Engine Ops_Hose Line Deployment PDF

FUNCTION Next, this article will discuss the differences in function between these two attack packages. These lines need to be framed properly biggest in our arsenal, and we cannot and should not expect to manipulate them in the same manner as their smaller counterp able to operate this way not beca...

FUNCTION Next, this article will discuss the differences in function between these two attack packages. These lines need to be framed properly biggest in our arsenal, and we cannot and should not expect to manipulate them in the same manner as their smaller counterp able to operate this way not because we are bringing with us a lighter, more maneuverable line, but rather because we are entering an environment that is usually relatively compartmentalized and our target flow (160 GPM) has been shown to afford us all the protection needed to do so. This allows us to bring the smaller, more maneuverable line. In contrast, our commercial environment does not afford us these luxuries. We must change our mindset and move more methodically though these environments. Because of the nature of the potential fire, we should not aim to move with the same tempo in a commercial environment. We should start flowing water early, using the inherent strengths of the larger handline. Our goal should be to win back the structure five feet at a time. Nozzle technique with larger handlines could and should be dramatically different than what is With can achieve 90° left, right, and up from center, which is widely considered a standard goal. Picture 90° being on the same plane as your shoulders when operating the nozzle. However, we cannot expect to manipulate our larger handlines as aggressively. It is ok to adjust our expectations with our larger lines to approximately half of what we can achieve with the smaller handline. This is due to the larger reaction force we will be experiencing at these larger target flows, as well as might lead firefighters to believe it will give them a greater range due to the smaller line size, but they might actually find a larger perceived reaction force at the 250 GPM target flow due to the reduced weight in the last six feet of the line. This is not to say firefighters cannot attempt to widen their pattern, but they must be cognizant of their foundation prior to getting outside 45°. Firefighters are strongly encouraged to go out with their companies, flow these lines, operate these nozzles, and get a feel for how they handle. This section should help illustrate the reason the nozzles feel different, but it cannot take the place of experiencing how they actually react. Center = 0o 45o Second Edition 01/31/22 45o This photo depicts the horizontal range when utilizing larger handline nozzles with higher reaction forces. Keeping the nozzle within the 45° angles both left and right of center, as shown, will help the nozzle firefighter combat the higher reaction forces associated with larger lines. Wider angles can of course be taken; however, the nozzle firefighter should adjust their stance appropriately to combat the reaction forces. 49 It has been shown that in a large commercial space, the ideal nozzle pattern is not the typical O pattern. Instead, firefighters should utilize a sweeping motion at the ceiling level. Start high and sweep left to right, as wide as possible with the goal of achieving that 45° from center, continuing to sweep and lowering the angle with each sweep. This will do a few things for the attack. First, it cools the ceiling above the area which firefighters will potentially be occupying next. The stream is being used to displace any ceiling tiles, expose that void space, and cool the roof structure. Firefighters should then lower their stream angle incrementally to do the same with the next sweep, repeating this process to win back the building. Because the hose team is realistically limited to a relatively reduced pattern width, great effort must be made to ensure the fire stays in front of them in these situations. It is also important to discuss the reach and penetration of our assortment of nozzles. These aspects are crucial to fighting these fires because they represent possibly the most beneficial attributes of our larger lines. Generally speaking, fires do not go out for one of two reasons firefighters do not have enough water, or they do not have access to the seat of the fire. Using the larger line delivers as much water as reasonably can be used while maintaining interior attack capability. Now, firefighters must strive to use the water as efficiently as possible. The most efficient way to extinguish a fire is to get the water on the material that is burning, not evaporation of that water to fuelThe naturally bigger droplets from our smoothbore nozzles travel farther through the thermal column and resist vaporization due to their mass, ultimately providing a better chance of impacting that fuel-flame interface. This is precisely the penetration that is referenced. The exit velocities of the smooth bore nozzles at 50 psi are equivalent. Our combination nozzles can have slightly higher exit velocities, which translates to the water moving faster though the thermal column. However, this is not the advantage it sounds like it is because the droplets from the refocused stream are more readily vaporized in the thermal column. Increased exit velocities do very well to push water though the elements, specifically wind, on the exterior of the building, but the increased velocity is not necessarily a desired trait in an offensive attack. When evaluating the differences in maneuverability, compared to the maneuverable line This creates a significant difference in the total weight of the attack package, which translates to an increased amount of effort to move it. If there are a lot of obstacles to navigate could be the better choice. As a general rule, the l preloaded without overloading nearly as much as its smaller counterparts. As a result, firefighters have to accept the fact that they are advancing the larger handline straight though buildings, with within the spans. Second Edition 01/31/22 50 -loaded into a tight area to represent possible obstacles found on scene. Becaus forgiving, it is not able to be preloaded as well. Operating crews must work within the confines of the hose and what the building gives them when attempting to preload and advance. The 2 rough buildings, with any preloading being reduced While the difference in the weight of the line is significant, it should be noted that the extra weight is not strictly a disadvantage. The extra size and weight will help the nozzle firefighter operate the handline because it will reduce the perceived reaction force. Furthermore, the weight of the line will aid the operation as more hose falls in line behind the operator. The most dangerous position for a nozzle firefighter to become unseated is directly after a turn while flowing, with the hose not in a line behind him or her. This applies regardless of the size of the line, but it is less and less forgiving as size and target flow increase. Caution should be taken when opting to deploy a handline with a less than favorable target flow in favor of maneuverability. Flow should be the first and most important consideration when choosing a handline to combat a fire, and it should not be compromised because it is the primary factor for efficiently achieving extinguishment. Regardless which line the initial arriving engine company chooses to deploy, this should not lift from the shoulders Second Edition 01/31/22 a working fire at 2898 E. 14 th Ave. Crews made a great line choice based upon the building type and the fire conditions present on arrival. 51 of the second due engine the responsibility of first ensuring the primary line is properly staffed and moving before committing to the back-up line. There are real and tangible benefits to both of these handlines. It is very much a balancing act as firefighters strive to maximize these handlines potential to widen our operational capability and provide the most effective and efficient attack possible. It comes down to the firefighter and ultimately the officer to interpret what the fire has already written and to translate that to the Get out and train, make it fun, and start to reverse some of the training scars that may have been formed from our preliminary training so we can have confidence in the line the fire has selected. Second Edition 01/31/22 52 OVERVIEW Three main hose loads are found on CFD engines This does not mean these are the only loads, just the more common ones TRIPLE FOLD Advantages o Deploys quicker than both the modified minuteman loads o Less chance of making a mistake during deployment due to less moving parts Disadvantages o Not as versatile around obstacles such as cars and fences o No shoulder load to carry and place in tight spaces MODIFIED MINUTEMAN Advantages o Easier to manage on your shoulder; not as tall as the bundle o Can split cars easier than a triple layer load Disadvantages o may not be enough to reach the objective o Does not deploy as quickly as a triple fold o More moving parts that may cause a deployment issue as opposed to simpler loads Second Edition 01/31/22 53 MODIFIED MINUTEMAN Advantages o More versatile around cars and fixed obstacles than the triple fold o , the dead stack is shorter and more manageable o Provides more usable hose near the entry point of the structure. The bundle should be able to reach all areas of most common residential structures o Easier to split cars since more of the instead of being dragged on the ground where it can easily catch on obstacles Disadvantages o The bundle can be difficult to manage on your shoulder. It can also be if used without straps to secure the bundle o Does not deploy as quickly as the triple fold o Has more moving parts that could possibly cause a deployment issue as opposed to simpler loads Second Edition 01/31/22 54 OVERVIEW This section shows how to build a modified minuteman load with Building this hose bundle is split into the following two steps: o Step One B (the live stack) o Step Two Loading the remaining hose (the dead stack) and connecting it to the e Click here to view Vector Solutions video on Building BUILDING THE BUNDLE The bundle is built to the approximate size of the hose bed. Companies can measure their bed and place two marks on the bay floor, similar to how most stations have marks for their high-rise packs. An additional third mark should one end to designate the location of the nozzle coupling. This ensures enough tail is left to wrap around the bundle as shown later. If no marks are present, a should be slightly shorter than the hose bed. This is to make room for the small loops in the back of the bundle. With the nozzle coupling placed on past the end of the hook if no marks are present), the crew members will begin folding the hose on its side. The crew members will start closest to themselves and build the pack away from them. This will allow the tabs on the straps securing the pack to be facing up when the pack is placed on the ground during deployment. Second Edition 01/31/22 55 The crew members will then continue to fold the hose back and forth on its side between the first two marks. They will continue until When the midpoint of the first section of the hose is reached, a small loop is placed in the rear of the bundle (opposite the nozzle end). This loop allows the midpoint of the hose to be easily grabbed when performing a back stretch or split stretch (shown later in this manual). The midpoint of the hose can easily be marked with a marker or tape. This can also help provide a quick reference point when crews are moving hose on the fireground. With the first loop at the midpoint, continue coupling is reached. The coupling should be kept at the front of the bundle, towards the nozzle. If needed, a dutchman or extra fold should be placed in the hose to ensure the coupling is placed to the front of the bundle as shown below. Keeping the coupling at the front will make it easier to find for deployment and make performing a forward stretch faster. Second Edition 01/31/22 56 Now that the coupling is properly placed, continue to fold the hose on its side until the midpoint of the second section of hose is reached. At this point, a second small loop is placed in the rear of the bundle. The midpoint might not fall exactly on the loop. That is perfectly okay as long as it is the general midpoint of the hose. Not all hose is With the second loop placed appropriately, continue loading the hose on its side back and forth until the final coupling is reached. At this point, connect the nozzle and fold it up and over the front of the bundle as shown below. Notice that the nozzle sits farther back than the midpoint coupling. This is important because it allows the strap to secure the bundle more easily. If the nozzle sits in line with the midpoint coupling, it can be bulky and hard to secure. Building the pack away from us with the straps facing up sets ourselves up for success when deploying the bundle. Remember Ear to Tab when placing the bundle on your shoulder; doing so allows the pack to be set down on the ground with the straps facing up. This prevents delays when unstrapping the bundle. Second Edition 01/31/22 57 FINISHING THE LOAD built, the remainder of the hose needs to be loaded into the Once that is connected, load the hose in a single straight stack. Place a loop in the stack of hose designed to help clear the hose bed. The farther away from the pump discharge connection the loop is, the farther the firefighter must walk to clear the bed. into the opening next to the dead stack. The two stacks will sit side by side. Connect the coupling at the tail of the bundle to the coupling on top of the dead stack like a traditional CFD modified minuteman hose load. If the hose bed divider is set up for a single stack, load the dead stack on the bottom and leave the l on top of the dead stack, bring the draped over coupling back on top of the bundle, and connect in a single stack -by-side stack configuration. Second Edition 01/31/22 58