ENG204 Engineering Drawing PDF - 1st Sem '24-'25

ENG204: ENGINEERING DRAWING Bs Electronics Engineering (1ECE-C) I Prof. Amores I 1st Sem ‘24-’25 Resistors Components that are MODULE 1: ELECTRONICS AND...

ENG204: ENGINEERING DRAWING Bs Electronics Engineering (1ECE-C) I Prof. Amores I 1st Sem ‘24-’25 Resistors Components that are MODULE 1: ELECTRONICS AND specifically designed to ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS have a certain amount of resistance are called resistors. The principal 1.1 Electronics and Electrical Symbols applications of resistors are to limit Electrical Wire current, divide voltage, and, in certain cases, generate heat. Resistor Color Code Voltage, V Voltage is defined as energy per unit of charge. Current, A Electrical current is the rate of flow of charge. Resistance, Ω Resistance is the opposition to current. Types of Resistors Variable Resistors Voltage Source Variable resistors are designed so that their A voltage source provides electrical energy resistance values can be changed easily. or electromotive force (emf), more commonly known as voltage. Variable Resistance Sensors Physical quantity alters the electrical Current Source resistance An ideal current source can provide a constant current in any load. Just as in the case of a voltage source, the ideal current source does not exist but can be approximated in practice. 1 - (1ECE-C) ENG204: ENGINEERING DRAWING Bs Electronics Engineering (1ECE-C) I Prof. Amores I 1st Sem ‘24-’25 Switches In a rotary switch, a knob is turned to Commonly used for controlling the opening make a connection between one contact or closing of circuits and any one of several others. Protective Devices FUSES and CIRCUIT BREAKERS are placed in the current path and are used to deliberately create an open circuit when the current exceeds a specified number of amperes due to a malfunction or other abnormal condition in a circuit. Ground The reference point in an electric circuit. Capacitor Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) A passive electrical component that stores switch controls a single circuit. electrical charge and has the property of Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) capacitance. switch has a single pole and two different A capacitor is an electrical device switch output options. constructed of two parallel conductive plates The Double-pole–single-throw (DPST) separated by an insulating material called switch permits simultaneous opening or the dielectric. closing of two sets of contacts. The Double-pole–double-throw (DPDT) switch provides connection from one set of contacts to either of two other sets. In the normally open push-button switch (NOPB), the connection is made between Inductor two contacts when the button is depressed, An inductor is a passive electrical and the connection is broken when the component, formed by a coil of wire, that button is released. exhibits the property of inductance. In the normally closed push-button When a length of wire is formed into a coil, it switch (NCPB), the connection between becomes an inductor. the two contacts is broken when the button is depressed. 2 - (1ECE-C) ENG204: ENGINEERING DRAWING Bs Electronics Engineering (1ECE-C) I Prof. Amores I 1st Sem ‘24-’25 4. Photodiode A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts photons (light) into electrical current. 5. Tunnel Diode Diode A tunnel diode is a very heavily doped p-n A diode conducts current when it is junction diode. In a Tunnel diode electric forward-biased when the bias voltage current decreases as the applied voltage exceeds the barrier potential. A diode increases, and at high voltage, it works as prevents current when it is reverse biased at an ordinary p-n junction diode. less than the breakdown voltage. Special Purpose Diode 6. Schottky Diode 1. Zener Diode The schottky diode is formed by the junction The zener diode is of a semiconductor with a metal, also known designed for operation as hot-carrier diode. in the reverse breakdown region. 2. Varactor Diode A varactor is basically a reverse-biased pn Transistors junction diode that A transistor is a semiconductor device that utilizes the inherent controls current between two terminals capacitance of the based on the current or voltage at a third depletion region. terminal and is used for the amplification or switching of electrical signals. 3. LED A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current flows through it. 3 - (1ECE-C) ENG204: ENGINEERING DRAWING Bs Electronics Engineering (1ECE-C) I Prof. Amores I 1st Sem ‘24-’25 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) Thyristors The device acts as a switch and remains off until the forward voltage reaches a certain value; then it turns on and conducts. Conduction continues until the current is reduced below a specified value. 4 - (1ECE-C) ENG204: ENGINEERING DRAWING Bs Electronics Engineering (1ECE-C) I Prof. Amores I 1st Sem ‘24-’25 1.2 Basic Measuring Instruments Voltmeter The instrument used to measure voltage is a voltmeter. Ammeter The instrument used to meas ure current is an ammeter Ohmmeter The instrument used to measure resistance is an ohmmeter. 5 - (1ECE-C) ENG204: ENGINEERING DRAWING Bs Electronics Engineering (1ECE-C) I Prof. Amores I 1st Sem ‘24-’25 Multimeter Analog Multimeter All three instruments are combined into a Ranges single instrument known as a multimeter, in Within each function there are several which you can choose the specific quantity ranges, as indicated by the brackets around to measure by selecting the appropriate the selector switch. function with a switch. The Ohm Scale Ohms are read on the top scale of the meter. This scale is nonlinear; that is, the values represented by each division (large or small) vary as you go across the scale. The AC-DC and DC mA Scales The second, third, and fourth scales from the top (labeled “AC” and “DC”) are used in conjunction with the DC VOLTS and AC VOLTS functions. Digital Multimeter (DMM) A DMM is a multifunction electronic instrument that can measure voltage, current, or resistance. DMMs are the most widely used type of electronic measuring instrument. Generally, DMMs provide more functions, better accuracy, greater ease of reading, and greater reliability than analog meters. The resolution of a DMM is the smallest increment of a quantity that the DMM can measure. Accuracy is an indication, usually expressed in percentage, of the range of error which is the difference in the measured and true or accepted value of a quantity. 6 - (1ECE-C) ENG204: ENGINEERING DRAWING Bs Electronics Engineering (1ECE-C) I Prof. Amores I 1st Sem ‘24-’25 Oscilloscope The frequency appears on the horizontal (X) The oscilloscope is basically a axis, and the amplitude is displayed on the graph-displaying device that traces a graph vertical (Y) axis. of a measured electrical signal on its A spectrum analyzer displays a spectrum of screen. signal amplitudes on different frequencies. In most applications, the graph shows how It enables analysis that determines whether signals change over time. signals fall within the required limits. The vertical axis of the display screen represents voltage, and the horizontal axis represents time. You can measure amplitude, period, and frequency of a signal using an oscilloscope. Spectrum Analyzer A spectrum analyzer is a device that measures and displays signal amplitude (strength) as it varies by frequency within its frequency range (spectrum). 7 - (1ECE-C)