ENG - STO - Training & Compliance - Leavitt Backhoe Presentation.PPTX
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Rubber Tire Backhoe SAFETY & OPERATION Training & Orientation for Heavy Equipment Operators 05/07/2024 1 Section 1 - Introduction to Backhoe What is a Backhoe Loader? 1) It’s an excavator 2) It’s a bucket loader 3) It’s a crane for lifting The Backhoe is the work horse of the construction industry....
Rubber Tire Backhoe SAFETY & OPERATION Training & Orientation for Heavy Equipment Operators 05/07/2024 1 Section 1 - Introduction to Backhoe What is a Backhoe Loader? 1) It’s an excavator 2) It’s a bucket loader 3) It’s a crane for lifting The Backhoe is the work horse of the construction industry. It is also very dangerous in untrained hands. 05/07/2024 2 Q) What is the # 1 safety factor when operating any type of mobile equipment? The Operator is. - 05/07/2024 With proper training With some common sense With practice to be proficient With the knowledge of safe work practice With pride in a job well done 3 Alertness / Human Error "Everyone, and that includes you and me, is sometimes careless, complacent, overconfident and stubborn. At times each of us becomes distracted, inattentive, bored and fatigued. We occasionally take chances, we misinterpret and we misread. These are completely human characteristics."...I think we can at this stage of our evolution be reasonably confident in saying that people will continue to make mistakes and human error is here for the foreseeable future... The question is: what did we learn from those mistakes? 05/07/2024 4 They DO Tip Over 05/07/2024 5 Communication Open communication is vital to any safety training program success. Cooperation between all stakeholders is essential. Open dialog is the only way to measure that the safety training program meets all the stringent standards required today. 05/07/2024 6 Section 2 - Basic Safety Guidelines & Responsibilities 05/07/2024 7 Basic Safety Employers are responsible to ensure a safety training program is in place. Each job site should have someone competent be responsible for training. Cooperation with site safety training personal is essential Equipment operators must be responsible / reliable and follow instructions. Note: CSA standard: Operators must operate in a safe manner and keep the equipment under control at all times. 05/07/2024 8 We Need React to Potential Safety Hazards 1) Identify the risks or potential hazards. 2) Communicate and discuss the hazards with all stakeholders. 3) Eliminate the hazards, or reduce them to an acceptable level by taking actions. (Best practice/CSA Standard) 05/07/2024 9 Competent Individuals Heavy equipment operators must be competent. This means well–trained, mechanically capable, fit and authorized. 05/07/2024 10 Safety Before Operation A qualified operator understands written instructions supplied by the manufacturer (operator’s manual). Has training, including actual operation of the machine. Has a good understanding of safety rules and government regulations. 05/07/2024 11 Do Not Operate Equipment Under the influence of alcohol, drugs or even some prescription medication. Do not read. Do not eat or drink. Do not allow fatigue or work requirements affect your good judgment. If you are distracted, STOP THE MACHINE. 05/07/2024 12 Accident Prevention Accidents involving powered mobile equipment can be prevented. In the event of an accident all appropriate measures need to be taken to prevent reoccurrence. The operator is the # 1 safety factor in preventing incidents or accidents. If you are involved in an accident REPORT it immediately. Incidents need to be documented also. 05/07/2024 13 Recognize Safety Information DANGER means could cause death or serious injury. WARNING means could cause serious injury. CAUTION means could cause moderate or minor injury. Read the information contained - it may save your life. 05/07/2024 14 Safety Sign Objective To alert operators of an existing or potential hazard. To identify hazards. To describe the nature of the hazard. To explain the potential consequences of exposure to potential hazard. To instruct persons how to avoid the hazards 05/07/2024 15 Follow Safety Instructions Read and understand all safety information in the operators manual - it contains information that could save your life Make sure that all decals are clean and readable Whenever you the operator is in the seat PUT THE SEAT BELT ON. Learn the controls before operating (all machines have some differences) Use the machine for the purpose intended If the machine does not have a operator’s manual - get one. 05/07/2024 16 Know and Understand The Rules Be prepared for emergencies i.e. fire extinguisher Know the limitations of the Backhoe or Excavator i.e. capacity Never modify or remove parts of the machine. Never permit riders on the machine, especially the bucket. Keep the cab, hand rails, and steps clean (i.e. grease). Make sure the windows are clean. Know the meaning of all hand signals, signs, and audible signals. 05/07/2024 17 Know Your Equipment Understand what all the indicators mean. Know the different braking characteristics. Know the steering characteristics. Know the different materials handled. 05/07/2024 18 Protect Against Noise Make sure you use hearing protection when operating Backhoes or any type of heavy equipment. 05/07/2024 19 Wear Protective Gear Hard hat. Safety shoes. Safety glasses, goggles, or a face shield. Heavy gloves. Reflective clothing. (high vise vest). Have a respirator or filter mask handy. Rain gear. 05/07/2024 20 Avoid Power Lines And Utilities Always be aware of power lines 3meters or 10 feet to 50m KVA lines In Alberta the regulations stipulate 7meters or 22.5 feet. 05/07/2024 21 Fire and Explosion Prevention Fuel can explode (even diesel). Batteries can explode. (frozen or hooked up wrong) Oily rags can self–combust. 05/07/2024 22 Service Batteries Carefully When the battery electrolyte is frozen, the battery can explode if: You try to charge the battery. You try to jump start and run the engine. Keeping the battery at full charge will prevent the electrolyte from freezing. 05/07/2024 23 Service Batteries Carefully If acid is spilled on you Flush skin with water Apply baking soda or lime to help neutralize the acid. Flush eyes with water for 15-30 minutes and get medical attention. 05/07/2024 24 Beware Of Exhaust Fumes Exhaust fumes can cause sickness or death (make sure of ventilation). 05/07/2024 25 Section 3 - Mandatory Machine Inspection 05/07/2024 26 What to Look at Check all oil and fluid levels. Check the cooling system. Check for damaged, worn, or missing parts. Check tires for cuts bulges and correct pressure. Check tracks for broken or missing parts and proper adjustment. Check the service brake for proper adjustment. Check all hoses for cracks or leaks. Perform all maintenance activities according to manufacturer’s spec. 05/07/2024 27 Check All Safety Equipment Roll over protection structure (ROPS) Falling object protective structure (FOPS). Seat belts and operator restraints. Lights, Horn and other signals. Safety signs. Check all doors ,shields, guards, and covers. Back-up alarm. Fire extinguisher or fire suppression system. Mirrors, First aid kit. Windshield wipers and washers. 05/07/2024 28 Documentation of the Results 05/07/2024 29 Section 4 – Start-Up/Shut Down/ Safe Maintenance 05/07/2024 30 Mounting and Dismounting Always use a three-point mount and dismount. Always face the machine. Never jump off a machine. Never attempt to mount or dismount a moving machine. Never use the steering wheel or any levers as a hand hold. More injuries happen simply by getting on and off the machine than any other type of related injury 05/07/2024 31 Keep Equipment Clean Make sure windows, mirrors, lights are kept clean. Make sure all platforms, steps and handrails are kept free of debris. Make sure all cleaning rags are kept out of the cab. If machine is dirty or you have a fuel spill, try to pressure wash or at least hose it down. 05/07/2024 32 Starting the Engine Before starting do a circle check make sure all pedestrians are clear. Get to know the controls (not all machines are the same) Adjust the seat and fasten the seatbelt or restraint. Make sure the park brake and/or hydraulic lock or air brakes are on and the controls are in neutral. Clear all persons from the area. Start the engine following manufacturer’s specs. 05/07/2024 33 Starting Aids Starting fluid (ether) is nasty stuff. Keep it away from any ignition source. Keep it cool. Never store it in the cab. (vapors) Never use ether above 4ºC (40ºF) - never use on a hot engine. If jumper cables are used make sure of connection (2 man). Never jump a frozen battery. Never short out the starter terminals to start. 05/07/2024 34 Know The Rules of The Road Before traveling on public roads, check local traffic regulations. Use all your lights, flashers, slow vehicle signs etc. Always carry attachments at a safe transport position. Avoid panic stops (you will get the walking affect). Avoid sharp turns. If parked on a public road for the night get off the road and use reflectors or flares. 05/07/2024 35 Hand Signals Make sure the operator and ground personal understand hand signals They save time. They prevent accidents Reduce severity of injuries. Lower the risk of accidental death. 05/07/2024 36 Engine Shut-Down Park the machine in a secure location. Avoid parking on an incline. Lower the bucket, implements or attachments. Apply the parking brake. Lock the ignition and remove the key. Lock the cab. Never leave the machine unattended when engine is running 05/07/2024 37 Cold Weather Warm-up Hydraulic functions move very slowly when cold. It is important the operator cycles functions slowly. Major damage can happen if operated cold. Run engine ½ speed for at least 5 minutes. Move track propel and swing functions slowly, short distances. If tracks are frozen raise the machine to free the tracks. Operate all cylinders increasing as they warm up to full stroke. Swing the upper structure. 05/07/2024 38 Prevent Rollaway & Runaway Machines Park on level ground Transmission should be in neutral and park brake set. Lower all equipment to the ground. Stop the engine. Block the wheels. Park away from other machines. 05/07/2024 39 Safe Maintenance Prepare The Machine Park machine on level ground. Lower all booms and attachments to the ground. Move transmission to neutral and engage the park brake. Install the frame locking bar (on articulated machines) Turn key switch to STOP. Turn battery disconnect switch OFF if equipped. Allow engine to cool. 05/07/2024 40 Safe Maintenance Some Things You Need To Do Warn others of service work (take the key out and put a “do not operate” tag on the steering wheel). 05/07/2024 41 Hydraulic Systems Hydraulic systems are pressurized to as high as 3500 psi if it gets under your skin it can kill you. Hydraulic System Valves or Levers High Pressure Pump (Driven by EWP engine, moves oil under pressure) Low Pressure 05/07/2024 (control pressure rate of flow) Supplementary line flows back to reservoir. Reservoir Oil (supply of hydraulic oil) High Pressure Hydraulic Ram (hydraulic power is turned into mechanical power) High Pressure 42 Wear eye protection (all kinds of things can happen, see the manual) Stevie Y did not wear a shield before this happened. 05/07/2024 43 Service Batteries Carefully Avoid these hazards. Fill batteries in well ventilated areas. Wear eye protection (face shield). Don’t breath the fumes, electrolyte is poison. Do not spill electrolyte. Use proper jump start procedures. 05/07/2024 44 Some things to think about Avoid Asbestos Hazards Support the Machine & Attachments Avoid Heat Near Pressurized Fluid Lines Understand all (MSDS) information sheets Remove Paint Before Welding or Burning. 05/07/2024 45 Tire Maintenance & Repair Look for Cuts, Bulges, Wear, Low air pressure. Look for missing lug bolts (remember lots of torque on wheels) Always put tires in a cage when repairing (or chain them if you don’t have access to a cage). 05/07/2024 46 Roll-Over Protection Structure (ROPS) Check for breaks in welds missing bolts etc. If somebody has made changes to the ROPS ask why. 05/07/2024 47 Completing Maintenance Activities Do a check to make sure you put it all back together. Put the key back in the ignition. Start it up and let it run for some time. Wipe the grease off the steering wheel. 05/07/2024 48 Section 5 - Backhoe Operation 05/07/2024 49 Number 1: Know The Work Area Soil type and condition of terrain. (A – B – C) Holes, outcroppings, and obstructions or blind spots. Location and severity of slopes. Visibility problems; dust, smoke or fog. Heavy traffic. Direction of travel and conditions of working base. Exact location of underground and /or overhead facilities. 05/07/2024 50 Number 2: Traveling and Carrying Loads Always know where co-workers are (you are the pro). Make sure backup signal works (use the horn often). Make slow turns (loaded machines have the right of way). Carry buckets or blades/spreader bar as low as possible. Make directional changes as smooth as possible (these machines have a lot torque and can dig up the ground quick. Try not spill any material in work area - if you do back-blade it smooth or clean it up (leaves mounds). 05/07/2024 51 Number 3: Operating On Slopes Always avoid side slope travel whenever possible. Always use a low gear in this situation. Always HAVE POWER TO TRACKS OR WHEELS when on slopes momentum will get you there. 05/07/2024 52 Backhoe Operation Backhoes can be used for digging, loading, clearing, spreading, leveling, and rough grading. Backhoes, when configured properly, can accept several different types of attachments. Backhoes have all the same functions as a Excavators. Backhoes can swing at 180 degrees, Excavators can swing 360 degrees, which makes them a little more versatile. Backhoes are mostly used for smaller excavation, when the use of large Excavators is impractical. 05/07/2024 53 Operation Being a good operator involves more than the ability to safely control the machine. Skilled operators never waste a move, and seldom move materials more than necessary. Backhoe operators are often the guys that service the machine, or at least do the greasing. We need to understand that machine pre-operational checks are required. 05/07/2024 54 Operation When you stop and think about all the different moving parts in a backhoe loader, it must be understood that an operator needs time in the seat to be proficient. The backhoe arm pivots on four different hinge points (some bucket designs have five) and the loader moves on two to three hinge points. The operator controls the stabilizer arms and moves the tractor around while loading. 05/07/2024 55 Operating Controls The main controls for a backhoe are two computer-style joysticks and/or mechanical levers. Here are the functions of the joysticks: 05/07/2024 56 Operating Controls The joystick on the left moves the boom and swings the entire backhoe from side to side. The joystick on the right moves the stick and the bucket. Pulling the joystick toward you moves the boom or the stick closer to you, and pushing the joystick away moves the boom or stick farther out. Pushing the left-hand joystick to the left swings the entire backhoe to the left, and pushing the joystick to the right swings the arm to the right. Pushing the right-hand joystick to the left scoops the bucket in, and pushing it to the right dumps the bucket out. 05/07/2024 57 Seat time Digging effectively with a backhoe requires practice. The hardest part of learning to operate is usually paying attention to all of the different things going on. It takes a lot of practice to keep all of the various controls in your mind at once. Picking up something with your arm is easy because you move every muscle automatically. But think about how hard it would be if you had to stop and think about every muscle you were moving in that one simple motion. 05/07/2024 58 Seat Time An experienced Backhoe operator doesn't even think about most of the things he or she is doing. With enough practice, the controls become second nature. But in addition to learning the controls, the operator must also learn to position the arm so that it will dig effectively. That means knowing the best angle of dig for the bucket, knowing when to move the boom and when to move the stick and getting a sense of what arm positions provide the best break out force. 05/07/2024 59 Seat Time Operating the loader is relatively simple because it only dumps, raises and lowers. The main loader control is a joystick on the right-hand side of the operator. If you pull the joystick back toward you, the hydraulic rams pushes out to lift the arms up. When you push it away from you, the arms lower. To dump out the bucket, you move the joystick to the right. To control the bucket in, you move the joystick to the left. 05/07/2024 60 Seat Time The loader bucket is pretty easy to learn compared to the backhoe. To get much use out of it, however, you have to be able to operate it while moving the tractor around the site. The tractor basically handles like a car, with a steering wheel, accelerator, brake pedal and gear shift. 05/07/2024 61 Seat Time Experienced backhoe operators use the backhoe loader in much the same way you would use a shovel or wheelbarrow at home -- they know exactly how to move the controls to dig and load quickly and effectively. And they're always thinking ahead to their next few moves. Learning how to operate the backhoe is only the first step the real skill is in knowing how to use the backhoe to accomplish different tasks. 05/07/2024 62 Seat Time The backhoe also has two hydraulic pistons near the base of the boom arm. The boom arm is connected to the tractor with a swing casting so that these pistons can swing the backhoe arm from side to side. They are synchronized so that when you push with one, the other pulls. 05/07/2024 63 Seat Time One of the most significant variables in backhoe performance is dig depth. This is simply a rating of how deep the backhoe arm can dig. Typically, dig depth is somewhere between 12 and 16 feet (3 to 5 m). Many backhoes have an extendible stick that lets them increase this dig depth a few feet when needed. Most backhoe jobs don't require operators to dig ditches and holes more than 10-feet deep, but the dig depth is still a useful measure because it also indicates how far out the backhoe can reach. 05/07/2024 64 Basic Components The main component of the tractor – loader – backhoe is the tractor. 05/07/2024 65 Weight of Components It is important to understand weight distribution (depending on the make and model). The following is and illustration of a 15,000 lb. machine. 50% Tractor @ 7,500lbs 17% Loader @ 2500lbs 33% Backhoe @ 5,000 lbs. 05/07/2024 66 Machine Orientation Boom Cylinder Operator Station Arm Cylinder Arm Crowd Dipperstick Boom Exhaust Engine Compartment Bucket Cylinder Bucket Cylinder Thumb Loader Bucket (4-1) Digging Bucket Stabilizer Cutting Edges` Stabilizer Pad Bucket Teeth Stabilizer Cylinder 05/07/2024 67 Machine Stability Because the backhoe attachment is located high above the ground and far behind the rear wheels, the center of gravity of the overall machine moves upward and rearward compared to other machines. This makes the machine light on the front end and to some degree top-heavy. Do not carry or travel with the Backhoe attachment in the elevated position - this is a dangerous practice and the machine will tip over. 05/07/2024 68 Machine Stability As a backhoe is raised and the crowd is extended outward, the center of gravity (COG) of the overall machine moves upward and rearward. This vertical change in the center of gravity has a dramatic effect on the machine’s lateral (side to side) stability. This effect is 10 fold when working on a slope. 05/07/2024 69 Slope Stability As indicated below the machine traveling on the slope is in a lateral tip over situation based on it being top heavy as well as the weight transfer to the downhill wheel. 05/07/2024 70 Slope Travel When slope travel cannot be avoided it is recommended that the operator use caution and move the backhoe attachment to the uphill side and drop the downhill stabilizer to just clear the hard surface. (DO NOT DROP THE STABILIZER INTO THE HARD SURFACE IT WILL FORCE A PIVOT TURN TO THE DOWNHILL SIDE) 05/07/2024 71 COG Considerations As the operator moves from 90 degrees right to center, then from center to 90 degrees left, They will feel the machine shift, the center of gravity indicated by the star is moving from side to side. 05/07/2024 72 Buckets General Purpose & Heavy Duty Buckets are for digging in soft to moderate material where some abrasion is expected, and may have hard-surfacing on wearing surfaces. Heavy duty buckets are for digging in moderate to hard material and feature large ground engaging tools, thick cutting edges and thick bottom and side wear plates. 05/07/2024 73 Trenching Bucket The trenching bucket is similar to the general purpose bucket design, but distinguished by its narrow width and deep design. It is used specifically for trenching. Bucket teeth are present for penetration of hard or compact material. 05/07/2024 74 Ditching & Cleanup Bucket These are extra wide and less shallow in depth. Generally used for soft material. They are also used for skimming loose material from ditches, leaving behind a smooth surface. 05/07/2024 75 05/07/2024 76 Teeth & Shanks Buckets have 2 types of cutting edges: Teeth and Smooth Cutting. 05/07/2024 77 Quick Couplers Machines have become more flexible with the use of quick coupler attachment systems. These allow ease of use and a quick change to adapt if conditions change. 05/07/2024 78 Understanding Control of a Backhoe The Boom is the largest section of the digging apparatus, And moves up and down to raise and lower. 05/07/2024 79 Understanding Control of a Backhoe The arm (dipper or crowd) which moves towards or away (i.e. in and out). 05/07/2024 80 Understanding Control of a Backhoe The bucket can curl to hold material or roll back to dump. As indicated below a thumb clamp is added. 05/07/2024 81 Using the Backhoe Bucket Use the type of digging which best suits your specific job. CROWD DIGGING: For most general excavating, leveling material, and digging trenches use the crowd cylinder for the majority of movement. 1. Position the dipper stick at vertical the move it away from the machine. 2. Retract the dipper stick and curl the bucket to make the first cut. 3. Repeat steps 1 & 2 until you reach depth required. 05/07/2024 82 Bucket Digging For power digging or working in a small area. Use the bucket cylinder for digging. 1. Lower the extended bucket to the dig area lower and force the bucket into the ground 2. Retract the dipper stick, curl (retract) the bucket until full. Note: If the bucket stalls, raise the boom If the dipper stalls roll back the bucket 05/07/2024 83 Moving With the Backhoe A. Place the backhoe in transport position, simply turn the seat and drive. Note: Moving the machine with the backhoe requires an experienced operator. 05/07/2024 84 Backhoe Movement Recommendations Swing the backhoe to center and check the area in front of the machine for co-workers Move the gear shift to neutral Release the park brake Raise the loader bucket Lift the stabilizers Retract the boom and dipperstick and place the bucket teeth into the surface Slowly extend the dipperstick and lower the boom to move forward When the loader is positioned to work reset the stabilizers. 05/07/2024 85 Positioning the Spoil Piles To prevent cave-ins, place the spoil pile at least 1m (3ft) away from the edge of the excavation. Deeper excavations will require larger areas for spoil a good operator will know that before hand. Place spoil in a area that will allow easy backfill or truck loading. Note: On slopes place piles on the high side for improved machine stability 05/07/2024 86 Leveling the Machine Operate on a firm level surface all possible. 1. Level work area first. IMPORTANT : To avoid injury from tipping or unexpected machine movement DO NOT DIG UNDER THE STABILIZERS. 05/07/2024 87 Leveling the Machine cont.: 2. Lower the stabilizers to level the machine and provide lateral stability. Take load off the rear tires with minimum clearance to the surface. 3. With front bucket in dig position. Lower until weight of the machine is off the front tires. (add additional weight in the bucket for additional counter weight) 4. Position the loader bucket in full dump if ground is icy, wet, or rocky. 05/07/2024 88 Working at Proper Angles Work perpendicular or at an angle to the stockpile to prevent the highest part of pile from collapsing over the machine. Use the backhoe bucket to remove material that may collapse. Work perpendicular or at an angle to an excavation to prevent cave-ins. Do not operate near the edge, use the Backhoe bucket to fill close-in areas. 05/07/2024 89 Using the Loader Bucket 1. Place the bucket in dig position 2. Select the appropriate gear to dig (usually first or second) 3. Move in with the cutting edge slightly turned in, at the toe of the pile. 4. Raise and curl bucket to hold load. 05/07/2024 90 Excavating With The Front Bucket Note: Buckets with teeth are recommended for excavating. Position bucket with the cutting edge slightly tipped in. Move forward and scoop the material out. If digging in dense material “pump” the loader arms for breakout of material. 05/07/2024 91 Back dragging “ Backblading” Leveling and grading can be done by backdragging with the loader bucket In reverse. Place front loader arms in float position so the bucket will follow contour of the surface 05/07/2024 92 Trenching & Excavation Begin by walking the site looking for hazards and to plan the job. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Check for buried utilities like vaults, power lines, pipelines. Activate the call before you dig system at least 48 hours in advance. Dig the trench ONCE!! Make it clean enough so you don’t have to go back. Do not straddle an open trench (cave-in from machine weight) Make the trench uniform in shape. Understand regulations in your area that pertain to excavation. 05/07/2024 93 Trenching Trenches should be dug in a “V” to prevent cave-ins. Note: Every trench dug has some difference in soil consistency. Positioning of spoil piles and the angle of the trench walls should be discussed in a pre-job analysis. 05/07/2024 94 Trenching on a Slope When trenching across a slope it is critical to level the machine so the bottom of the trench can be dug level. 1. 2. 3. Fill the downhill side of the slope. Or cut into the uphill side of the slope. Severe slopes may require both methods to level the machine 05/07/2024 95 Trenching a Straight Line For straight line trenching, drive 2 stakes in the ground at the beginning of the trench. The following is helpful during long trenching operations. Place the first stake near the starting point 2. Place the second 30ft (9m) behind the first. 3. Use the stakes as a guide while repositioning. Note: Most long trenches are surveyed beforehand. 1. 05/07/2024 96 Cave-in Prevention Work perpendicular to a trench or excavation with the propulsion motors to the rear. When positioned correctly you will maintain the ability to escape. 1. Never dig under the machine. 2. Do not drive near the edge. 3. Do not make rapid rearward moves - excessive pressure may cause the face or wall of the excavation to collapse. 4. As you cut deeper the greater the chance of collapse. 05/07/2024 97 Trench Cave-in If a cave-in occurs and cannot be reached from current dig position, drive the machine to the side at the cave-in. Set up away from the trench and clean the area. DO NOT STRADDLE THE TRENCH AND MOVE CLOSER TO THE CAVE-IN AREA 05/07/2024 98 Backfilling Trenches 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Excavations typically require backfilling. Backfill material should be non-clay. Nothing larger than 3 inches. No frozen clumps. No wood or foreign material. Bring in suitable material. Make sure of compaction. 05/07/2024 99 Roadside Ditches Water is the greatest natural destructive element that affects roadways. Ditches need to be maintained to protect roadways as well as abutting property from damage. A typical ditch contains four elements: 1. Surface 2. Inslope or foreslope 3. Backslope 4. Ditchline 05/07/2024 100 Operating the Dipperstick with Attachments When using attachments, it is recommended to retract and lock the extendible dipperstick (if applicable). Operating hydraulic hammers, compactors, etc. with the dipper extended will ultimately shorten component life. 05/07/2024 101 Working on Steep Terrain Before working steep terrain, consider these factors: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Is it the right machine for the job? Determine what type of terrain it is. Are there obstacles or irregularities? What type of soil? What if the machine breaks down (rescue plan)? 05/07/2024 102 Working on Steep Terrain 2 6. 7. 8. 9. Is there snow, mud, or vegetation that could limit traction? How has the machine previously performed on slopes? What are the capabilities of the machine. Is the operator confident and well trained. 05/07/2024 103 Operating on a Slope CAUTION: TO AVOID INJURY FROM MACHINE ROLLOVER, DO NOT TURN WHILE OPERATING ON SLOPES. Drive straight up or down slopes with The bucket as low as possible (watch the road walk) and the dipper fully retracted. 05/07/2024 104 Benching CAUTION : PREVENT POSSIBLE INJURY FROM A COLLAPSING SOIL BANK. DO NOT UNDERCUT SOIL BANK WITH THE BUCKET. Note: Start benching on a level surface. If necessary use backhoe bucket to create a level starting point to bench. 05/07/2024 105 Benching cont.: 1. With the bucket positioned at a slightly downward angle, lower the bucket into the surface and drive forward. 2. Create a windrow of spoil material to build the bench. CAUTION: Do not drop the leading front tire past the windrow edge. DO NOT work parallel to the road edge to compact spoil. 05/07/2024 106 Benching cont.: Note: Keep material in the bucket while moving forward to fill in low spots on the bench. 3. Push the windrow at a 45-90 degree angle to road edge to extend the bench 4. Compact the windrow spoil with leading front tire ONLY. 05/07/2024 107 Benching cont.: 5. Make a final grading pass to straighten uphill bank and level the bench. Note: BENCHING IS AN ART THAT IS NOT MASTERED THE FIRST TIME. EXPERIENCED OPERATORS WILL TELL STORIES OF THEIR FIRST ATTEMPT WITH A SMILE ON THEIR FACE. 05/07/2024 108 Excavating Banks and Stockpiles. CAUTION: To prevent possible injury from collapsing material, remove overhangs from the top of the bank or stockpile before starting excavation. Once that is complete, dig from the base (toe) of the pile. 05/07/2024 109 Excavating Banks and Stockpiles. cont.: Under normal conditions, start to excavate the bank or stockpile from the bottom. Work the face of the bank or stockpile evenly to prevent outcroppings and overhangs. Excavate bank or stockpile with the machine at 90 degrees of angle to the digging surface. 05/07/2024 110 Excavating Banks and Stockpiles. cont.: 1. Position the bucket on the ground to dig. ( NOTE: USE THE DIFFERNTIAL LOCK AS NECESSARY) 2. Move into the stockpile in first or second gear depending on ground conditions. 3. Raise and curl the bucket to fill. 05/07/2024 111 Automatic Control Some machines are equipped with electronic auto – function control on the front bucket. Return to dig: repositions the loader bucket for another dig cycle after being dumped. Bucket height: stops the loader arms at a pre-selected dump height. Return to travel: stops a lowing bucket at the pre-selected carry height above the ground. 05/07/2024 112 Automatic Control Cont. Generally these are set at the factory but can be changed by the operator. Older model machines will have mechanical linkage to perform the same function. 05/07/2024 113 Ride Control This system when equipped will help smooth out travel. It reduces “machine walk” (front to back rocking). The ride control will improve material retention in the bucket. The system can be shut off at the operators discretion. 05/07/2024 114 Loading Trucks Make sure the loading area is level and dressed. This will help maximize machine stability, increase productivity, and decrease operator fatigue. 1. 2. 3. Trucks should be loaded from the back or side. Never swing the bucket over the cab. Know where the truck driver is at all times. DO NOT LOAD UNTIL HIS LOCATION IS DETERMINED. Note: always know who is in the bite. 05/07/2024 115 Loading from Elevated position Position the machine so that the digging and dumping areas are of equal distance from the machine. This reduces the need for repositioning of digging components after each digging or dumping sequence. Done properly the operator can quickly transfer between digging and dumping, resulting in a smooth productive cycle. 05/07/2024 116 Steps for Loading Trucks 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Fill and curl bucket Raise boom towards maximum height. Move arm outward to raise bucket while rotating towards the truck. Slow rotation speed prior to reaching target. Pour material in center of truck, load center-front to center back. Keep bucket open and arm extended until sideboard is clear, rotate back to dig. Look to dig area making adjustments during return. 05/07/2024 117 Laying Pipe While excavating a trench to a predetermined width, depth and grade, you will need to put down some bedding material i.e. sand crushed rock or drain rock. Bed material will most likely need compaction (engineered). This compacted material will protect the pipe from damage. The operator needs to be aware of some factors when laying pipe in the trench: 1. Length of the pipe 2. Weight of the pipe (thin wall versus heavy wall) 3. How to rig the pipe for lifting 4. Are there co-workers in the area? 05/07/2024 118 Laying Pipe It is important to understand that pipe laying needs extra focus. 1. You will most likely have fitters in the trench. 2. Know that as you move out with weight an imbalance can take place. 3. Rigging needs to meet criteria. 05/07/2024 119 Steps for Safe Lifting 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Understand “Basic Rigging”. Inspect rigging hardware before and after use. Position the machine close to the load (short stick lifting). Secure appropriate sling or chain to a designated attachment point. Coordinate hand signals with signal person before lifting. Attach a tagline to the load to control spin. Clear area of by-standers. 05/07/2024 120 Steps for Safe Lifting 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Test load prior to lift. If the load is unstable lower to the ground and reset the rigging. Lift the load straight up and only as high as necessary. Move load smoothly and slowly to designated location. Lower and stabilize load by blocking if necessary. Never lift or swing loads over people. Never lift or carry people with the machine. 05/07/2024 121 Demolition Always use extreme caution when performing demolition operations as many hazards exist. Unstable structures The potential for personal injury to coworkers / bystanders. Maintain as safe distance when reaching wit the boom. Avoid using the backside of the bucket. Position tracks in a manner that allows an “Escape Route”. Post a watch person to control the scene. Use barricades. 05/07/2024 122 Operating In Water & Mud Water and mud can do a lot of damage to a machine if the upper surface of the undercarriage is submerged. It will mean costly repair and significant downtime. Ways to prevent becoming stuck or submerged: 1. Avoid or drive around questionable areas. 2. Use available resources to create a foundation for the machine. 3. Develop drainage, and than return in future. 4. Schedule work for drier days. 5. Consider alternative machinery. 05/07/2024 123 Cold Weather Operation Cold weather can cause many problems, during these severe conditions special MTC and operating instructions are required. Batteries and electrical systems 2. Cooling systems 3. Fuel system and supply 4. Lubrication 5. Hydraulic Systems Refer to the operators manual for severe weather conditions. All machines have some difference 1. 05/07/2024 124 Review Questions Q) Why do employers safety train? a) It’s the law b) It reduces the cost of injuries c) It reduces the damage to product d) All of the above Q) When mounting or dismounting a Backhoe you must always use: e) 2 point contact f) 3 point contact g) 4 point contact h) An elevator 05/07/2024 125 Review Questions Q) How often should you perform a complete walk around inspection ? a) Once a week b) Once a day c) Three times a week d) Each time you start up or shutdown the Backhoe Q) Who is responsible for the safe operation of any mobile equipment? e) The manager f) The operator g) The mechanic h) The WCB 05/07/2024 126 Review Questions Q) How should an operator react to safety hazards? a) Identify the risks and hazards b) Communicate the risks and hazards to others c) Eliminate the risks and hazards d) All of the above Q) Pick two correct answers for the following regarding start-up procedures e) Recommend 5 minute engine warm up f) Stall the transmission to see how hot it gets g) Cycle the hydraulics h) Move the Backhoe back and forth to check the tires 05/07/2024 127 Review Questions Q) Whenever you get into the operator’s seat, what is the first thing you must do? a) Clean the windshield b) Put on the seatbelt c) Test the horn d) Have a cup of coffee Q) When using attachments other than buckets: e) Carry the load high for better visibility f) Travel as fast as you can without losing the load g) Keep the load centered on the attachment and carry the load as low as possible h) None of the above 05/07/2024 128 Review Questions Q) When loading the bucket: a) Use the corner of the bucket b) Keep the loader square to the face of the pile c) Keep the loader articulated while in the face of the stock pile d) None of the above Q) Noise exposure on backhoes is a problem, what should you consider? e) Keep the door closed f) Turn off the radio g) Use hearing protection h) Get a new muffler 05/07/2024 129 Review Questions Q) When parking a machine you should: a) Park on level ground b) Put the transmission in neutral c) Put the attachments on the ground d) All of the above Q) If you are doing maintenance on a backhoe attachment you should: e) Get permission from a supervisor f) Support the attachments g) Don’t get grease on the steering wheel 05/07/2024 130 Review Questions Q) ROPS means what? a) b) c) Roll over protective structure Really working perfect system Roll over performance system Q) Exposure to diesel exhaust will: d) e) f) g) Give you a headache Make you vomit Irritate eyes nose and throat All of the above 05/07/2024 131 Review Questions Q) Backhoes have a lot of vibration: a) Don’t worry about it! It’s good for you b) Isolate the source of the vibration and fix it c) Slow the loader down during travel Q) What is the first step an operator should perform when preparing to operate the backhoe attachment? d) Rotate the bucket to the dump position e) Remove the swing lockpin f) Extend the length of the boom g) Lower the stabilizers 05/07/2024 132 Review Questions Q) A multi use bucket is for a) General use b) Used as a dozer c) Used as a clam d) Used as a scrapper e) All of the above Q) When shutting down a backhoe f) Let it idle for 5 minutes to cool the turbo g) Clean the windows h) Check that all your co-workers have gone home 05/07/2024 133 Review Questions Q) When traveling, how should the bucket be carried? a) It does not matter b) 14/16” off the ground c) Half way up the cylinder stroke d) So you can see under the bucket Q) When operating on side slopes: e) Never work across slopes the risk of tip over is to great f) Put one set of wheels on each side of the slope you will be fine. g) Keep the bucket as low as possible 05/07/2024 134 Review Questions Q) Improper loading techniques with a multipurpose bucket can cause unnecessary damage to the bucket. A) True B) False Q) Adding attachments to the Backhoe: a) b) c) d) It does not matter as long as you are careful Affects the stability of the loader Don’t do it your supervisor will get mad Make sure the loader has lots of hydraulic fluid 05/07/2024 135 Review Questions Q) A good operator always: a) Keeps his work area clean b) Knows safety is job #1 c) Keeps his backhoe well maintained d) All of the above Q) When loading big rock into a truck always: e) Put down some cushion material in the truck bed to absorb the shock f) Trucks are built to take the impact g) Let the rock roll off the bucket 05/07/2024 136 Review Questions Q) Before traveling on a public road with a backhoe make sure to: a) Use all the lights and flashers b) Use slow vehicle signs c) Always carry the attachments at a safe transport position d) All of the above Q) In backhoe terminology the dipper stick is used for: e) Checking for the hydraulic fluid level f) A surveyor elevation stick g) How level the machine is h) It is the secondary part of the boom that is used to reach to greater distance and depth. 05/07/2024 137 Review Questions Q) When working in soil classified “hard and compact” the walls need to be sloped: a) 3 meters from the bottom at 60 degrees. b) 1.5 meters from the bottom at 45 degrees c) 1.5 meters from the bottom at 30 degrees d) It does not matter the walls are hard and compact Q) When workers have to enter a trench more than 1.5 metres deep the safe point of entry needs to be within : e) 25 metres f) 50 metres g) 8 metres h) 13.5 metres 05/07/2024 138 Review Questions Q. Spoil piles must be 1 metre away from the edge of the excavation at 45 degrees. A) True 05/07/2024 B) False 139 Identify the parts 05/07/2024 140