wrong; misleading in appearance. - Synonym: Deceptive - Antonym: Genuine - Sentence: His specious argument failed to convince anyone. 17. Strident - Definition: Loud and harsh; grating. - Synonym: Shrill - Antonym: Soft - Sentence: The strident sound of the alarm woke everyone up. 18. Clamber - Definition: To climb or move in an awkward way, typically using both hands and feet. - Synonym: Scramble - Antonym: Descend gracefully - Sentence: The children clambered over the rocks at the beach. 19. Emboss - Definition: To carve, mold, or stamp a design on a surface so that it stands out in relief. - Synonym: Engrave - Antonym: Flatten - Sentence: The artist decided to emboss her initials on the leather. 20. Envelop - Definition: To wrap up, cover, or surround completely. - Synonym: Encase - Antonym: Uncover - Sentence: The fog began to envelop the valley as night fell. 21. Persist - Definition: To continue firmly in a course of action despite difficulty or opposition. - Synonym: Persevere - Antonym: Give up - Sentence: She decided to persist in her studies despite the challenges. 22. Trot - Definition: To run at a moderate pace, faster than a walk but slower than a gallop. - Synonym: Jog - Antonym: Walk slowly - Sentence: The horse began to trot along the path. 23. Upheaval - Definition: A violent or sudden change or disruption to something. - Synonym: Turmoil - Antonym: Stability - Sentence: The political upheaval led to significant changes in the government. 24. Decorous - Definition: In keeping with good taste and propriety; polite and restrained. - Synonym: Proper - Antonym: Indecorous - Sentence: The decorous behavior of the guests impressed the hosts. 25. Incredulous - Definition: Unwilling or unable to believe something. - Synonym: Skeptical - Antonym: Believing - Sentence: She gave him an incredulous look when he told her the news. 26. Immured - Definition: Enclosed or confined against one's will. - Synonym: Imprisoned - Antonym: Freed - Sentence: The ancient prisoners were immured in a dark dungeon. 27. Indignation - Definition: Anger or annoyance provoked by what is perceived as unfair treatment. - Synonym: Resentment - Antonym: Contentment - Sentence: She expressed her indignation at the unfair decision. 28. Pallidly - Definition: In a way that is pale, typically due to poor health. - Synonym: Pale - Antonym: Rosily - Sentence: He looked pallidly after spending days indoors. 29. Proffer - Definition: To hold out something to someone for acceptance; offer. - Synonym: Present - Antonym: Withhold - Sentence: She proffered her hand to help him up. 30. Defiles - Definition: To make foul, dirty, or unclean; to violate the sanctity of something. - Synonym: Pollute - Antonym: Purify - Sentence: The factory's waste defiles the river. Compound Sentences A compound sentence combines two or more independent clauses using coordinating conjunctions (for, and, but, or). For example, "I wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain." Complex Sentences A complex sentence has one independent clause and at least one dependent clause, introduced by subordinating conjunctions like because or although. For example, "Although it was raining, I decided to go for a walk."