English 10 - 2nd Quarter PDF

ENGLISH 10 - 2ND QUARTER Prepared By: Patricia Mae Gatos MELC 1 - OBSERVING THE What is Advocacy? LANGUAGE OF RESEARCH, > Activities that argue, plead, support or CAMPAIGNS, AND ADVOCACIES favor a certain cause....

ENGLISH 10 - 2ND QUARTER Prepared By: Patricia Mae Gatos MELC 1 - OBSERVING THE What is Advocacy? LANGUAGE OF RESEARCH, > Activities that argue, plead, support or CAMPAIGNS, AND ADVOCACIES favor a certain cause. ✓ Purpose : to influence decision What is Research? making especially with issues involving > It is a careful and detailed study into a social, political, environmental, and specific problem, concern or issue using economic perspectives. the scientific method. - present strong points that may either ✓ Purpose : to communicate support or contradict existing policies discussions and present corresponding and legal mandates. findings for variables studied - Make use of academic and persuasive Other form of advocacy : language. Budget advocacy Bureaucratic advocacy What is a campaign speech? Health advocacy > It is a planned set of activities that Mass advocacy people carry out to attain a certain goal Media advocacy or objective. Special education advocacy ✓ Purpose : to excite, persuade, and/or motivate listeners convincing them to adhere to the speaker's ideas What is Persuasion? - Employ strong and emphasized > it is convincing other to chainge their persuasive language point of view, agree to a commitment, or take a course of action. What is an Advocate? > An advocate is someone who PERSUASIVE WRITING provides advocacy support to people who need it #1 Emotive Language - Involves the use of words that evoke #7 Adjectives & Adverbs emotions and make people feel a - Using carefully selected adjectives and certain way. adverbs makes it possible for the writer - commonly used technique when to influence how the readers feel. writing headlines in newspaper or speeches. #8 Association - This technique tries to link an object or #2 Modal Verbs an idea with something already liked - The use of words that express such as wealth, success, and security. modality helps adjust the level of certainty of events to suit arguments. #9 Bandwagon - these words (may, might, will, must, - Makes the audience believe the idea shall, can, could, would, ought to) help that "everyone is doing it" or that improve the quality of persuasive everyong likes something. writing. #10 Experts #3 Involving the Reader - This means relying on expert advices - This is done through the use of from trusted people like doctors, personal pronouns like you, your, we, scientists and other professionals our, and indicative words like together. MELC 2 - IDENTIFYING KEY STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS AND LANGUAGE FEATURES OF AN #4 Rhetorical Questions ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT - Questions that are not supposed to be answered. What is an Exposition? - There are asked for effect, to illustrate > Expository texts focus on explaining a point or let the reader think. information. > Often organized logically, with clear #5 Using Evidence headings or sections. - Involves the use of facts, figures or quotes from experts to highlight the What is an argumentative text? writer's authority. > Argumentative texts aim to persuade the reader regarding a specific stance #6 Repetition > It persuades the reader to adopt a - This technique involves repeating particular viewpoint or take action. keywords, phrases, or ideas to appeal to the readers. Exposition or arguments can be presented as: Essays  Editorials Letters to the editor Supporting Evidence includes the Speeches following: Factual Knowledge LANGUAGE FEATURES Statistical Inferences Infromed Opinion #1 Conjunctions (or joining words) Personal Testimony - They link the flow of the argument. ex. So, and so, because, therefore, if, Structure of an Argumentative Text or and, but Exposition S ➔ statement of position #2 Modal verbs A ➔ arguments - express the writer’s attitude to the topic R ➔ reinforcement of the statement of ex. Can, could, should, must, might position #3 Evaluative language MELC 3 - FORMULATE CLAIMS OF - suggests the degree of approval or FACT, POLICY, AND VALUE helps compare ideas ex. Important, best, most, truth, largest, What is a claim? more popular > A claim is a statement that asserts something to be true or false, often used #4 Thinking verbs as the basis for an argument - used to convey a person’s thoughts or feelings ex. Know, believe, feel, people think, Characteristics of a Good Claim agreed ❏ A claim should argumentative and debatable. #5 Connective words ❏ A claim should be specific and - link ideas in an argument. focused. ex. Firstly, for that reason, for example, ❏ A claim should be interesting and as a consequence, because of this, in engaging. particular, therefore, finally ❏ A claim should be logical. #6 Present Tense Claims of Fact - this gives more “up-to-date” feel to - It asserts that a condition exists, exists, your writing or will exist and is based on facts or data. #7 Passive Voice - it is when you make the object of an Claims of Policy action into the subject of a sentence - Statements that argue that something Remember that statement of needs to be done. OPINION… - A claim of policy usually has the - has to do with one’s preferences or modals should, must, and ought to. emotions. Claims of Value On the other hand, a statement of - A claim that is based on preference ASSERTION... such as likes or dislikes, good or bad. - is considered a declaration, as if it - Usually compares two ideas against were true even though it may not be. one another. MELC 5 - WRITING AN EXPOSITORY MELC 4 - FORMULATING A TEXT STATEMENT OF OPINION OR ASSERTION What is Expository Text? > presents or provides information about What is a fact? a particular topic or issue > A fact is a statement that can be > sometimes called informational writing proven. where the writer provides facts on a given topic. What is an Opinion? > Educates the reader by presenting > An opinion is an "interpretation" or facts based on reliable sources "judgment" after making an > clear, concise, & organized. "observation". > It is usually a concept or impression based on factual evidence. KEY STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS IN AN > It usually contains signal words like: EXPOSITION - In my opinion … - I feel that … 1. Clear and Concise Thesis - In my view … Statement - Speaking personally … - Introduces the main topic What is an Assertion? 2. Clear transitions > An Assertion aims to present objective - will glue the introduction, the body and information based on evidence or logical the conclusion together reasoning. > It is a statement that is somewhat true 3. A body that contains evidence and or somewhat false. support > Usually delivered confidently and - uses supporting evidence forcefully as a statement of fact or belief. 4. An effective conclusion - highlights the true essence of the main Prosodic Features of Public idea Speaking: #1. Pause STRUCTURES AND PATTERNS OF - used to separate grammatical IDEA DEVELOPMENT constructions. #1 Cause and Effect #2. Pitch #2 Comparison and Contrast - the property of sound with variation in #3 Description frequency of vibration. #4 Problem and Solution #3. Volume #5 Sequence - Apart from the increase in loudness to indicate stress, volume is used to MELC 6 - DELIVERING A PREPARED convey emotions. OR IMPROMPTU TALK ON AN ISSUE #4. Stress EMPLOYING THE TECHNIQUES IN #5. Tempo PUBLIC SPEAKING MELC 7 - Composing Texts Using IMPROMPTU SPEECH Multimodal Elements > delivered on the spur of the moment with no preparation on the part of the What is multimodal text? speaker. > include picture books, text books, > You don’t know the speech’s topic or graphic novels, comics, and posters, requirements ahead of time. where meaning is conveyed to the reader through varying combinations of EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH visual (still image), written language, > The speaker is given the topic and spatial modes beforehand > has time to research about the topic DIGITAL MULTIMODAL TEXT > is able to rehearse or practice prior to > film, animation, slide shows, eposters, delivering the speech. digital stories, and web pages, convey meaning through combinations of 8 BASIC PUBLIC SPEAKING TIPS written and spoken language, visual (still 1. Practice beforehand and moving image), audio, gestural and 2. Know your audience spatial modes 3. Check your body language 4. Be yourself LIVE MULTIMODAL TEXT 5. Bring notes, but know your stuff > dance, performance, and oral 6. Make sure you have a clear message storytelling, convey meaning through 7. Pace yourself combinations of modes such as 8. Don’t worry about mistakes gestural, spatial, spoken language, and audio VISUAL TEXT > In a visual text, for example, representation of people, objects, and places can be conveyed using choices of visual semiotic resources such as line, shape, size, line, and symbols, while written language would convey this meaning through sentences using noun groups and adjectives ELEMENTS OF MULTIMODAL TEXT 1. Linguistic - vocabulary, structure, grammar of oral/written language 2. Visual - color, vectors, and viewpoint in still and moving images 3. Audio or Aural - volume, pitch, and rhythm of music and sound effects 4. Gestural - movement, facial expression, and body language 5. Spatial - proximity, direction, position of layout, organization of objects in space