College English ENGL111 Week 7 Tenses of the Verb PDF

COLLEGE ENGLISH ENGL111 WEEK 7  Agenda Verb Tenses ○ Simple Tenses ○ Continuous Tenses ○ Perfect Tenses ○ Perfect Continuous Tenses Verb Tenses  Verb tenses identify the period when an action occurs. SIMPLE TENSES  The simple present is fo...

COLLEGE ENGLISH ENGL111 WEEK 7  Agenda Verb Tenses ○ Simple Tenses ○ Continuous Tenses ○ Perfect Tenses ○ Perfect Continuous Tenses Verb Tenses  Verb tenses identify the period when an action occurs. SIMPLE TENSES  The simple present is formed by using the base form and/ or -s (or -es) form of the verb. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE He speaks English. Third person singular We speak English. First person plural USE OF SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE  REPEATED ACTION The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. I play badminton. She always forgets her bag. Anna leaves the house every morning at 5AM.  STATEMENT OF FACTS The simple present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to generalize about people or things. The Philippines offers the best customer service in the world. Cats are amazing animals. Many people love coffee more than tea.  SCHEDULED EVENTS IN THE FUTURE The train leaves tonight at 6PM. The prom starts at 9PM.  THE ‘NOW’ (Non Continuous Verbs) Speakers sometimes use the simple present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. He needs help right now. She is not here right now. He has his passport in his hand.  The simple past tense of regular verbs is formed by SIMPLE adding -d or -ed at the end of the verb; irregular verbs PAST TENSE may vary in construction. USE OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE  COMPLETED ACTION IN THE PAST Joanna went to the mall yesterday to buy a new set of furniture. I didn’t see him at the inauguration. Last year, I traveled to Japan with my family.  DURATION IN THE PAST A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc. I lived in Puerto Rico for three years. Eric studied different techniques of pottery for a year. We waited at the bus station all day.  HABITS IN THE PAST To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc. I played violin when I was younger. They always skipped class during our freshman year. He stopped writing poetry. SIMPLE Simple future has two different forms in English: "will" FUTURE and "be going to." TENSE  Simple future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE You will help your Aunt prepare for the party later. Allen is going to meet his newborn sister tonight. USE OF SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE  EXPRESS VOLUNTARY ACTION (will) I will sort out the documents so that Mrs. Tala won’t have any difficulty in the upcoming accreditation. I will send you the needed drafts of the plan when I get my hands on them.  EXPRESS A PROMISE (will) I will attend the meeting tomorrow. Don’t worry, I will do better next time.  EXPRESS A PLAN (be going to) I am going to spend my vacation in Isabela. I am going to continue writing my thesis this month.  EXPRESS A PREDICTION (will/be going to) The year 2025 will be a better year for all of us. Janna is going to be the next president of the student government body. Fill in the blank with the correct simple tense of the verb. 1. Sarah ______ (watch) a movie with her friends next Friday. 2. Every morning, Jake ______ (eat) breakfast before going to work. 3. Last week, we ______ (go) to the beach for a quick vacation. 4. They usually ______ (play) basketball at the park on Saturdays. 5. I ______ (write) a letter to my friend tomorrow. PROGRESSIVE/CONTINUOUS TENSES  The present continuous (also called present progressive) is a verb tense which is used to show that an ongoing PRESENT action is happening now, either at the moment of speech CONTINUOUS or now in a larger sense. TENSE The present continuous can also be used to show that an action is going to take place in the near future.  FORM: PRESENT am/is/are + present participle CONTINUOUS TENSE For example: I am listening to the radio. USE OF PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE  The NOW I am eating breakfast with my family here at the hotel. Sheena is watching the new season of her favorite American series. We are negotiating with the other team for the event.  LONGER ACTIONS IN PROGRESS NOW In English, "now" can mean: this second, today, this month, this year, this century, and so on. I am studying to become a teacher. I am reading Animal Farm by George Orwell.  NEAR FUTURE Sometimes, speakers use the present continuous to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future. I am meeting my friends after work. We are eating Samgyeopsal tonight.  REPETITION Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and “verb+ing." She is constantly speaking while the teacher is discussing. They are always complaining about work, so I don’t like them.  The past continuous (also called past progressive) is a PAST verb tense which is used to show that an ongoing past CONTINUOUS action was happening at a specific moment of TENSE interruption, or that two ongoing actions were happening at the same time.  FORM: PAST was/were+ present participle CONTINUOUS TENSE For example: We were studying when her mom called. USE OF PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE  INTERRUPTED ACTION IN THE PAST I was reviewing when she texted me. When the phone rang, Anna was writing a letter to Tommy.  PARALLEL ACTIONS I was cooking dinner while he was cleaning the house. Ali and Jake were listening to the webinar while writing the request letter.  REPETITION Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and “verb+ing." She was constantly speaking while the teacher was discussing. They were always complaining about work, so I didn’t like them.  Future continuous has two different forms: FUTURE CONTINUOUS "will be + present participle" TENSE and “be going to be + present participle" USE OF FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE  INTERRUPTED ACTION IN THE FUTURE Use the future continuous to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action in the future I will be watching The Witcher on Netflix when she comes home tonight. I am going to be staying at my Airbnb, so I will not see them when they arrive.  PREDICTING OR GUESSING ABOUT FUTURE EVENTS He will be coming to the meeting, I expect. I guess you are going to be feeling thirsty after working in the sun. Fill in the blank with the correct progressive/ continuous tense of the verb. 1. Right now, the children ______ (play) in the backyard. 2. Two days ago, I ______ (read) a fascinating book while my friend ______ (play) the Ghost of Tsushima on my PS5. 3. Next week, we ______ (travel) to Japan for our vacation. 4. When you called me last night, I ______ (study) for my exam. 5. Currently, the team ______ (work) on a new project for the company. PERFECT TENSES PRESENT The present perfect is a verb tense which is used to show PERFECT that an action has taken place once or many times before TENSE now.  has/have + past participle PRESENT PERFECT has eaten/have eaten TENSE has delivered/have delivered has written/have written USE OF PRESENT PERFECT TENSE  UNSPECIFIED TIME BEFORE NOW You CANNOT use the present perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week. You CAN use the present perfect with unspecified expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc. I have watched Spirited Away many times. People have traveled to the moon. I think I have seen him before.  DURATION FROM THE PAST UNTIL NOW (Non Continuous verbs) I have had a cold for two weeks. She has been in California for eight months. Ken has loved kare-kare since he was a child.  The past perfect is a verb tense which is used to show PAST PERFECT that an action took place once or many times before TENSE another point in the past.  had + past participle PAST PERFECT had eaten TENSE had delivered had written USE OF PAST PERFECT TENSE  COMPLETED ACTION BEFORE SOMETHING IN THE PAST The past perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. I had cooked dinner before he came home. Susan had studied Nihongo before she moved to Japan.  DURATION BEFORE SOMETHING IN THE PAST We use the past perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. By the time Bobbie finished her studies, she had been in London for over seven years.  Future perfect has two different forms: FUTURE PERFECT "will have + past participle" TENSE and "be going to have + past participle" USE OF FUTURE PERFECT TENSE  COMPLETED ACTION BEFORE SOMETHING IN THE FUTURE The future perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future. By next December, I will have received my promotion. By the time my mother gets home, I am going to have cleaned the house. Sam is going to have finished his paper by the time he leaves the coffee shop. DURATION BEFORE SOMETHING IN THE FUTURE (Non Continuous verbs) We use the future perfect to show that something will continue up until another action in the future. I will have been in France for six months by the time I leave. By Tuesday, Anna is going to have had my book for two weeks. Fill in the blank with the correct perfect tense of the verb. 1. By the time you arrive, I ______ (finish) my homework. 2. She ______ (visit) Paris three times already. 3. Before the party started, they ______ (decorate) the entire house. 4. Next month, we ______ (live) in this city for five years. 5. I ______ (read) that book, so I know the story well. PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES  PRESENT The present perfect continuous (also known as the present PERFECT perfect progressive) is a verb tense used to talk about CONTINUOUS something that started in the past and is continuing at the TENSE present time.  FORM: has/have been + present participle (-ing) PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS EXAMPLE: TENSE Mia has been competing in flute competitions recently.  TAKE NOTE: NOT ALL VERBS ARE COMPATIBLE WITH CONTINUOUS ACTION. Verbs that describe states and conditions, such as to be and to own, for example, do not make sense in the present perfect continuous tense. When you want to show that what is being described by one of these verbs continues up to the present, you use the regular present perfect tense. INCORRECT: I have been owning my Mazda since 2007. CORRECT: I have owned my Mazda since 2007. INCORRECT: Gus has been being late for work recently. CORRECT: Gus has been late for work recently. USE OF PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE  RECENT PAST ACTIVITIES We use the present perfect continuous to talk about a finished activity in the recent past. Using the present perfect continuous focuses on the activity. We don’t give a specific time. Even though the activity is finished, we can see the result in the present: I have just been cleaning the car. (The car is wet and clean.) It has been snowing. (The ground is covered in snow.) What have you been buying?  ONE CONTINUING EVENT We use the present perfect continuous for a single activity that began at a point in the past and is still continuing: I have been reading your book – it’s great. (I’m still reading it.) He has been living in the village since 1995. (He is still living in the village.) She has been writing her autobiography since 1987.  REPEATED CONTINUING EVENTS We use the present perfect continuous to talk about repeated activities which started at a particular time in the past and are still continuing up until now: I’ve been going to Spain on holiday every year since 1987. I haven’t been eating much lunch lately. I’ve been going to the gym at lunchtime. She’s been playing tennis on and off for three years.  The past perfect continuous (also known as the past PAST PERFECT perfect progressive) is a verb tense that shows that an CONTINUOUS action that started in the past continued up until another TENSE time in the past.  FORM: had been + present participle (-ing) PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS EXAMPLE: TENSE He had been drinking milk out the carton when Mom walked into the kitchen. USE OF PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE  CONTINUING EVENTS IN THE PAST We use the past perfect continuous to talk about actions or events which started before a particular time in the past and were still in progress up to that time in the past: It was so difficult to get up last Monday for school. I had been working on my essays the night before and I was very tired. (The past perfect continuous focuses on the activity of working on the essays up to a particular time in the past.) A: Why did you decide to go travelling for a year? B: Well, I’d been reading an amazing book about a woman who rode a horse around South America. I was just halfway through the book when I decided I had to go travelling and that was it. I just took a year out of work and went. (The past perfect continuous focuses on the activity of reading the book at the time when she made her decision. She hadn’t finished the book when she made her decision.)  CONTINUING EVENTS IN THE PAST We can use the past perfect continuous to talk about events which started before a time in the past and which finished, but where the effects or results were still important at a point in the past: It had been raining and the ground was still wet.  FUTURE The future perfect continuous, also sometimes called the PERFECT future perfect progressive, is a verb tense that describes CONTINUOUS actions that will continue up until a point in the future. TENSE  FORM: Will + have + been + present participle (-ing) FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS EXAMPLE: TENSE In November, I will have been working at my company for three years. USE OF FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE  EMPHASIZING THE LENGTH OF AN EVENT AT A TIME IN THE FUTURE We use the future perfect continuous form when we are looking back to the past from a point in the future and we want to emphasise the length or duration of an activity or event: In September, she will have been living in France for a year. I will have been studying English for three years by the end of this course. We’re late. I think they’ll have been waiting for us. We’d better go. Fill in the blank with the correct perfect continuous/ progressive tense of the verb. 1. By next year, she ______ (work) at the company for ten years. 2. He ______ (study) for two hours before he took a break. 3. They ______ (wait) for the bus for 30 minutes when it finally arrived. 4. I ______ (exercise) every morning for the past month. 5. Next week, we ______ (plan) the event for six months. Questions? Thank you!