English Grammar Exercises 3 PDF

ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 0 ENGLISH-4U.DE’S GRAMMAR BOOK 3 Intermediate level (CEFR A2/B1) Table of Contents 1. Asking questions...

ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 0 ENGLISH-4U.DE’S GRAMMAR BOOK 3 Intermediate level (CEFR A2/B1) Table of Contents 1. Asking questions 1 2. Adjectives and prepositions 11 3. Conditional clauses 16 4. Future tenses 30 5. Passive voice 34 6. Reported speech 46 7. Present perfect progressive 58 8. Past perfect simple 65 9. Mixed Tenses 78 10. Word Order 89 11. Gerund or infinitive 97 12. Irregular verbs list 101 Copyright notice: Copyright © by Herwig Rothländer. All Rights Reserved. The material in this book may be used freely for any non-commercial use. You may use this book for personal, teaching and classroom use. You may give copies of this book to your friends, colleagues and students if you don’t change anything. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 1 ASKING QUESTIONS Who - asking for people and animals: subject: no do, does, did Jane opened the door. Who opened the door? Tom helped in the garden. Who helped in the garden? Who - asking for people and animals: object: do, does, did They greet their teacher. Who do they greet? He asked Mary about the burglary. Who did they ask about the burglary? What - asking for a thing: subject: no do, does, did His ankle hurt. What hurts? The flower pot fell on the floor. What fell on the floor? What - asking for things: object: do, does, did She usually wears jeans. What does she usually wear? They built a castle in the sand. What did they build in the sand? Whose - asking for the 2nd case This is Peter’s pencil. Whose pencil is this? Carol’s father was a drummer. Whose father was a drummer? When - asking for the time I saw her yesterday. When did you see her? They came home at midnight. When did they come home? Where - asking for the place He flew to Manchester. Where did he fly? He lives in a big house. Where does he live? Why - asking for a reason He stayed at home because he was ill. Why did he stay at home? They like him because he is always friendly. Why do they like him? How - asking for the manner He drove fast. How did he drive? My holidays were great. How were your holidays? © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 2 How long - asking for a period of time They stayed there for a week. How long did they stay there? He lived in London for a year. How long did he live in London? How many - asking for an exact amount In this factory work 500 people. How many people work in this factory? 50 kids were at his party. How many kids were at his party? How much - asking for not exact amount He gets 10 pounds pocket money a month. How much pocket money does he get a month? She bought three bottles of wine. How much wine did she buy? How often - asking for frequency They play tennis twice a week. How often do they play tennis? She meets him every Friday. How often does she meet him? © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 3 ASKING QUESTIONS 1 Ask for the underlined words. Form questions in the present simple. 1. The children go to the mall every week. _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. They sell 20 kilos of sugar a day. _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. He does his workout every morning. _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. The boys play football. _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. He lives in a big house. _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. The two women come from Brazil. _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. They usually work carefully. _____________________________________________________________________________ 8. The jacket is 50 dollars. _____________________________________________________________________________ 9. He likes his dog. _____________________________________________________________________________ 10. She goes to the bakery every Sunday morning. _____________________________________________________________________________ 11. They always get to the airport by taxi. _____________________________________________________________________________ 12. They go shopping once a week. _____________________________________________________________________________ © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 4 ASKING QUESTIONS 2 Ask for the underlined words. Form questions in the past simple. 1. Jane opened the door. _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. The dog ran over to the children. _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. The cat ate the fish. _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. The flower pot fell on the floor. _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. They met at the station. _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. She found Pamela's key. _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Two policemen entered the room. _____________________________________________________________________________ 8. They came late because they had caused an accident. _____________________________________________________________________________ 9. The men came a little closer. _____________________________________________________________________________ 10. His car broke down. _____________________________________________________________________________ 11. They took the children home. _____________________________________________________________________________ 12. She ate two packets of crisps. _____________________________________________________________________________ © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 5 ASKING QUESTIONS 3 Ask for the underlined words. 1. He gives Harry a nice present. _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. They have got five cats. _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. They wrote down the address. _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. They water our flowers and vegetables. _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Andy did his homework very quickly. _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. My mum pays for the ticket. _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. He kicked the ball high into the air. _____________________________________________________________________________ 8. They had cameras. _____________________________________________________________________________ 9. Frank bought an expensive car. _____________________________________________________________________________ 10. She ate an apple. _____________________________________________________________________________ 11. This flower smells good. _____________________________________________________________________________ 12. He repaired everything carefully. ________________________________________________________________________________ © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 6 ASKING QUESTIONS 4 Ask for the underlined words. 1. Tom lived in Chicago. _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. He drank some lemonade. _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. They stayed at a hotel. _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Sandra went to the hill. _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. They cut the grass. _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. The kids heard a terrifying noise. _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. The guests made an awful mess. _____________________________________________________________________________ 8. The twins watched the movie yesterday. _____________________________________________________________________________ 9. They went home because they were tired. _____________________________________________________________________________ 10. We call Mary very weekend. _____________________________________________________________________________ 11. He stays at a hotel. _____________________________________________________________________________ 12. She took the umbrella because it was raining. _____________________________________________________________________________ © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 7 ASKING QUESTIONS 5 Ask for the underlined words. 1. The students put the books into their bags. _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. She wore black jeans last Tuesday. _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Tina lives in a small village in Wales. _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. They went up 1860 steps to the top. _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. We took the elevator. _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. I get my pocket money from my dad. _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. This computer game has four levels. _____________________________________________________________________________ 8. I stayed up until twelve. _____________________________________________________________________________ 9. She copied the story. _____________________________________________________________________________ 10. He warmed his hands. _____________________________________________________________________________ 11. Tim and Susan fell in love. _____________________________________________________________________________ 12. We wrote lots of stories for her. _____________________________________________________________________________ © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 8 ASKING QUESTIONS 6 Ask for the underlined words. 1. He made a big mistake. _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. They danced till the morning. _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. It began three years ago. _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. He dropped the cup on the floor. _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. The lesson passed quickly. _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. He ran across the street. _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. She said it very politely. _____________________________________________________________________________ 8. I spent my holidays in Switzerland. _____________________________________________________________________________ 9. I play three times a week. _____________________________________________________________________________ 10. My brother teaches me a lot. _____________________________________________________________________________ 11. They gave up on Monday. _____________________________________________________________________________ 12. They started the climb on Sunday morning. _____________________________________________________________________________ © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 9 ASKING QUESTIONS 1 1. Who goes to the mall every week? 2. How many kilos of sugar a day do they sell? 3. What does he do every morning? 4. Who plays football? 5. Where does he live? 6. Who comes from Brazil? 7. How do they usually work? 8. How much is the jacket? 9. Who does he like? 10. Where does she go every Sunday morning? 11. How do they always get to the airport? 12. How often do they go shopping? ASKING QUESTIONS 2 1. Who opened the door? 2. Where did the dog run? 3. What did the cat eat? 4. What fell on the floor? 5. Where did they meet? 6. Whose key did she find? 7. What did two policemen enter? 8. Why did they come late? 9. Who came a little closer? 10. What broke down? 11. Who did they take home? 12. How many packets of crisps did she eat? ASKING QUESTIONS 3 1. Who does he give a nice present? 2. How many cats have they got? 3. What did they write down? 4. What do they water? 5. How did Andy do his homework? 6. Who pays for the ticket? 7. Where did he kick the ball? 8. What did they have? 9. Who bought an expensive car? 10. What did she eat? 11. How does this flower smell? 12. How did he repair everything? © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 10 ASKING QUESTIONS 4 1. Where did Tom live? 2. What did he drink? 3. Where did they stay? 4. Where did he go? 5. What did they cut? 6. What did the kids hear? 7. What did they make? 8. When did the twins watch the movie? 9. Why did they go home? 10. Who do you call very weekend? 11. Where does he stay? 12. Why did she take the umbrella? ASKING QUESTIONS 5 1. Where did the students put their books? 2. When did she wear black jeans? 3. Where does Tina live in Wales? 4. How many steps did they go up to the top? 5. What did you take? 6. What do you get from your dad? 7. What does this computer game have? 8. How long did you stay up? 9. What did she copy? 10. What did he warm? 11. Who fell in love? 12. What did you write for her? ASKING QUESTIONS 6 1. Who made a big mistake? 2. How long did they dance? 3. When did it begin? 4. Where did he drop the cup? 5. How did the lesson pass? 6. Where did he run? 7. How did she say it? 8. Where did you spend your holidays? 9. How often do you play? 10. Who teaches you a lot? 11. When did they give up? 12. What did they start on Sunday morning? © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 11 ADJECTIVES WITH PREPOSITIONS nice / kind / good / stupid / silly / intelligent / clever / sensible / (im)polite / rude / unreasonable OF someone (to do something) Examples: Thank you it was very nice / kind of you to help me. It's stupid of her to go out without a coat. nice / kind / good / (im)polite / rude / (un)pleasant / (un)friendly / cruel TO someone Examples: She has always been very nice / kind to me. Why are you so rude / unfriendly to Ann? angry / furious ABOUT something // WITH someone FOR something Examples: Why are you so angry about it? They were furious with me for not inviting them to my party. pleased / disappointed / satisfied WITH something Examples: I was pleased with the present you gave me. Were you disappointed with your examination results? bored / fed up WITH something Example: You get bored / fed up with doing the same thing every day. surprised / shocked / amazed / astonished AT / BY something Example: Everyone was surprised by /at the news. excited / worried / upset ABOUT something Example: Are you excited about going on holiday next week? afraid / scared / frightened / terrified OF someone / something Example: Are you afraid of dogs? proud / ashamed OF someone / something Example: I'm not ashamed of what I did. good / bad / excellent / brilliant / hopeless AT (doing) something Example: I'm not very good at repairing things. married TO someone Example: Linda is married to an American. sorry ABOUT something Example: I'm sorry about the noise last night. sorry FOR doing something Example: I'm sorry for shouting at you yesterday. be / feel sorry FOR someone Example: I feel sorry for George. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 12 famous FOR something Example: Florence is famous for its art treasures. responsible FOR something Example: Who was responsible for this noise last night? interested IN something Example: Are you interested in art? fond OF something / someone Example: Mary is fond of animals. full OF something Example: The letter was full of mistakes. short OF something Example: I'm a bit short of money. keen ON something Example: We stayed at home because Mary wasn't very keen on going out in the rain. similar TO something Example: Your writing is similar to mine. crowded WITH (people...) Example: The trains in the morning are usually very crowded with students. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 13 ADJECTIVES WITH PREPOSITIONS 1 Complete with the correct prepositions. Fill in for, of, to, about or at. 1. She is brilliant ______________ repairing things. 2. She is nice, but I don´t want to get married ______________ her. 3. It’s very nice ______________ you to lend me your car. 4. He is married ______________ his best friend’s sister. 5. Why are you always so rude ______________ your parents? 6. It wasn´t very polite ______________ him to leave without saying thank you. 7. I can´t understand people who are cruel ______________ animals. 8. I have to stop to talk to you. I’m a bit short ______________ time. 9. She is excellent ______________ skiing. 10. Your shoes are similar ______________ mine, but they are not exactly the same. 11. We´ve got enough to eat. The fridge is full ______________ food. 12. I felt sorry ______________ the children because it rained every day. 13. He said he was sorry ______________ the situation, but there was nothing he could do. 14. She is bad ______________ surfing. 15. Our house is similar ______________ theirs. 16. I feel sorry ______________ him because it wasn’t his fault. 17. It would be clever ______________ you to learn more. 18. France is also very famous ______________ its wine. 19. The streets were crowded ______________ people. 20. She was very upset ______________ not being invited to the party. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 14 ADJECTIVES WITH PREPOSITIONS 2 Complete with the correct prepositions. Fill in by, for, of, with, on or in. 1. She is very terrified ______________ spiders. 2. We enjoyed our holidays, but we were disappointed ______________ our hotel. 3. I was surprised ______________ the way he behaved. 4. He is very fond ______________ animals. 5. She doesn´t often go out in the night because she´s afraid ______________ the dark. 6. I learn Spanish, but I´m not very satisfied ______________ my progress. 7. I’ve never seen so many people before. I’m astonished ______________ the crowds. 8. Are you afraid ______________ him? 9. I don’t feel sorry ______________ her because her problems are her own fault. 10. He is responsible ______________ what appears in his newspaper. 11. He wasn’t very keen ______________ going to the cinema. 12. I’m angry ______________ him for telling lies about me. 13. I think they were not interested ______________ what I was saying. 14. The police are responsible ______________ maintaining law and order. 15. We are short ______________ workers in our factory at the moment. 16. It would be clever ______________ you to learn more. 17. Are you interested ______________ football? 18. He always waits outside because he is frightened ______________ our dog. 19. She is furious ______________ him for not watering the flowers. 20. It would be stupid ______________ him to go out without a coat because it is cold outside. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 15 ADJECTIVES WITH PREPOSITIONS 1 1. She is brilliant at repairing things. 2. She is nice, but I don´t want to get married to her. 3. It’s very nice of you to lend me your car. 4. He is married to his best friend’s sister. 5. Why are you always so rude to your parents? 6. It wasn´t very polite of him to leave without saying thank you. 7. I can´t understand people who are cruel to animals. 8. I have to stop to talk to you. I’m a bit short of time. 9. She is excellent at skiing. 10. Your shoes are similar to mine, but they are not exactly the same. 11. We´ve got enough to eat. The fridge is full of food. 12. I felt sorry for the children because it rained every day. 13. He said he was sorry about the situation but there was nothing he could do. 14. She is bad at surfing. 15. Our house is similar to theirs. 16. I feel sorry for him because it wasn’t his fault. 17. It would be clever of you to learn more. 18. France is also very famous for its wine. 19. The streets were crowded with people. 20. She was very upset for not being invited to the party. ADJECTIVES WITH PREPOSITIONS 2 1. She is very terrified of spiders. 2. We enjoyed our holidays, but we were disappointed with our hotel. 3. I was surprised by the way he behaved. 4. He is very fond of animals. 5. She doesn´t often go out in the night because she´s afraid of the dark. 6. I learn Spanish, but I´m not very satisfied with my progress. 7. I’ve never seen so many people before. I’m astonished by the crowds. 8. Are you afraid of him? 9. I don’t feel sorry for her because her problems are her own fault. 10. He is responsible for what appears in his newspaper. 11. He wasn’t very keen on going to the cinema. 12. I’m angry with him for telling lies about me. 13. I think they were not interested in what I was saying. 14. The police are responsible for maintaining law and order. 15. We are short of workers in our factory at the moment. 16. It would be clever of you to learn more. 17. Are you interested in football? 18. He always waits outside because he is frightened of our dog. 19. She is furious with him for not watering the flowers. 20. It would be stupid of him to go out without a coat because it is cold outside. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 16 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES How to form and use Conditional clauses are also called conditional sentences or if sentences. They always have two parts, a main clause and an if-clause. These two parts are closely connected. The action in the main part can only happen if a certain condition is taking place. This condition has to be expressed in the if-clause. Example: If he comes to my party, I will be happy. The condition is "If he comes to my party" and the consequence of this condition is "I will be happy". You can start a conditional clause with the main clause or the if-clause: If I have a problem, Susan always helps me. or Susan always helps me if I have a problem. Zero Conditional The zero conditional is used with general statements, actions that are certainly happening and facts. We use it with things that are true. The present tense is used in both clauses. If there is a problem, I can always talk to Carol. Present Tense ------ Present Tense First Conditional - type I It's possible that something will happen. We use the Conditional I to talk about future situations that are realistic to happen. We use the present tense in the if-clause and the will-future in the main clause. Colin is an intelligent boy. It is April 15th. The exam is on April 23rd. He has enough time to learn for the exam - he can pass it. If he studies, he will pass the exam on April 23rd. Present Tense ------ Will Future Second Conditional - type II It's possible, but not very probable. We use the Conditional II to talk about future situations that are unreal or nearly impossible to happen. We use the past tense in the if-clause and conditional present in the main clause. Colin didn't learn. He played football. It's April 22nd. Tomorrow is the exam. It is possible, but not very probable that he will pass the exam. If he studied, he would pass the exam. Past Tense ------ Conditional Present (would + infinitive) © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 17 Third Conditional - type III It didn't happen and it is impossible now. We use the Conditional III to talk about past situations that didn't happen. We use the past perfect tense in the if-clause and the conditional perfect in the main clause. It's April 23rd. Colin didn't pass the exam. If he had learned, he would have passed the exam. Past Perfect ------ Conditional Perfect (would + have + 3rd form) Using commas in conditional sentences When the condition is at the beginning of the sentence, you have to separate it from the main clause with a comma. If the condition is at the back of the sentence, you don't use a comma. Examples: If he comes to my party, I'll be happy. I'll be happy if he comes to my party. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 18 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 1 Complete with the zero or first conditional. 1. If you don’t tell her the truth, she __________________________ angry with you! (be) 2. Soap __________________________ if you leave it in water. (dissolve) 3. If he rings the bell, the receptionist __________________________. (come) 4. If I study more, I __________________________ the exam. (pass) 5. Plants die if you __________________________ them. (not water) 6. He __________________________ it if she explains the situation to him. (understand) 7. Milk __________________________ off if you don’t keep it in a cool place. (go) 8. Ask the teacher if you __________________________. (not understand) 9. If they offer me a job, I __________________________ it. (take) 10. I will have to invite Bob if I __________________________ Linda. (invite) 11. I __________________________ if you want to use the car. (not mind) 12. If Jack meets Tom, he __________________________ him the truth. (tell) 13. If Ella has enough money, she __________________________ a new car. (buy) 14. Children __________________________ upset if they’re being bullied. (get) 15. Stamps can be good fun if you __________________________ collecting things. (enjoy) 16. What will Charlie do if he __________________________ the job? (not get) 17. It can be hard to access the web if you __________________________ a PC at home. (not have) 18. The heater __________________________ on if you press this switch. (come) 19. If you __________________________ to understand the text, you have to learn the new words. (want) 20. If you are going out, __________________________ me know. (let) © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 19 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 2 Complete with the first conditional. 1. If I __________________________ enough money, I will buy a new skateboard. (have) 2. If you help your mother, she __________________________ very happy. (be) 3. If Mary __________________________ in the kitchen, she will get more pocket money. (help) 4. She will be angry if you __________________________ the truth. (not tell) 5. You will have to walk if you __________________________ the bus. (miss) 6. If Tom is at home, he __________________________ TV. (watch) 7. The baby __________________________ if you are quiet. (sleep) 8. If he is in San Francisco, he __________________________ the Golden Gate Bridge. (see) 9. He __________________________ to the doctor's if he doesn't feel well tomorrow. (go) 10. If he __________________________ his car, he won't get much money for it. (sell) 11. I __________________________ to the USA if I have enough money. (travel) 12. If they __________________________ a car, they will drive to Italy. (buy) 13. If I work harder, I __________________________ the exam. (pass) 14. We __________________________ good marks if we don't learn. (not get) 15. If he tells me the truth, I __________________________ glad. (be) 16. I will travel to the USA if I __________________________ enough money. (have) 17. If I’m offered the job, I think I __________________________ it. (take) 18. If she __________________________ up early, she will catch the bus. (get) 19. If I hear burglars, I __________________________ the police. (call) 20. We will go swimming if it __________________________ warm enough. (be) © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 20 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 3 Complete with the second conditional. 1. If she __________________________ (be) hungry, she would eat something. 2. If he studied, he __________________________ (pass) the exam. 3. I __________________________ (send) you a postcard if I had your address. 4. What __________________________ (happen) if you didn´t go to work tomorrow? 5. She would be terribly upset if I __________________________ (lose) her ring. 6. Many people would be out of work if the factory __________________________ (close). 7. That box __________________________ (look) better if you painted it blue. 8. If he offered me a job, I __________________________ (take) it. 9. If we __________________________ (eat) too much, we would get fat. 10. What would you do if you __________________________ (be) the president of your country? 11. If he hurried, he __________________________ (catch) the train. 12. If he __________________________ (be) here, we would play cards. 13. I __________________________ (tell) you if you asked me. 14. If he __________________________ (ring) the bell, the waiter would come. 15. If you paid him well, he __________________________ (come). 16. We would go for a walk if it __________________________ (be) warmer. 17. If Mary helped in the kitchen, she __________________________ (get) more pocket money. 18. If I were you, I __________________________ (start) now. 19. He would buy that house if he __________________________ (have) some money. 20. If you studied harder, you __________________________ (write) a good test. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 21 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 4 Complete with the first or second conditional. 1. If he __________________________ (have) time, he will come. 2. If I __________________________ (be) you, I wouldn’t do that. 3. I __________________________ (go) to see him if he has time. 4. If you __________________________ (come), you would see her. 5. If he doesn’t go back now, he __________________________ (be) late. 6. If Charles __________________________ (ask) me, I would lend him my tools. 7. What will you do if you __________________________ (lose) the way? 8. They would be glad if the rain __________________________ (stop) soon. 9. If you asked us, we __________________________ (help) you. 10. I __________________________ (go) to the cinema if I had more time. 11. I will call her if I __________________________ (find out) her number. 12. If they __________________________ (be) rich, they would stay in a more expensive hotel. 13. She __________________________ (feel) ill if she eats so much. 14. If you helped her in the garden, she __________________________ (be) happy. 15. If he skis too fast, he __________________________ (break) his leg. 16. What will John do if he __________________________ (not get) the job? 17. They would get drunk if they __________________________ (drink) too much beer. 18. If I __________________________ (invite) Linda, I will have to invite Bob. 19. If I had some money, I __________________________ (buy) a new car. 20. You will get wet if you __________________________ (not take) an umbrella. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 22 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 5 Complete with the first or second conditional. 1. He __________________________ (cause) an accident if he drives too dangerously. 2. If you steal the purse, they __________________________ (arrest) you. 3. I __________________________ (tell) you if you asked me. 4. If she __________________________ (explain) him the situation, he will understand it. 5. I won't visit him if he __________________________ (be) angry. 6. He would go to the cinema if he __________________________ (have) more time. 7. If I find the book, I __________________________ (send) it. 8. If I __________________________ (be) at home, I will learn my words. 9. They __________________________ (feel) better if they took their medicine. 10. If you close the door, nobody __________________________ (see) you. 11. If Sam __________________________ (have) a hammer, he will lend it to me. 12. Susan will help you if she __________________________ (get) more pocket money. 13. If we go to London, we __________________________ (see) the Tower. 14. He __________________________ (wash) his hands if you give him some soap. 15. If it __________________________ (stop) raining, we would play tennis. 16. If she had enough money, she __________________________ (buy) a new car. 17. I will pass the exam if I __________________________ (work) harder. 18. If Nelly rode her bike more carefully, she __________________________ (have) fewer accidents. 19. If Mr Jones __________________________ (watch) the news every evening, he would know more about politics. 20. If she sets the alarm clock, she ____________________________ (not oversleep). © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 23 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 6 Complete with the third conditional. 1. Alexander ____________________________ to her if he had met her. (talk) 2. If I ____________________________ at home, I would have watched the movie. (be) 3. If Jack had come to my party, I ____________________________ with him. (dance) 4. They ____________________________ got lost if they had read the map properly. (not have) 5. I’m sure he ____________________________ his watch, if he had looked for it more carefully. (find) 6. If we had been in San Francisco, we ___________________________ the Golden Gate Bridge. (pass) 7. She wouldn’t have been hungry if she ____________________________ her dinner. (eat) 8. If you ____________________________ Harry, we would have been happy. (marry) 9. If my dad ____________________________ his car to you, you’d have got a bargain. (sell) 10. Chloe __________________________ that exam easily if she had attended every lesson. (pass) 11. We ____________________________ to the beach if it had been sunny yesterday. (go) 12. If I had told you about Chantal, you ____________________________ me. (not believe) 13. If I ___________________________ the doctor, she would’ve advised me on what to do. (ask) 14. If I had lent you my lawnmower, you ____________________________ it. (break) 15. I ____________________________ in if I had watched that boring show. (sleep) 16. I ____________________________ shopping in charity shops if I had won the lottery. (not be) 17. If Zoe ____________________________ some money, she would’ve handed it in. (find) 18. If Bill ____________________________ a taxi, he would have been there by now. (take) 19. I ____________________________ Hyde Park if I had gone on the trip to London. (visit) 20. If he ____________________________ his book at school, he might have passed the exam. (not forget) © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 24 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 7 Complete with the first, second or third conditional. 1. If Mr Brown __________________________ (sell) his car last year, he would have got more money for it. 2. If Susan takes her driving lessons regularly, she __________________________ (pass) her driving test. 3. If Charlie __________________________ (not stop) eating these green apples, he’ll soon feel sick. 4. If you had told me the truth, I __________________________ (help) you. 5. If old Mrs White heard a strange noise, she __________________________ (call) the police. 6. If I __________________________ (have) good luck, I would have won the first prize. 7. If I __________________________ (be) you, I would throw away all this old junk. 8. If I got the earlier bus, I __________________________ (can) come home at 5 o’clock. 9. If mother __________________________ (make) apple pie, I’ll give you a piece. 10. If Peter __________________________ (not leave) earlier, he would miss the bus. 11. If we missed the train, we __________________________ (take) a taxi. 12. If he __________________________ (win) a lot of money, he will fly to Paris. 13. If she is ill, she __________________________ (not come) to our party. 14. We __________________________ (play) tennis if it stopped raining. 15. I __________________________ (phone) her if I knew her number. 16. If they were rich, they __________________________ (stay) at a hotel. 17. I would have been glad if he __________________________ (visit) me in hospital. 18. I would pass the exam if I __________________________ (learn) harder. 19. If the company __________________________ (close), it would be hard for me to find a job. 20. If we had gone to London, we __________________________ (see) the Tower. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 25 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 8 Complete with the first, second or third conditional. 1. If I ______________________________ (eat) your chocolates, I would have felt a bit guilty. 2. She can go early on Fridays if she _______________________ (ask) her manager’s permission. 3. If he had offered me the job, I __________________________ (take) it. 4. If I __________________________ (have) some money, I will buy a new car. 5. If you damage my car, I ___________________________ (be) really annoyed. 6. If he __________________________ (drive) more carefully, he would not cause an accident. 7. We won’t stay indoors if the weather __________________________ (be) fine. 8. She would feel better if she __________________________ (eat) less. 9. If the computer _________________________ (crash), you would lose all your unsaved work. 10. If it __________________________ (rain), I don’t have to water the flowers. 11. She __________________________ (give) you an answer if you had asked her more politely. 12. If he won a lot of money, he __________________________ (fly) to Paris. 13. If you had asked me, I __________________________ (tell) you. 14. If I am at home, I __________________________ (watch) the movie. 15. If I __________________________ (be) you, I would start learning now. 16. If Jack meets Tom, he __________________________ (tell) him the truth. 17. His sister would have been glad if you __________________________ (phone) her. 18. The Millers __________________________ (move) to the seaside if they had had children. 19. If Jack __________________________ (come) to my party, I would have danced with him. 20. If she __________________________ (meet) him, she will talk to him. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 26 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 1 1. If you don’t tell her the truth, she is angry with you! 2. Soap dissolves if you leave it in water. 3. If he rings the bell, the receptionist will come. 4. If I study more, I will pass the exam. 5. Plants die if you don’t water them. 6. He will understand it if she explains him the situation. 7. Milk goes off if you don’t keep it in a cool place. 8. Ask the teacher if you don’t understand. 9. If they offer me a job, I will take it. 10. I will have to invite Bob if I invite Linda. 11. I don’t mind if you want to use the car. 12. If Jack meets Tom, he will tell him the truth. 13. If Ella has enough money, she will buy a new car. 14. Children get upset if they’re being bullied. 15. Stamps can be good fun if you enjoy collecting things. 16. What will Charlie do if he does not get (doesn’t get) the job? 17. It can be hard to access the web if you don’t have a PC at home. 18. The heater comes on if you press this switch. 19. If you want to understand the text, you have to learn the new words. 20. If you are going out, let me know. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 2 1. If I have enough money, I will buy a new skateboard. 2. If you help your mother, she will be very happy. 3. If Mary helps in the kitchen, she will get more pocket money. 4. She will be angry if you do not tell / don’t tell the truth. 5. You will have to walk if you miss the bus. 6. If Tom is at home, he will watch TV. 7. The baby will sleep if you are quiet. 8. If he is in San Francisco, he will see Golden Gate Bridge. 9. He will go to the doctor's if he doesn't feel well tomorrow. 10. If he sells his car, he won't get much money for it. 11. I will travel to the USA if I have enough money. 12. If they buy a car, they will drive to Italy. 13. If I work harder, I will pass the exam. 14. We will not get / won’t get good marks if we don't learn. 15. If he tells me the truth, I will be glad. 16. I will travel to the USA if I have enough money. 17. If I’m offered the job, I think I will take it. 18. If she gets up early, she will catch the bus. 19. If I hear burglars, I will call the police. 20. We will go swimming if it is warm enough. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 27 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 3 1. If she was hungry, she would eat something. 2. If he studied, he would pass the exam. 3. I would send you a postcard if I had your address. 4. What would happen if you didn´t go to work tomorrow? 5. She would be terribly upset if I lost her ring. 6. Many people would be out of work if the factory closed. 7. That box would look better if you painted it blue. 8. If he offered me a job, I would take it. 9. If we ate too much, we would get fat. 10. What would you do if you were the president of your country? 11. If he hurried, he would catch the train. 12. If he was here, we would play cards. 13. I would tell you if you asked me. 14. If he rang the bell, the waiter would come. 15. If you paid him well, he would come. 16. We would go for a walk, if it was warmer. 17. If Mary helped in the kitchen, she would get more pocket money. 18. If I were you, I would start now. 19. He would buy that house if he had some money. 20. If you studied harder, you would write a good test. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 4 1. If he has time, he will come. 2. If I were you, I wouldn’t do that. 3. I will go to see him if he has time. 4. If you came, you would see her. 5. If he doesn’t go back now, he will be late. 6. If Charles asked me, I would lend him my tools. 7. What will you do if you lose the way? 8. They would be glad if the rain stopped soon. 9. If you asked us, we would help you. 10. I would go to the cinema if I had more time. 11. I will call her if I find out her number. 12. If they were rich, they would stay in a more expensive hotel. 13. She will feel ill if she eats so much. 14. If you helped her in the garden, she would be happy. 15. If he skis too fast, he will break his leg. 16. What will John do if he does not get the job? 17. They would get drunk if they drank too much beer. 18. If I invite Linda, I will have to invite Bob. 19. If I had some money, I would buy a new car. 20. You will get wet if you don’t take an umbrella. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 28 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 5 1. He will cause an accident if he drives too dangerously. 2. If you steal the purse, they will arrest you. 3. I would tell you if you asked me. 4. If she explains him the situation, he will understand it. 5. I won't visit him if he is angry. 6. He would go to the cinema if he had more time. 7. If I find the book, I will send it. 8. If I am at home, I will learn my words. 9. They would feel better if they took their medicine. 10. If you close the door, nobody will see you. 11. If Sam has a hammer, he will lend it to me. 12. Susan will help you if she gets more pocket money. 13. If we go to London, we will see the Tower. 14. He will wash his hands if you give him some soap. 15. If it stopped raining, we would play tennis. 16. If she had enough money, she would buy a new car. 17. I will pass the exam if I work harder. 18. If Nelly rode her bike more carefully, she would have fewer accidents. 19. If Mr Jones watched the news every evening, he would know more about politics. 20. If she sets the alarm clock, she will not oversleep. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 6 1. Alexander would have talked to her if he had met her. 2. If I had been at home, I would have watched the movie. 3. If Jack had come to my party, I would have danced with him. 4. They wouldn’t have got lost if they had read the map properly. 5. I’m sure he would have found his watch, if he had looked for it more carefully. 6. If we had been in San Francisco, we would have passed the Golden Gate Bridge. 7. She wouldn’t have been hungry if she had eaten her dinner. 8. If you had married Harry, we would have been happy. 9. If my dad had sold his car to you, you’d have got a bargain. 10. Chloe would have passed that exam easily if she had attended every lesson. 11. We would’ve gone to the beach if it had been sunny yesterday. 12. If I had told you about Chantal, you wouldn’t have believed me. 13. If I had asked the doctor, she would’ve advised me on what to do. 14. If I had lent you my lawnmower, you would have broken it. 15. I would have slept in if I had watched that boring show. 16. I wouldn’t have been shopping in charity shops if I had won the lottery. 17. If Zoe had found some money, she would’ve handed it in. 18. If Bill had taken a taxi, he would have been there by now. 19. I would’ve visited Hyde Park if I had gone on the trip to London. 20. If he hadn’t forgotten his book at school, he might have passed the exam. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 29 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 7 1. If Mr Brown had sold his car last year, he would have got more money for it. 2. If Susan takes her driving lessons regularly, she will pass her driving test. 3. If Charlie does not stop eating these green apples, he’ll soon feel sick. 4. If you had told me the truth, I would have helped you. 5. If old Mrs White heard a strange noise, she would call the police. 6. If I had had good luck, I would have won the first prize. 7. If I were / was you, I would throw away all this old junk. 8. If I got the earlier bus, I would be able to / could come home at 5 o’clock. 9. If mother makes apple pie, I’ll give you a piece. 10. If Peter did not leave earlier, he would miss the bus. 11. If we missed the train, we would take a taxi. 12. If he wins a lot of money, he will fly to Paris. 13. If she is ill, she will not come to our party. 14. We would play tennis if it stopped raining. 15. I would phone her if I knew her number. 16. If they were rich, they would stay at a hotel. 17. I would have been glad if he had visited me in hospital. 18. I would pass the exam if I learned harder. 19. If the company closed, it would be hard for me to find a job. 20. If we had gone to London, we would have seen the Tower. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 8 1. If I had eaten your chocolates, I would have felt a bit guilty. 2. She can go early on Fridays if she asks her manager’s permission. 3. If he had offered me the job, I would have taken it. 4. If I have some money, I will buy a new car. 5. If you damage my car, I will be really annoyed. 6. If he drove more carefully, he would not cause an accident. 7. We won’t stay indoors if the weather is fine. 8. She would feel better if she ate less. 9. If the computer crashed, you would lose all your unsaved work. 10. If it rains, I don’t have to water the flowers. 11. She would have given you an answer if you had asked her more politely. 12. If he won a lot of money, he would fly to Paris. 13. If you had asked me, I would have told you. 14. If I am at home, I will watch the movie. 15. If I was / were you, I would start learning now. 16. If Jack meets Tom, he will tell him the truth. 17. His sister would have been glad if you had phoned her. 18. The Millers would have moved to the seaside if they had had children. 19. If Jack had come to my party, I would have danced with him. 20. If she meets him, she will talk to him. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 30 FUTURE TENSES There are four different ways in English to talk about the future. You can use the simple future, the going to - future, the present progressive and the present pimple to write or talk about future actions. There is often only a little difference between the future tenses, especially between the going to - future and the present progressive. It also depends on the country and region and on the communication what future tense is used. In written English the simple future is usually used while in spoken English we use the going to - future more often. The simple future (will – future) is used: to talk about future actions, we can't influence or control. to foretell future actions or to express hopes, expectations, fears, offers, promises, refusals.... Key words: I’m sure, I believe, I expect, I hope, I suppose, I think, I'm afraid, I wonder, I fear, I worry, I promise, I guess or perhaps, possibly, surely, probably, maybe with I / we for spontaneous reactions or making promises I shall is sometimes used instead of I will. The going to - future is used: to talk about future things you intend to do, plan or decided to do Examples: Did you know that Sarah is in hospital? - No, I didn’t. I’ll visit her this afternoon. (spontaneous reaction »»» will - future) Yes, I’m going to visit her next month. (planned action »»» going to - future) to foretell future actions for which we have proofs that they are going to happen. The present progressive is used: to talk about future things that are fixed, planned or definitely decided The speaker must refer to the future and not to the present. Examples: I am visiting my grandparents tomorrow. What are you doing next Friday? The present simple is used: to talk about times of arrivals and departures of traffic and times of events. Examples: The train leaves at 10.20. The bus goes at 8.30. When does the concert begin? © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 31 FUTURE TENSES 1 Fill in going to or the simple future tense (=will future). 1. I _____________________________ them tomorrow evening. (meet) 2. _____________________________ him for help? (you ask) 3. Susan _____________________________ the bathroom next weekend. (paint) 4. I think he _____________________________ her name. (find out) 5. I _____________________________ a walk in the garden this evening. (take) 6. Let's hope that the wind _____________________________ away the clouds. (blow) 7. Mary _____________________________ a good mark because she has studied hard. (get) 8. Are you sure, you _____________________________ in a tent in your holidays? (sleep) 9. Peter _____________________________ his new bike in the park. (ride) 10. I hope Jane _____________________________ me to her party. (invite) 11. I _____________________________ dad's car tomorrow afternoon. (wash) 12. Mum thinks dad _____________________________ home early tonight. (come) 13. She _____________________________ till Thursday. (probably stay) 14. We _____________________________ our bikes in the park. Can you come with us? (ride) 15. I think Susan _____________________________ in love with Mike. (fall) 16. It's late. I hope we _____________________________ the bus. (not miss) 17. _____________________________ the new words this time, Peter? (you learn) 18. Next summer we _____________________________ at a campsite near a lake. (probably stay) 19. We _____________________________ to Scotland this summer. (go) 20. I promise, I _____________________________ you tomorrow. (phone) 21. Maybe he _____________________________ any time next weekend. (not have) 22. She _____________________________ a baby next April. (have) 23. I hope the train _____________________________ delayed. (not be) 24. They _____________________________ the exam. (probably pass) 25. The sky is cloudy and grey. It _____________________________. (rain) © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 32 FUTURE TENSES 2 Fill in the correct future tense – simple future, going to future or present progressive. 1. They _____________________________ to New York tomorrow morning. (drive) 2. I hope the weather _____________________________ nice. (be) 3. John _____________________________ to his new CD this evening. (listen) 4. I offered him this job. I think he _____________________________ it. (take) 5. Jane and Sue _____________________________ a present for mum's birthday. (buy) 6. I hope you _____________________________ me with the dishes, Julie. (help) 7. I promise I _____________________________ your secret to anyone. (not tell) 8. Take your umbrella with you. It _____________________________ (rain). 9. They _____________________________ cards this evening. (play) 10. When the weather is fine, we _____________________________ a picnic in our garden. (probably have) 11. I think the police _____________________________ the burglars. (arrest) 12. They _____________________________ to Seattle next summer holidays. (fly) 13. I _____________________________ 50 people to the party and I hope everyone _____________________________. (invite / come) 14. That exercise looks difficult. I _____________________________ you. (help) 15. _____________________________ to the football match? (he go) 16. Are you sure they _____________________________ the match? (win) 17. It _____________________________ very cold in the mountains. Take a sweater with you. (probably be) 18. He _____________________________ tomorrow. (not leave) 19. We think he _____________________________ home late in the night. (come) 20. It's my birthday next Friday. Mum _____________________________ a cake. (bake) © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 33 FUTURE TENSES 1 1. I am going to meet them tomorrow evening. 2. Are you going to ask him for help? 3. Susan is going to paint the bathroom next weekend. 4. I think he will find out her name. 5. I am going to take a walk in the garden this evening. 6. Let's hope that the wind will blow away the clouds. 7. Mary is going to get a good mark because she has studied hard. 8. Are you sure, you will sleep in a tent in your holidays? 9. Peter is going to ride his new bike in the park. 10. I hope Jane will invite me to her party. 11. I am going to wash dad's car tomorrow afternoon. 12. Mum thinks dad will come home early tonight. (come) 13. It will probably be very cold in the mountains. Take a sweater with you. 14. We are going to ride our bikes in the park. Can you come with us? 15. I think Susan will fall in love with Mike. 16. It's late. I hope we will not miss / won't miss the bus. 17. Are you going to learn the new words this time, Peter? 18. Next summer we will probably stay at a campsite near a lake. 19. We are going to go to Scotland this summer. 20. I promise, I will phone you tomorrow. 21. Maybe he will not have / won't have any time next weekend. 22. She is going to have a baby next April. 23. I hope the train will not be / won't be delayed. 24. They will probably pass the exam. 25. The sky is cloudy and grey. It is going to rain. FUTURE TENSES 2 1. They are driving to New York tomorrow morning. 2. I hope the weather will be nice. 3. John is going to listen to his new CD this evening. 4. I offered him this job. I think he will take it. 5. Jane and Sue are going to buy a present for mum's birthday. 6. I hope you will help me with the dishes, Julie. 7. I promise I will not tell your secret to anyone. 8. Take your umbrella with you. It is going to rain. 9. They are going to play / are playing cards this evening. 10. When the weather is fine, we will probably have a picnic in our garden. 11. I think the police will arrest the burglars. 12. They are flying / are going to fly to Seattle next summer holidays. 13. I am inviting (invite) 50 people to the party, and I hope everyone will come. 14. That exercise looks difficult. I will help you. 15. Is he going to the football match? 16. Are you sure they will win the match? 17. She will probably be very cold in the mountains. Take a sweater with you. 18. He is not leaving / isn't leaving tomorrow. 19. We think he will come home late in the night. 20. It's my birthday next Friday. Mum is going to bake a cake. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 34 THE PASSIVE VOICE How the passive is formed: FORM OF TO BE + 3rd SUBJECT ADVERB,... FORM The room is cleaned every day. They are sold as pets. A lot of guests are invited to a party. Put an active sentence into a passive one: Subject Verb Object Active: Bats eat insects. Passive: Insects are eaten by bats. Subject Verb by Agent Subject Verb Object Active: Tom saw the burglars Passive: The burglars were seen by Tom Subject Verb by Agent Subject of the active sentence → Agent of the passive sentence Object of the active sentence → Subject of the passive sentence Tenses: Tense Active Passive (form of to be + 3rd form) Present tense invite / see am / is / are invited / seen Past tense invited / saw was / were invited / seen Future tense will invite / see will be invited / seen Present perfect tense have / has invited / seen have / has been invited / seen Past perfect tense had invited / seen had been invited / seen © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 35 PASSIVE VOICE 1 Fill in the passive form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present simple. 1. This computer __________________________ in the USA. (make) 2. Her dog __________________________ Rover. (call) 3. Lots of new cars __________________________ by train. (transport) 4. Our neighbours' house __________________________ every year. (paint) 5. Jim __________________________ well by the new company owners. (not pay) 6. Today many insects __________________________ by poison. (kill) 7. Baby seals __________________________ on dangerous beaches. (bear) 8. English __________________________ in many parts of the world. (speak) 9. This theme park __________________________ very often on weekdays. (not visit) 10. These watches __________________________ in Switzerland. (make) 11. This helicopter __________________________ for taking people to hospital. (use) 12. All her toys __________________________ in a big box. (keep) 13. The buses __________________________ every week. (clean) 14. The post __________________________ twice a day. (collect) 15. Foreign vegetables __________________________ on this market. (not sell) 16. Whales __________________________ in order to make cosmetics. (hunt) 17. Excellent tea __________________________ by India and Sri Lanka. (export) 18. The corridors __________________________ on weekends. (not clean) 19. Every year a big Christmas tree __________________________ up in our town. (put) 20. The tennis court next to our house __________________________ very often. (not use) © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 36 PASSIVE VOICE 2 Fill in the passive form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present or past simple. 1. He __________________________ (offer) a new job last week. 2. The bridge __________________________ (blow off) yesterday. 3. This novel __________________________ (write) by Hemingway. 4. Flies __________________________ (catch) by spiders. 5. All the trees __________________________ (cut) down yesterday. 6. We __________________________ (tell) to go home now. 7. Their purse __________________________ (steal) in the disco last night. 8. Rain __________________________ (hold) up by fog. 9. He __________________________ (throw) out of the bar a week ago. 10. Pigs __________________________ (use) to find truffles. 11. The old theatre __________________________ (reopen) last Friday. 12. She __________________________ (ask) about the accident by the police yesterday. 13. A lot of food __________________________ (throw) away every day. 14. Mice __________________________ (catch) by cats. 15. I __________________________ (usually invited) to her parties. 16. Policemen __________________________ (often ask) for the way. 17. They __________________________ (teach) French last term. 18. The lawn __________________________ (cut) once a week. 19. The tickets __________________________ (buy) by her last week. 20. The shoes __________________________ (clean) every morning. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 37 PASSIVE VOICE 3 Fill in the passive form of the verbs in brackets. Use the past simple. 1. Many pictures _____________________ (paint) by Picasso. 2. Sue _____________________ (take) to school by her father. 3. His car _____________________ (damage) in an accident. 4. Football _________ first ____________ (play) in England. 5. Some roads _____________________ (destroy) by an earthquake. 6. The window _____________________ (break) by a ball. 7. That cottage _____________________ (build) by a famous architect. 8. One person _____________________ (find) by the helicopter rescue team. 9. Our car _____________________ (sell) yesterday. 10. The key _____________________ (forget) by an old man. 11. The accident _____________________ (see) by two girls. 12. The bank _____________________ (rob) three days ago. 13. The engine _____________________ (invent) by George Stevenson. 14. The lives of many people _____________________ (save) by his dog. 15. Jack _____________________ (invite) to their party. 16. The potatoes _____________________ (load) onto lorries. 17. The robbers _____________________ (arrest) by the police. 18. The parcel _____________________ (send) by mail. 19. The book and the pencil _____________________ (leave) behind. 20. All the magazines _____________________ (sell) yesterday. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 38 PASSIVE VOICE 4 Put the following sentences into the passive voice. 1. Nelly ate all the cake. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. They opened the windows. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. We bought this present. ________________________________________________________________________ 4. He sold his flat last summer. ________________________________________________________________________ 5. We sang English songs. ________________________________________________________________________ 6. My friends saw Marry in the park. ________________________________________________________________________ 7. The children found the key. ________________________________________________________________________ 8. The police arrested the burglars. ________________________________________________________________________ Fill in the passive form of the verbs in brackets. Use the past tense. Three days ago, Nepal _____________________ (rock) by a very strong earthquake. About two hundred people _______________________ (kill) and thousands ______________________ (take) to the local hospitals. They _______________________ (treat) for shock and their injuries _______________________ (care for). A lot of houses _______________________ (destroy). The city hall __________ also ___________ (damage). © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 39 PASSIVE VOICE 5 Put the sentences into the passive voice. 1. They built these houses in 1902. _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. She bakes a cake every Sunday. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. He broke the vase yesterday. _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. I clean the shoes every Friday. _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. We wrote the exercise an hour ago. _______________________________________________________________________________ 6. They use this road very often. _______________________________________________________________________________ 7. Thieves stole his car. _______________________________________________________________________________ 8. They cancelled all the flights. _______________________________________________________________________________ 9. Brian told the truth. _______________________________________________________________________________ 10. She always loads the dishwasher. _______________________________________________________________________________ 11. He sometimes does the shopping. _______________________________________________________________________________ 12. The ambulance took Peter to hospital. _______________________________________________________________________________ © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 40 PASSIVE VOICE 6 Put the following sentences into the passive voice. 1. My grandfather built this house. __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Carol always waters the flowers. __________________________________________________________________________ 3. The boys did the homework. __________________________________________________________________________ 4. Susan wrote this email. __________________________________________________________________________ 5. George has opened a hotel. __________________________________________________________________________ 6. Peter solved this problem. __________________________________________________________________________ 7. An electric fault caused the fire. __________________________________________________________________________ 8. Her mother will clean the room. __________________________________________________________________________ 9. The police arrested three men. __________________________________________________________________________ 10. We haven't seen her since weeks. __________________________________________________________________________ 11. They will pull down the old building. __________________________________________________________________________ 12. Helen found the key. __________________________________________________________________________ © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 41 PASSIVE VOICE 7 Complete the sentences with the passive forms of the verbs. Use the tense in brackets. 1. English ___________________________ (speak) all over the world. (Present tense) 2. This quarrel ___________________________ (forget) in a few years' time. (Future tense) 3. My pencil case ___________________________ (steal). (Present perfect) 4. We have ___________________________ (never / beat) at badminton. (Present perfect) 5. This shirt ___________________________ (make) in France. (Past tense) 6. Our dogs ___________________________ (keep) in the house. (Present tense) 7. Her new book ___________________________ (publish) next month. (Future tense) 8. Milk ___________________________ (use) to make butter and cheese. (Present tense) 9. They ___________________________ (take) to school. (Past tense) 10. Not a sound ___________________________ (hear). (Past tense) 11. Some juice ___________________________ (spill) on the carpet. (Present perfect) 12. The thieves ______________________ (arrest) by the police. (Past tense) 13. The homework ___________________________ (correct) by the teacher. (Future tense) 14. Her ring ___________________________ (find) under the bed. (Past tense) 15. I ___________________________ (offer) an interesting job. (Past tense) 16. My brother ___________________________ (just beat) in the race. (Present perfect) 17. He ___________________________ (tell) to wait outside. (Past tense) 18. The fire brigade ___________________________ (phone) soon after the fire broke out. (Past perfect) 19. The email ___________________________ (answer) tomorrow. (Future tense) 20. The best cookies ___________________________ (sell) here. (Present tense) © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 42 PASSIVE VOICE 1 1. This computer is made in the USA. 2. Her dog is called Rover. 3. Lots of new cars are transported by train. 4. Our neighbours' house is painted every year. 5. Jim isn’t paid well by the new company owners. 6. Today many insects are killed by poison. 7. Baby seals are born on dangerous beaches. 8. English is spoken in many parts of the world. 9. This theme park isn’t visited very often on weekdays. 10. These watches are made in Switzerland. 11. This helicopter is used for taking people to hospital. 12. All her toys are kept in a big box. 13. The buses are cleaned every week. 14. The post is collected twice a day. 15. Foreign vegetables aren’t sold on this market. 16. Whales are hunted in order to make cosmetics. 17. Excellent tea is exported by India and Sri Lanka. 18. The corridors aren’t cleaned on weekends. 19. Every year a big Christmas tree is put up in our town. 20. The tennis court next to our house isn’t used very often. PASSIVE VOICE 2 1. He was offered (offer) a new job last week. 2. The bridge was blown off (blow off) yesterday. 3. This novel was written (write) by Hemingway. 4. Flies are caught (catch) by spiders. 5. All the trees were cut (cut) down yesterday. 6. We are told (tell) to go home now. 7. Their purse was stolen (steal) in the disco last night. 8. Rain is held (hold) up by fog. 9. He was thrown (throw) out of the bar a week ago. 10. Pigs are used (use) to find truffles. 11. The old theatre was reopened (reopen) last Friday. 12. She was asked (ask) about the accident by the police yesterday. 13. A lot of food is thrown (throw) away every day. 14. Mice are caught (catch) by cats. 15. I am usually invited to her parties. 16. Policemen are often asked (often ask) for the way. 17. They were taught (teach) French last term. 18. The lawn is cut (cut) once a week. 19. The tickets were bought by her last week. 20. The shoes are cleaned every morning. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 43 PASSIVE VOICE 3 1. Many pictures were painted by Picasso. 2. Sue was taken to school by her father. 3. His car was damaged in an accident. 4. Football was first played in England. 5. Some roads were destroyed by an earthquake. 6. The window was broken by a ball. 7. That cottage was built by a famous architect. 8. One person was found by the helicopter rescue team. 9. Our car was sold yesterday. 10. The key was forgotten by an old man. 11. The accident was seen by two girls. 12. The bank was robbed three days ago. 13. The engine was invented by George Stevenson. 14. The lives of many people were saved by his dog. 15. Jack was invited to their party. 16. The potatoes were loaded onto lorries. 17. The robbers were arrested by the police. 18. The parcel was sent by mail. 19. The book and the pencil were left behind. 20. All the magazines were sold yesterday. PASSIVE VOICE 4 1. All the cake was eaten by Nelly. 2. The windows were opened by them. 3. This present was bought by us. 4. His flat was sold last summer. 5. English songs were sung by us. 6. Mary was seen in the park by my friends. 7. The key was found by the children. 8. The burglars were arrested by the police. Three days ago, Nepal was rocked by a very strong earthquake. About two hundred people were killed and thousands were taken to the local hospitals. They were treated for shock and their injuries were cared for (care for). A lot of houses were destroyed. The city hall was also damaged (damage). © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 44 PASSIVE VOICE 5 1. These houses were built by them in 1902. 2. A cake is baked by her every Sunday. 3. The vase was broken by him yesterday. 4. The shoes are cleaned by me every Friday. 5. The exercise was written by us an hour ago. 6. This road is used by them very often. 7. His car was stolen by thieves. 8. All the flights were cancelled by them. 9. The truth was told by Brian. 10. The dishwasher is always loaded by her. 11. The shopping is sometimes done by him. 12. Peter was taken to hospital by the ambulance. Passive voice 6 1. This house was built by my grandfather. 2. The flowers are always watered by Carol. 3. The homework was done by the boys. 4. This email was written by Susan. 5. A hotel has been opened by George. 6. This problem was solved by Peter. 7. The fire was caused by an electric fault. 8. The room will be cleaned by her mother. 9. Three men were arrested by the police. 10. She has been seen by us since weeks. 11. The old building will be pulled down by them. 12. The key was found by Helen. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 45 PASSIVE VOICE 7 1. English is spoken all over the world. 2. This quarrel will be forgotten in a few years' time. 3. My pencil case has been stolen. 4. We have never been beaten at badminton. 5. This shirt was made in France. 6. Our dogs are kept in the house. 7. Her new book will be published next month. 8. Milk is used to make butter and cheese. 9. They were taken to school. 10. Not a sound was heard. 11. Some juice has been spilt on the carpet. 12. The thieves were arrested by the police. 13. The homework will be corrected by the teacher. 14. Her ring was found under the bed. 15. I was offered an interesting job. 16. My brother has just been beaten in the race. 17. He was told to wait outside. 18. The fire brigade had been phoned soon after the fire broke out. 19. The best cookies are sold here. 20. The email will be answered tomorrow. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 46 REPORTED SPEECH 1. If the reporting verb is in the past form (said, told...), you must change the tense. Direct speech Indirect speech Direct Speech Indirect speech Present simple Past simple go went Present progressive Past progressive am/is/are going was/were going Past simple Past perfect went had gone Past progressive Past perfect progressive was/were going had been going Present perfect simple Past perfect has/have gone had gone Present perfect progressive Past perfect progressive has/have been going had been going Future Conditional I will go would go Example: Peter said, "Carol is a nice girl." Peter said (that) Carol was a nice girl. 2. When you form the reported speech, you must pay attention that the pronouns refer to the correct person. Examples: Susan said, "My parents are clever scientists." Susan said (that) her parents were clever scientists. Tom said, "I like PE best." Tom said (that) he liked PE best. They said, "We went swimming with our friends." They said (that) they had gone swimming with their friend. Betty said, "Sam told me the truth." Betty said (that) Sam had told her the truth. Direct speech Indirect speech She said I - my - me she - her - her He said I - my - me he - his - him They said they - their - them we - our - us © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 47 You and your: They told her / him / me / them / us, "George loves you." They told her / him / me / them / us (that) George loved her / him / me / them / us. They told her / him / me / them / us, "George loves your sister." They told her / him / me / them / us (that) George loved her / his / my / their / our sister. They told her / him / me / them / us, "You are clever." They told her / him / me / them / us (that) she / he / I / they / we was / were clever. 3. Expressions of time and place must also be changed. Direct speech Indirect speech Time now then today that day yesterday the day before tomorrow the next / following day last week, month... the previous week, month... next week, month... the following week, month... Place here there this that these those Example: She said, "I have already seen Carol today." She said (that) she had already seen Carol that day. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 48 REPORTED SPEECH 1 Put the following sentences into the reported speech. 1. The boys said, "We are on time." _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Sue said, "He is learning for his exam." _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Bill said, "I’m going to answer the phone." _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. The girls said, "We’re not doing our homework now." _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Mother said, "You can help me with the dishes." _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. He said, "I meet him every Friday." _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Jim told me, "I leave tonight." _____________________________________________________________________________ 8. He said, "I’m watching TV." _____________________________________________________________________________ 9. She told them, "My mother likes roast beef." _____________________________________________________________________________ 10. The patients said, "We buy a newspaper every day." _____________________________________________________________________________ 11. They told me, "We are flying to New York." _____________________________________________________________________________ 12. Mark said, "She likes something to drink." _____________________________________________________________________________ © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 49 REPORTED SPEECH 2 1. Mr Brown said, "I was watching TV last night." Mr Brown said (that) ___________________________________________________________. 2. Sandy explained, "I saw an accident at the corner of High Street." Sandy explained (that) __________________________________________________________. 3. Bob said, "We had a wonderful time at Peter’s party." Bob said (that) ________________________________________________________________. 4. The farmer said, "I didn’t see her." The farmer said (that) __________________________________________________________. 5. Will and Tim said, "We were very happy about the present." Will and Tim said (that) _________________________________________________________. 6. Mr Jones said, "As a young boy I collected stickers." Mr Jones said (that) ____________________________________________________________. 7. Peter reported, "We played a lot of tennis last year." Peter reported (that) ___________________________________________________________. 8. Mother said, "I had a headache." Mother said (that) _____________________________________________________________. 9. The Clarks told us, "We drove to Athens last summer." The Clarks told us (that) _________________________________________________________. 10. Helen said, "I was watching the late-night show." Helen said (that) _______________________________________________________________. 11. Peter said, "They were interested in travelling to other countries." Peter said (that) _______________________________________________________________. 12. Mr Cooper said, "I took my medicine regularly." Mr Cooper said (that) ___________________________________________________________. 13. Mrs Miller said, "I didn’t feel better." Mrs Miller said (that) ___________________________________________________________. 14. Sarah said, "My father took me to school every day." Sarah said (that) _______________________________________________________________. 15. He said to the reporters, "I was a farmer in Cornwall." He said to the reporters (that) ____________________________________________________. © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 50 REPORTED SPEECH 3 Put the following sentences into the reported speech. 1. She said, “The sandwich tastes good.” _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. She said, “I went to the cinema.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Mark said, “I like coffee with milk.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. She said, “Helen often gets good marks.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. The teacher said, “Tim wrote a nice text.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. She said, “He is ill today.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. They said, “The children like fish and chips.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 8. Emily said, “I have a headache.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 9. He said, “I moved there last summer.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 10. He said, “I repaired my bike.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 11. They said, “Mrs Parker wasn’t at home.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 12. They told us, “The boys have listened to music since 10 o’clock.” ____________________________________________________________________________ © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 51 REPORTED SPEECH 4 Put the following sentences into the reported speech. 1. Jessica reported, “I saw the accident at the corner of High Street.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Bob said, “We had a wonderful time at Peter's party.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Harry and Tim said, “We were very happy about the present.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Thomas told us, “I played a lot of tennis last year.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Helen said, “I’m watching the late-night show.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. They said, “We learned the new words.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. The girls said, “The test was easy.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 8. The boys said, “We are angry.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 9. She said, “The girls ate some toast and drank some tea.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 10. He told us, “I will do my homework.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 11. They told us, “Thieves stole two paintings.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 12. Sarah said, “My father takes me to school every day." ____________________________________________________________________________ © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 52 REPORTED SPEECH 5 Put the following sentences into the reported speech. 1. Liam said, “I will arrive in time.” _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. She said, “I met Carol last Friday.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. They said, “We went to bed early yesterday.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. She said, “I’ve never been to Japan.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. They told me, “We were playing in the park.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. Tom told me, “I meet my friends on the way to school.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. He told us, “I haven’t met her before.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 8. The boys said, “We’ll be at home by 7.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 9. Sandra said, “I did some shopping last week.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 10. Helen said, “The tickets for the show are very expensive.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 11. She said, “I’m reading.” ____________________________________________________________________________ 12. Bill said, “I’ve played tennis for years.” ____________________________________________________________________________ © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 53 REPORTED SPEECH 6 Put the following sentences into the reported speech. 1. He asked me, “Do you know the man crossing the road?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. She asked them, “When did he go to bed yesterday?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. The children said, “We are waiting for our mother.” _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. They asked her, “Have you met him before?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. They told him, “Shut the door!” _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. She asked them, “How long has it been raining?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. He said, “They took me to the next hospital.” _____________________________________________________________________________ 8. They asked, “Who is standing next to Mike?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 9. She asked me, “Are you going out tonight?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 10. She told him, “Give me back my camera!” _____________________________________________________________________________ 11. They said, “We met him at the snack bar.” _____________________________________________________________________________ 12. He asked her, “Have you ever been here before?” _____________________________________________________________________________ © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 54 REPORTED SPEECH 7 Put the following sentences into the reported speech. 1. They asked us, “Are you going to the cinema this week?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. He asked her, “How long have you played football?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. She asked me, “Where are you going?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. They told her, “Do not lie to us!” _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. He asked them, “Did you work hard yesterday?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. They asked him, “When did you get up this morning?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. They asked me, “How do you feel today?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 8. She told them, “Stop talking!” _____________________________________________________________________________ 9. She asked her, “Were you busy last week?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 10. He asked me, “Which animal are you afraid of?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 11. They told us, “Listen to the radio!” _____________________________________________________________________________ 12. She asked him, “Why did your car break down?” _____________________________________________________________________________ © 2019 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 55 REPORTED SPEECH 1 1. The boys said (that) they were on time. 2. Sue said (that) he was learning for his exam. 3. Bill said (that) he was going to answer the phone. 4. The girls said (that) they were not doing their homework then. 5. Mother said (that) I could help her with the dishes. 6. He said (that) he met him every Friday. 7. Jim told me (that) he left that night. 8. He said (that) he was watching TV. 9. She told them (that) her mother liked (likes) roast beef. – information is still true 10. The patients said (that) they bought a newspaper every day. 11. They told me (that) they were flying to New York. 12. Mark said (that) she liked something to drink. REPORTED SPEECH 2 1. Mr Brown said (that) he had been watching TV the night before. 2. Sandy explained (that) she had seen an accident at the corner of High Street. 3. Bob said (that) they had had a wonderful time at Peter's party. 4. The farmer said (that) he h