Eng 402 - Organization of Human Body PDF

Organization of the Human Body Organization of the Human Body Anatomy and physiology defined Levels of organization and body systems Life processes Homeostasis Body cavities  Anatomy and PhysiologyDefined  Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts  S...

Organization of the Human Body Organization of the Human Body Anatomy and physiology defined Levels of organization and body systems Life processes Homeostasis Body cavities  Anatomy and PhysiologyDefined  Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts  Study of how the body and its parts work or function  Anatomy and PhysiologyDefined Anatomy  Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts Physiology  Study of how the body and its parts work or function Levels of Organization and Body Systems Chemical Level Cellular Level Tissue Level Organ Level System Level Organismal Level Animati on: Homeostatic Relationships You must be connected to the internet to run this animation. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.  Life Processes All living organisms have certain characteristics that set them apart from nonliving things The following are six important life processes of humans  - sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body  - the body’s ability to detect and respond to changes in its internal (inside the body) or external (outside the body) environment  - includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny organelles inside cells  - increase in body size  - the process whereby unspecialized cells become specialized cells  - refers to either (1) the formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement or (2) the production of a new individual  Life Processes All living organisms have certain characteristics that set them apart from nonliving things The following are six important life processes of humans  Metabolism - sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body  Responsiveness - the body’s ability to detect and respond to changes in its internal (inside the body) or external (outside the body) environment  Movement - includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny organelles inside cells  Growth - increase in body size  Differentiation - the process whereby unspecialized cells become specialized cells  Reproduction - refers to either (1) the formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement or (2) the production of a new individual Life Processes – Survival Needs Water  60–80% of body weight  Allows metabolic reaction Maintenance of stable body temperature Maintenance of appropriate atmospheric pressure Homeostasis – Maintaining Limits Homeostasis ensures that the body’s internal environment remains constant despite changes inside and outside the body Homeostasis is a dynamic state of equilibrium Homeostasis is necessary for normal body function and life Homeostatic imbalance = disease Animati on: Communication, Regulation and Homeostasis You must be connected to the internet to run this animation. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Parts of a Feedback System Negative Feedback System Animati on: Negative Feedback Control of Blood Pressure You must be connected to the internet to run this animation. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Animati on: Positive Feedback Control of Labor You must be connected to the internet to run this animation. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Anatomical Terms – The Language of Anatomy Anatomical terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding Exact terms are used for  Locations  Direction  Regions  Structures Anatomical Terms – Directional Terms Anatomical Terms – Body Planes and Sections section – divides body (or organ) into left and right portions Median, or , section – divides body (or organ) into equal left and right portions section - divides body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts  “cuts off your face” , or cross, section – divides body (or organ) into superior and inferior parts  “cuts off your legs” Anatomical Terms – Body Planes and Sections Sagittal section – divides body (or organ) into left and right portions Median, or midsagittal, section - divides body (or organ) into equal left and right portions Frontal section – divides body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts  “cuts off your face” Transverse, or cross, section – divides body (or organ) into superior and inferior parts  “cuts off your legs” Body Cavities The Thoracic The dashed lines indicate the borders of the mediastinum. The mediastinum is the anatomical region medial to the lungs Cavity that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm. The Thoracic The dashed lines indicate the borders of the mediastinum. The mediastinum is the anatomical region medial to the lungs Cavity that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm. Regions of the Abdominopelvic Cavity Quadrants of the Abdominopelvic Cavity