Endocrine Exam 1 Practice Questions PDF

**1. What is endocrinology?** a\) The study of digestion\ b) The study of the endocrine system and hormones\ c) The study of cell division\ d) The study of gene expression **2. What is a hormone?** a\) A digestive enzyme\ b) A neurotransmitter\ c) A substance that travels through blood to affect...

**1. What is endocrinology?** a\) The study of digestion\ b) The study of the endocrine system and hormones\ c) The study of cell division\ d) The study of gene expression **2. What is a hormone?** a\) A digestive enzyme\ b) A neurotransmitter\ c) A substance that travels through blood to affect distant cells\ d) A molecule found only in the brain **3. Who conducted the first recorded endocrine experiment?** a\) Claude Bernard\ b) Arnold Berthold\ c) Walter Cannon\ d) Charles Brown-Séquard **4. What substance did Charles Brown-Séquard inject himself with?** a\) Plant extracts\ b) Testicular extracts\ c) Pancreatic extracts\ d) Insulin **5. What is the significance of Claude Bernard's work?** a\) He discovered insulin.\ b) He described the importance of a regulated internal environment.\ c) He identified acetylcholine.\ d) He introduced the term \"hormone.\" **6. What does \"le milieu intérieur\" refer to?** a\) The digestive system\ b) The endocrine system\ c) The internal environment of the body\ d) The central nervous system **7. What did Walter Cannon study?** a\) The effects of insulin on blood sugar\ b) Stress and emotional stimuli on the digestive process\ c) The role of acetylcholine in muscle contraction\ d) The development of synthetic hormones **8. Who coined the term \"homeostasis\"?** a\) Sir William Bayliss\ b) Frederick Banting\ c) Walter Cannon\ d) Rosalyn Yalow **9. What hormone was the first described?** a\) Insulin\ b) Secretin\ c) Oxytocin\ d) Adrenaline **10. What was the primary role of secretin?** a\) To regulate blood sugar levels\ b) To stimulate the pancreas to release bicarbonate\ c) To increase heart rate\ d) To control reproductive cycles **11. What year did Banting and Best discover insulin?** a\) 1905\ b) 1910\ c) 1921\ d) 1930 **12. What organ produces insulin?** a\) Pancreas\ b) Liver\ c) Thyroid\ d) Adrenal glands **13. What was the primary purpose of castrating young boys historically?** a\) To maintain a high-pitched singing voice\ b) To improve physical strength\ c) To prevent hair growth\ d) To extend lifespan **14. Who introduced the term \"hormone\"?** a\) Ernest Starling\ b) William Bayliss\ c) Claude Bernard\ d) Arnold Berthold **15. Which scientist discovered acetylcholine?** a\) Walter Cannon\ b) Sir Henry Hallett Dale\ c) Rosalyn Yalow\ d) Frederick Banting **16. What did Frederick Sanger determine?** a\) The role of secretin in digestion\ b) The effects of stress on the body\ c) The structure of insulin\ d) The synthesis of oxytocin **17. What is radioimmunoassay used for?** a\) Measuring hormone concentrations\ b) Identifying neurotransmitters\ c) Analyzing protein structures\ d) Diagnosing diabetes **18. What did Ernst and Berta Scharrer discover?** a\) Secretory droplets in hypothalamic neurons\ b) The function of the adrenal glands\ c) The role of insulin in diabetes\ d) The importance of the internal environment **19. What was one result of pre-pubertal castration in humans?** a\) Increased lifespan\ b) Development of male secondary characteristics\ c) Eunuchoid body proportions\ d) Enhanced voice range **20. What is Dale's Principle?** a\) One gland produces multiple hormones\ b) One cell releases one messenger\ c) Hormones only affect nearby cells\ d) Hormones are stored in the liver **21. What did Vincent du Vigneaud achieve?** a\) Synthesized oxytocin and vasopressin\ b) Determined the structure of insulin\ c) Discovered acetylcholine\ d) Coined the term \"hormone\" **22. What are endocrine disruptors?** a\) Chemicals that enhance hormone function\ b) Substances that interfere with the endocrine system\ c) Synthetic hormones used in replacement therapy\ d) Natural hormones that cause cancer **23. Who co-authored \"A Textbook of Comparative Endocrinology\"?** a\) Rosalyn Yalow and Claude Bernard\ b) Howard Bern and Aubrey Gorbman\ c) William Bayliss and Ernest Starling\ d) Ernst and Berta Scharrer **24. What discovery earned Rosalyn Yalow a Nobel Prize?** a\) Synthesis of hormones\ b) Discovery of insulin\ c) Development of radioimmunoassay\ d) Identification of acetylcholine **25. What does the endocrine system regulate?** a\) Hormonal communication between distant tissues\ b) Circulatory processes in the body\ c) Sensory responses to the environment\ d) Muscle contraction **26. What is the primary function of insulin?** a\) To increase blood sugar levels\ b) To regulate glucose uptake in cells\ c) To stimulate digestion\ d) To promote bone growth **27. Which scientist conducted experiments on capons to demonstrate the role of testes?** a\) Walter Cannon\ b) Claude Bernard\ c) Arnold Berthold\ d) Charles Brown-Séquard **28. What term describes the stability of an organism's internal environment?** a\) Homeostasis\ b) Hormonal equilibrium\ c) Biological constancy\ d) Endocrine regulation **29. What effect does secretin have on the pancreas?** a\) Stimulates insulin production\ b) Causes the release of bicarbonate to neutralize acid\ c) Inhibits digestive enzyme secretion\ d) Stimulates glucagon production **30. What was the primary purpose of the Association for the Study of Internal Secretions, established in 1916?** a\) To discover new hormones\ b) To focus on endocrine research and education\ c) To regulate endocrine therapy\ d) To identify diseases related to the endocrine system **31. What was a major conclusion of Ernst and Berta Scharrer's research?** a\) Neurons can act like gland cells by secreting substances\ b) Hormones are only produced by glands\ c) The pancreas is both an exocrine and endocrine organ\ d) Hormones regulate nervous system responses **32. Which hormone is involved in regulating uterine contractions during childbirth?** a\) Oxytocin\ b) Insulin\ c) Secretin\ d) Testosterone **33. What did Howard Bern's studies of diethylstilbestrol (DES) help scientists understand?** a\) Its ability to cure diabetes\ b) Its role in causing cancer\ c) Its effects on neurotransmitter function\ d) Its potential to enhance athletic performance **34. What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?** a\) Regulating blood pressure\ b) Controlling hunger and thirst\ c) Secreting hormones that regulate the pituitary gland\ d) Stimulating the adrenal glands **35. Which of the following best describes neuroendocrine cells?** a\) Cells that produce neurotransmitters only\ b) Nerve cells that secrete hormones into the blood\ c) Endocrine cells that release digestive enzymes\ d) Gland cells that transmit electrical signals **36. What discovery did Sir Henry Hallett Dale make about the pituitary gland?** a\) Its role in secreting oxytocin\ b) Its connection to the pancreas\ c) Its involvement in stress responses\ d) Its secretion of secretin **37. In what year did Walter Cannon coin the term \"homeostasis\"?** a\) 1900\ b) 1929\ c) 1945\ d) 1955 **38. Which scientist's work introduced the idea of replacement therapy?** a\) Ernest Starling\ b) Charles Brown-Séquard\ c) Frederick Banting\ d) Vincent du Vigneaud **39. What is one effect of endocrine disruptors in the environment?** a\) Enhanced hormone production\ b) Interference with normal hormonal signaling\ c) Improved regulation of insulin\ d) Increased metabolic rates **40. Who determined the structure of insulin?** a\) Frederick Sanger\ b) Ernest Starling\ c) Howard Bern\ d) Charles Best **41. What does oxytocin regulate besides childbirth?** a\) Heart rate\ b) Stress responses\ c) Social bonding\ d) Blood sugar levels **42. What term is used to describe chemical signals that act on nearby cells?** a\) Hormones\ b) Paracrine signals\ c) Neurotransmitters\ d) Exocrine signals **43. What is the role of the pituitary gland in the endocrine system?** a\) Produces all hormones\ b) Secretes regulatory hormones that control other glands\ c) Stores glucose for energy\ d) Regulates the digestive process **44. What does the term \"eunuchoid\" describe?** a\) A condition caused by pre-pubertal castration\ b) A hormonal imbalance during menopause\ c) An overproduction of insulin\ d) A synthetic hormone used in research **45. What did Vincent du Vigneaud synthesize in 1955?** a\) Insulin and secretin\ b) Oxytocin and vasopressin\ c) Testosterone and estrogen\ d) Acetylcholine and secretin **46. What does the term \"endocrine\" mean?** a\) Internal secretion\ b) Hormonal imbalance\ c) Neural signaling\ d) External secretion **47. What was Rosalyn Yalow\'s major contribution to endocrinology?** a\) Discovering insulin\ b) Developing a method for measuring hormones\ c) Identifying endocrine disruptors\ d) Synthesizing vasopressin **48. What is secretin's primary role in digestion?** a\) Stimulating the secretion of hydrochloric acid\ b) Neutralizing stomach acid in the small intestine\ c) Breaking down proteins in the stomach\ d) Activating enzymes in the pancreas **49. What was Claude Bernard's key contribution to biology?** a\) Discovering oxytocin\ b) Developing the concept of \"le milieu intérieur\"\ c) Identifying the role of the pancreas in digestion\ d) Co-authoring a textbook on endocrinology **50. What is the primary role of comparative endocrinology?** a\) Studying hormones across different species\ b) Developing synthetic hormones for therapy\ c) Measuring hormone levels in humans\ d) Identifying environmental causes of disease