Pride & Prejudice PDF

Pride & Prejudice Wrote in 1813 by Jane Austen. The story is set in Hertfordshire- Longboard, the area where they live. It’s a revolutionary book because it’s written by a woman. She obtains an enormous success, Elizabeth is a rebel that doesn’t accept the common compromise imposed...

Pride & Prejudice Wrote in 1813 by Jane Austen. The story is set in Hertfordshire- Longboard, the area where they live. It’s a revolutionary book because it’s written by a woman. She obtains an enormous success, Elizabeth is a rebel that doesn’t accept the common compromise imposed by society and declares her opinions, which is completely different from the society structure. The ending represents positive horizons for the readers. The plot Bennet family is the main family: Mr/Ms Bennet and their 5 daughters (Jane,Elizabeth, Lydia,Kitty, Mary). Their aim is to get married the rst two, the elders in the age of marriage. Charles Binguey arrives and Jane is being told he’s a good possibility for her and has a good fortune. Mr Bennet is distant and cold and wanted a son. He’s closer to Elizabeth because they have the same idea of the world. Miss Bennet is more talkative and cares about nding a match for her daughters. Charles Bingley’s friend, F. Darcy arrives. He’s arrogant, at rst he doesn’t like her but later he’s interested in Elizabeth’s mind. Their rst meeting is during a ball. Elizabeth is invited to dance but she doesn’t dance. Jane dances a couple of times with Bingley, they start a relationship. She’s very appealing and Darcy’s impressed, but he always reminds her social status. Elizabeth is not very comfortable, at ease with marriage and has other plans for the future, while her sister Jane wants to get married. Miss Bennet plots that Jane gets a u so she can stay with Bingley. Elizabeth cares for Jane, and worries about her, she’s a very distinctive person. When Jane gets better, they go to a park, Lydia asks Bingley to organise another ball. Jane is very shy and cannot fully express her feelings for Bingley, so Darcy wants to put and end to the relationship because they’re not in the same status class and he believes Jane doesn’t have feelings for him. Jane was expecting a proposal so she’s heartbroken. Darcy proposed to Elizabeth but she’s angry because she believes he’s the reason of Jane’s breakup. blinded by his pride Darcy doesn’t accept to be rejected. Mr Collins, a cousin he has a crucial role, arrives and he’s planning on marrying one of the girls. He’s short, talkative and not attractive, nice. The only pursue is to nd a woman not to nd love. fi fi Mr Collins arrives with the idea of Jane, but Miss Bennet says she’s not available because of Bingley so he offers Elizabeth instead. Elizabeth is not happy about it, she’s not in love with him. Mr Collins has a bad reaction about it and Miss Bennet falls in panic and Mr Collins believes that he has a second chance, and Elizabeth will change her mind. Miss Bennet says she will never forgive Elizabeth for not getting married, Mr Bennet intervened and says if she not willing to marry him she doesn’t have to, but doesn’t mention the absence love. Mr Collins ends marrying Charlotte, she’s Elizabeth’s best friend. Elizabeth says she’s angry because Charlotte is not in love with him and will never be, and she has no way out. Charlotte is con ned to her house and takes care of their baby, she dedicated her life for her entire lifetime. Elizabeth visits her and wants to know her truly feeling, unfortunately Charlotte is not happy, which con rms Elizabeth’s idea of marriage not being based on love. Mr Wickham refers to Elizabeth his issues with Darcy, Darcy writes a letter to Elizabeth explaining better the situation. Wickham is a villain, he wants Lydia and the father’s money, Darcy’s little sister. Elizabeth starts to develop feelings for him. They meet and she is introduced to Lydia. Elizabeth realises she’s in love with Darcy. Lady Katrin, mr Darcy’s aunt very respected by him, tries to stop Elizabeth because Mr Darcy is supposed to marry her daughter. Elizabeth expresses her feelings, after a second propose they marry. Mr Bingley returns and proposes to Jane, because Darcy’s mind is changed. The story ends with two marriages. Characteristics Both Elizabeth and Darcy overcome their pride one for her prejudice against him and the other one for his noble condition and prejudice against the lower class. The narrator third person, unobtrusive and omniscient, it always comments, wants to shape the readers opinion about his own point of view. The characters are round meaning they change. Elizabeth remains rebel, but she changes her mind about others idea, so she transforms. The text, lexis (lessico) is written re ned and high elevated words are used, however it is quite colloquial. Middle class people are the one who’s this novel is for, its aim is to entertain. Jane needs a larger audience so the writing is not to high level, and is humorous. Line 10: the inversion emphasises the great struggle of Darcy fi fi fi  Shelles Mary Shelley uses her husband’s surname, PB Shelley to obtain success, her real surname is Godwin. She was the daughter of a famous philosopher, W. Wordsworth who died early. Mary decided to create her own culture and start to write. The book is contemporary to J. Austen’s novel. She’s considered the mother of British gothic ction. Gothic ( in West Europe) is not the only genre present in Frankenstein because not all its elements are present. Gothic characteristics Gothic is architecture and a sub genre in science ction. There’s a black atmosphere, scary emotions, terri c situations and the characters composes a triangle: the hero, the heroine and the villain. The hero is the main character, he’s a good looking male positive, there’s a love connection between him and the heroine, the villain is the negative character has disgusting physical features, involving negative characteristics, wants to make a stop between the other characters. The hero ful lls his purpose to consume his love with the lady. The setting in gothic are the same, set in abandoned medieval castles or cathedral abbeys or in woods apart from cities centre. In the situation strange characters are met such as goblins or supernatural creatures. Elements in Frankenstein It’s a novel. The gothic became a literary trend, which has continued till today. The title is ‘Dr Frankenstein’, de ned by his social status belonging to the upper class, the name retails its nationality: German. Dr Frankenstein is the main character. It has a subtitle which reveals many details ‘the Modern Prometheus’. The subtitle is an innovation by M. Shelley. The story is set in Switzerland in Geneva. The monster (the creature) created by him is nameless. Dr is the creator. The Dr doesn’t say MY creature because doesn’t fell attached to it. Text p 413: it has gothic lexical words: dreary night, anxiety, agony, one in the morning. The night is emphasised to highlight the anxious atmosphere. The yellow eyes= he has failed his mission and created a catastrophe fi fi fi fi fi  Frankenstein Or the Modern Prometheus Written in 1818. Organised into three parts, which is a crucial element of the book it is as a list of Chinese boxes, several ashbacks present. This style was revolutionary at the beginning of the 19th century. In the rst section there’s R. Walton, he’s a captain of a crew, also known as Captain Walton and sends a list of letters, like an epistolary novel, to his sister Margaret Saville, who never responds. His nal destination is the North Pole, which was an extreme, dangerous situation for him and his crew. During his navigation he meets Dr Frankenstein, and saves him. The story begins with the last part of Frankenstein’s story. Second section, the narrator is Frankenstein narrating his story. From his childhood he presents Elizabeth, an orphan adopted by Frankenstein’s family, who’s like a mentor to him. They fall in love with her, about to get married. He studies medicine in Ingolstadt, by Geneva. Dedicates his time to study other branches such as electricity. (M. Shelley herself studies a lot). His biggest desire is to create a human being. Starts making experiments, he spends several hours in the laboratory, nobody else’s aware of what he’s doing. He needs the parts to compose the body, he nds them in the cemetery and obtains amniotic liquid, which is full of proteins, he can infuse life to the body through electricity. He created something but he’s terri ed by the creature, he abandons the creature, his “newborn”. Frankenstein is desperate, he refugees in Geneva. He has several nightmares. His best friend tries to cheer him up, but not even Elizabeth’s letter can help him. He’s informed that little brother died being killed. He realises that his creature did it. A girl is wrongly accused of murder. He leaves the house and goes to mountains wanting to live in solitude. One day he meets the creature, which tells him his story. Third section: the creature is the narrator. He uses the past tense as well as the other narrators, we don’t know the time gaps. The creature says that he’s sad and is rejected by other people. One day he goes to a forest meeting a family, he hides his aspect and feels the family’s love. However once they see his body they reject him, aside from the blind grandpa who teaches him to talk. He decided to leave and meets Frankenstein asking him to create another being just like him so that he can create a family and feeling loved. Frankenstein fi fi fi fl fi rejects the proposal, however he starts creating another creature. He stops doing it, but the monster arrives treating him. He receives a letter: Elizabeth is dead. Frankenstein wants to kill the creature, goes to the mountains near the North Pole and there he is saved by Walton. The story goes back to the beginning. Victor Frankenstein dies, while the monster disappears. The crew doesn’t want to follow Walton’s desire, their relationship is doomed, just like the Frankenstein- creature relationship. The disappearance is seen as an open ending, therefore Shelley could write a sequel. The subtitle Prometheus is a Greek myth. He stole the re among the gods and decides to handle it to humanity, their lives bettered. Zeus punishes him, chaining Prometheus to a rock in the Caucuses. An eagle eats some parts of his liver every night, which regenerates during the day. This is an eternal punishment. Frankenstein shares Prometheus situation. Dr F. “steals” God’s willingness and a mother’s ability of giving life. He goes beyond God, therefore he’s punished: his loved ones are killed, and he dies suffering. Shelley warns not to go beyond God. Hard times, Charles Dickens ( 1854) Charles Dickens is considered one of the fathers of British literature, known for his ability to portray social realities with vivid characters and settings. One of his most notable works, inspiration from a typical industrial city *Hard Times*, opens with Thomas Gradgrind, a strict schoolmaster and founder of a school in the ctional industrial city of Coketown. The name "Coketown" is signi cant, as it evokes the industrial reality of England through "coke," a type of coal integral to the era's factories. Gradgrind epitomizes a rigid, fact-driven philosophy. His students are taught to focus solely on tangible realities, dismissing imagination and sentiment as irrelevant. Gradgrind himself lives by this creed, instilling it in his children, Tom and Louisa. The Gradgrinds are an upper- middle-class family whose lives revolve around cold rationality rather than emotion. Gradgrind rich spends much of his free time with Mr. Bounderby, a wealthy and self-important factory owner. Together, they decide that Louisa should marry Bounderby for convenience, despite the 40- fi fi  year age gap and lack of affection. Bounderby is neither appealing nor kind, leading to a loveless and distant marriage that leaves Louisa deeply unhappy. doesn't express emotions, doesn't have a good relationship w sis Tom, Gradgrind’s son, works at Bounderby’s factory but lacks any real moral compass. He steals money from the factory and frames an innocent worker, Stephen Blackpool, for the crime. This false accusation leads to tragedy when Stephen dies, but eventually, the truth comes to light. Exposed as a thief, Tom is forced to ee Coketown in disgrace. Louisa, unable to endure her empty marriage, returns to her father, prompting Gradgrind to confront his own failings. One of the novel's most famous scenes occurs in a classroom where Gradgrind dismisses creativity and emotions in favor of factual knowledge. Sissy Jupe, was raised in a circus performer and a stark contrast to Gradgrind's ideals, represents imagination and individuality. Despite her vibrant personality, she is silenced in class, expected to conform to Gradgrind’s utilitarian worldview. Through Hard Times, Dickens critiques the dehumanizing effects of industrialization and rationalism. Gradgrind, a metaphorical factory overseer, treats his students as workers whose sole purpose is to produce measurable outcomes. His denial of imagination and personal expression symbolizes the mechanization of society. Meanwhile, Sissy embodies the opposing values of creativity and emotional richness, offering a glimmer of hope. The novel’s narrator is a third-person, obtrusive voice with clear opinions, often guiding the ↳ against Gradgrind s reader’s interpretation. This subjectivity enhances Dickens’s critique and aligns the audience with his vision, ensuring that the societal issues he highlights resonate deeply. In doing so, Dickens aims to provoke thought and inspire change in his readers. The books focuses on the importance of facts. The important of concrete things, that can be handled. They are important for Mr Grandgrid, because other things are a waste of time. He as a teacher focuses on facts rather than information, believing they are the only real truth, abolishing imagination, creation. He’s a prototype of the mentality of factory, it’s a parallelism. His “workers” are his students, he maintains the idea that they have to produce something, the nal result is a work, an object. Rationalism is based on facts not on personal beliefs. Sissi on the other side, representing creativity, she is stopped to intervene because she only fi fl has to learn knowledge in a materialistic manner. She doesn’t have the place to speak about her personal opinion. The narrator never think in terms of utility, instead thinks about personal expression, the exact contrary compared to Mr Grandgrid. The narrator is obtrusive, third person and external. We have a clear interpretation of what the narrator thinks, he’s subjective. The effect this subjective view has on the reader is to shape their perception and have an opinion. Dickens’ aim is to reach a speci c crowd. The Victorian Age The production At the beginning the production was experimental, every writer had his own style. But they have speci c characteristics such as the idea of re ecting the increasing complexity of plots/ literary world(?). The novels were entertainment and expensive. The authors were open- minded so the books were published as instalments. It was usually linearity, following the time line. The book was fragmented. The idea of excitement was increased. It created an expectation for readers. The books were structured as a Buildingsroman (novel of formation). Narrating the story from infancy to adulthood, such as Oliver Twist. The main concern is the relationship between the individuals and society. the story is set apart from city centre or in the city, they focus how individuals nd their place in society, facing situations and pass through compromises, conformism. The author feels responsible for the moral value he’s portraying and the society of the characters, his aim is realism, denouncing the injustice and inequality of society. The story is the one of a poor boy reaching a better condition. The topics are historical background. The narrator is omniscient, he’s the moral guide, becoming the instrument to analyse characters’ psychological personalities. The characters at the beginning are oppressed by destiny but then they transform, becoming more determined and transform their destiny. By doing so, the reader realises the psychology of the character is clearer when the world around becomes mechanical. fi fi fi fl