Endocrine System PDF

The Endocrine system  Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, you’ll be able to describe the roles of the hormones in the human body. At the end of this lesson, you’ll be able to describe the roles of the hormones in the human body. At the end of this lesson, you’ll be able t...

The Endocrine system  Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, you’ll be able to describe the roles of the hormones in the human body. At the end of this lesson, you’ll be able to describe the roles of the hormones in the human body. At the end of this lesson, you’ll be able to differentiate the nervous system and endocrine system.  Endocrine system Similar to the nervous system, the endocrine system controls and regulates body processes. Generally, the endocrine system is in control of the mechanisms in the body that slowly take place, such as cell growth. Rapid processes, such as body movement and breathing, are controlled by the nervous system. Although these two systems are different, they work together in a coordinate manner to enable the body to function properly. After studying about the nervous system, now you will learn about the endocrine system, its functions, and the glands that comprise the system. Endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete different types of hormones that affect almost every cell, organ, and function of our body. It is essential in regulating growth and development, metabolism, as well as reproductive processes and mood.  Endocrine glands secrete chemicals known as hormones into the bloodstream, which carries them throughout the body. When a hormone in the blood reaches the target organ, it produces a notable effect. The endocrine system sends signals all over the body, much like the nervous system, but unlike the instant responses activated by the nervous system, the effects can take a few hours or even weeks.  The Role of Hormones in the Human Body  What is a hormone? Hormones are chemical molecules that are released into the bloodstream by glands – which affects the activity of cells and tissues in our body. Pituitary Gland Often called the "master gland," it controls many other endocrine glands and regulates growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress responses. LOCATION: At the base of the brain Pituitary Gland - Oxytocin Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and promotes bonding and trust. Application: Encourages bonding in relationships through physical affection, breastfeeding, and emotional connection. Pituitary Gland - Vasopressin Regulates water balance in the body by reducing urine production. Application: Staying hydrated and managing conditions like diabetes insipidus. Pituitary Gland - Growth Hormone Stimulates growth, cell repair, and metabolism. Application: Promotes recovery after exercise, supports muscle growth, and addresses growth disorders. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Stimulates cortisol production in the adrenal glands, helping the body respond to stress. Application: Stress management techniques reduce overproduction of cortisol. Pituitary Gland - Prolactin Promotes milk production in breastfeeding mothers. Application: Breastfeeding mothers rely on this hormone to nurse infants effectively. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Triggers ovulation and stimulates testosterone production. Application: Supports fertility treatments and menstrual cycle tracking. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Stimulates egg development in ovaries and sperm production in testes. Application: Key in fertility evaluations and treatments.  Thyroid gland is located in Thyroid the front part of the neck and is wrapped around our windpipe (trachea). Below the voice box. Regulates metabolism, energy, and calcium balance. Thyroxin (T4) Regulates metabolism & energy, Application: Monitoring thyroid health for weight management and energy regulation.  Calcitonin Lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption. Application: Used in managing osteoporosis or high calcium levels.  Located in Parahyroid the Neck in thyroid gland Regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood and bones.  Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and calcium absorption. Application: Managing calcium imbalances and bone health. Thymus Gland Vital for immune system development during childhood. LOCATION: in the upper chest, between the lungs, and behind the breastbone Thymus Gland - Thymosin Stimulates T-cell production for immune function. Application: Supporting immunity through nutrition and health maintenance.  Adrenal glands are Adrenal glands located in the epigastrium at the top of Produces hormones the kidney. that regulate stress responses, metabolism, and electrolyte balance.  – also known as epinephrine Adrenaline – is a hormone released by the adrenal gland into the bloodstream. This targets vital organs and allows the body to respond quickly in critical situations. Application: Understanding its role in emergency responses and stress management.  located Pancreas between the kidneys Regulates blood sugar and aids digestion.  Insulin Lowers blood sugar by promoting glucose uptake into cells. Application: Essential in diabetes management through monitoring and insulin therapy.  Glucagon Raises blood sugar by promoting glucose release from the liver. Application: Used in managing hypoglycemia, especially for diabetics.  Testes Produces sperm Testes (Testis: singular) are found inside and male sex the scrotum. Lower abdomen hormones.  Testosterone Testosterone is a hormone produced by the male sex gland called the testes. It controls the developmental changes in males such as deeper voice, libido, facial and pubic hair and growth in muscle and bone strength.  Androgen Promotes male sexual development, muscle growth, and libido. Application: Managing conditions like low testosterone levels or supporting athletic performance.  Ovaries Produces eggs and female sex hormones. Ovaries (Ovary: singular) are found on either side of the uterus. Lower abdomen  Estrogen estrogen is a hormone produced by the female sex gland called the ovary. It controls the developmental changes in females, such as breast development and the release of egg cells, which marks the beginning of menstruation.  Progestrone Supports pregnancy and regulates the menstrual cycle. Application: Used in fertility treatments and managing menstrual disorders.  Group Activity # 3 Goal: Your objective is to present information to the public about the common and effective contraceptive measures used in family planning, in line with the Reproductive Health Law. The video that you will create must be in persuasive form. The challenge is how you will be able to convince people about the benefits of various contraceptive measures using gathered facts and scientific evidences. Role: Assume the role of a professional video production team. You are tasked to produce a promotional video that will be used in campaign advertising about various contraceptive measures used in family planning.