EMS Final Review PDF

EMS FINAL REVIEW WEEK 1 REVIEW- CH 1 & CH 4 I. INFECTION CONTROL & DISEASE PREVENTION a. SHARPS GO INTO SHARPS CONTAINER II. CONTAMINATED MATERIALS a. DIAPERS ARE DISPOSED IN TRASH CAN III. PPE & BSI a. USE OF N95 WITH TB PTS b. USE OF FA...

EMS FINAL REVIEW WEEK 1 REVIEW- CH 1 & CH 4 I. INFECTION CONTROL & DISEASE PREVENTION a. SHARPS GO INTO SHARPS CONTAINER II. CONTAMINATED MATERIALS a. DIAPERS ARE DISPOSED IN TRASH CAN III. PPE & BSI a. USE OF N95 WITH TB PTS b. USE OF FACE SHIELD WITH INTUBATIONS c. HAND HYGIENE- HAND WASHING #1 WAY TO HELP INFECTION TRANSMISSION IV. PROPER LIFTING TECHNIQUES- BODY MECHANICS a. LOAD CLOSE TO BODY, USE LEGS WHEN LIFTING, AVOID TWISTING/ TURNING, b. *COMMUNICATION W TEAM FOR COORDINATION* i. DESIGNATE 1 PERSON TO LEAD VERBAL COMMANDS V. EMS WELLNESS & STRESS MANAGEMENT a. IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH/ WELLNESS/ BEHAVIOR CHANGE PROGRAMS i. EDUCATION ON NUTRITION/ HYDRATION- LACK OF HYDRATION LEADS TO KIDNEY STONES ii. SMOKING CESSATION GREATEST CARDIOVASCULAR BENEFIT b. STRESS MANAGEMENT i. TECHNIQUES- REFRAMING THOUGHTS, CONTROLLED BREATHING TO MANAGE ACUTE STRESS  ii. PHASES OF STRESS (HANS STYLE)- ALARM/ FIGHT OR FLIGHT, RESISTANCE COPING MECHANISMS ACTIVATE, EXHAUSTION LEADS TO DIMINISHED ABILITY TO REST c. SAFETY/ EDUCATION PROGRAMS i. DRIVER SAFETY ii. INJURY/ ILLNESS PREVENTION iii. EDUCATION TRAINING- PROPER HYDRATION/ SAFE LIFTING TECHNIQUES d. SMOKING/ BEHAVIOR CHANGES* i. USE OF REPLACEMENT THERAPY OR COLD TURKEY QUITTING VI. ETHICAL/ PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES a. HANDLING EXPOSURE- REPORTING EXPOSURES AND USING PROPER MEDICAL PRECAUTIONS (BSI/ PPE) TO PROTECT AGAINST COMMUNICABLE DISEASES VII. SOME WEEK 1 TEST QUESTIONS a. WHAT PLACES A PARAMEDIC AT A HIGHER RISK FOR A STRESS REACTION? HIGH SELF EXPECTATIONS b. EXPOSURE WORTH REPORTING PURPOSES? TREATING TB PT WHILE WEARING A SURGICAL MASK c. WHAT PLAN REDUCES THE CHANCE OF SERIOUS INJURY OF AN EMPLOYEE? IMPLEMENT A SAFETY DRIVER COURSE d. COMMON HEALTH COMMUNICABLE DISEASE PREVENTION TACTICS? PROPER HAND WASHING, DIAPER DISPOSAL, AND PROPER CLEANING OF ABSORBENTS e. CORRECT REGARDING DISPOSAL OF BLOODY IV SUPPLIES? NEEDLES IN SHARPS AND BLOODIED SUPPLIES IN BIO BAG  f. PARAMEDICS PRINCIPAL ROLE IN PROMOTING WELLNESS? PARTICIPATING IN WELLNESS PROGRAMS THEMSELVES g. BEST REASON TO PROPERLY LIFT AND MOVE PATIENTS DURING EMERGENCY MOVES? REDUCE RISK OF INJURY h. STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE? REFRAMING THOUGHTS i. WHAT CAN BE TRANSMITTED THROUGH AIRBORNE DROPLETS AND DIRECT CONTACT? MEASLES j. WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT PIECE OF EQUIPMENT TO BRING ON SCENE? AED WEEK 2 REVIEW- CH 2 & CH 3 I. OVERVIEW OF EMS SYSTEMS a. COMPONENTS? i. OUT-OF-HOSPITAL: COMMUNITY RESPONDERS, EMS, FIRE/RESCUE, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SERVICES, LAW ENFORCEMENT & UTILITIES ii. IN-HOSPITAL: EMERGENCY RN’S, ADVANCED PA’S, DR’S, MENTAL HEALTH PROVIDERS, REHAB SERVICES b. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES- TELEMEDICINE, SMARTPHONE APPS FOR EMERGENCIES, VIRTUAL CONSULTS II. HX/ DEVELOPMENT OF EMS a. KEY MILESTONES: 1966(THE WHITE PAPER), 1970( ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL REGISTRY, 1973(EMS SYSTEMS ACT OUTLINED 15 COMPONENTS OF EMS) III. ROLES/ RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMS  a. PREPARATION, RESPONSE(PERSONAL/SCENE SAFETY), PT ASSESSMENT, PT MANAGEMENT(USE OF MEDICAL DIRECTION PRN), DISPOSITION/ DOCUMENTATION(HONOR PT PREFERENCE IF ABLE) IV. PROFESSIONALISM a. LEADERSHIP, EMPATHY, INTEGRITY, TEAMWORK, TIME MANAGEMENT b. APPEARANCE- CLEAN, PRESSED UNIFORMS * c. ETHICS*- EMS CODE OF ETHICS i. PT FIRST ATTITUDE/ QUALITY CARE- TREAT PT HOW YOU WANT YOUR FAMILY TREATED* V. EMS PROTOCOLS/ MEDICAL OVERSIGHT a. DEVELOPED/ CREATED BY MEDICAL DIRECTORS W EMS INPUT b. STANDING ORDERS c. SCOPE OF PRACTICE-DEFINED BY STATE REGS AND MEDICAL DIRECTOR DELAGATION i. LOCAL PROTOCOLS- MEDICAL DIRECTOR VI. EDUCATION, CERTIFICATION, LICENSURE a. EMR v EMT v AEMT v PARAMEDIC b. WHY IS CONTINUING EDUCATION IMPORTANT? i. REFRESHER COURSE FOR RECERT AND SKILL MAINTENANCE ii. CERTIFICATION EXAMS ARE ADMINISTERED BY THE NATIONAL REGISTRY TO ESTABLISH COMPETENCY* VII. SCENE MANAGEMENT/ QUALITY IMPROVEMENT a. SYSTEM-WIDE CARE EVALS b. SCENE ROLES-DEFINED ROLES MINIMIZE ERRORS/ DUPLICATION* c. MOST IMPORTANT PIECE OF EQUIPMENT TO BRING TO EVERY SCENE? AED* VIII. ADVANCED EMS CONCEPTS  a. EMS RESEARCH- EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE ENHANCES CARE PROTOCOLS i. REASON FOR PARTICIPATION IN EMS? TO SEE IF WHAT WE USE IN THE FIELD WORKS BEFORE IMPLEMENTING IT FURTHER. 1. EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE ENHANCES CARE PROTOCOLS IX. GENERALIZED WEEK 2 EXAM a. WHAT IS THE ROLE OF NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS AND OF A NATIONAL REGISTRY AGENCY? PROVIDES THE FOUNDATION TO ENSURE COMPETENCY OF OUT-OF-HOSPITAL EMS PERSONNEL i. LOCAL/ STATE-LEVEL AGENCIES: DEFINE WHO MAY FUNCTION WITHIN SYSTEM AND ALLOCATE FUNDS; ENACT LEGISTATION b. HOW MEDICS BENEFIT THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM BY SUPPORTING PRIMARY CARE TO PTS IN OUT-OF-HOSPITAL SETTING? PROMOTE WELLNESS/ PREVENTING ILLNESS & INJURY (PURPOSE OF HAVING COMMUNITY PARAMEDICINE/ MOBILE INTEGRATED HEALTH PROGRAMS), PT DESTINATION IS NO LONGER JUST ED: URGENT CARE, CRISIS CENTER ETC., EDUCATES GENERAL PUBLIC ON WHEN TO CALL/ HOW TO HANDLE CHRONIC ISSUES OR ACUTE INJURIES c. EXAMPLES OF LOCAL PROTOCOLS: 1973 EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES SYSTEM ACT 15 COMPONENTS AND 1988 NHTSA 10 SYSTEM ELEMENTS i. LOCAL PROTOCOLS MADE BY MEDICAL DIRECTOR AND REGIONAL/ STATE EMS AGENCIES- COLLABORATIVE EFFORT: MEDICAL DIRECTOR, LOCAL AGENCIES, STATE EMS AUTHORITIES AND ADVISORY COUNCILS ii. BASED ON NEW RESEARCH(RAW), TECHNOLOGY, AND COMMUNITY NEEDS  iii. INFLUENCED BY NATIONAL EMS SCOPE OF PRACTICE MODEL, AHA, NREMT STANDARDS X. COMPONENTS OF CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT a. PLAN- IDENTIFY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT BASED ON DATA(EPCRS), DO- IMPLEMENT TARGETED INTERVENTIONS (TRAINING, PROTOCOL UPDATES), CHECK- MONITOR OUTCOMES AND EFFECTIVENESS, ACT- ADJUST STRATEGIES AND REINFORCE BEST PRACTICES. XI. CEUs- MAINTAIN CERTIFICATOIN RESPONSIBILITY OF MEDIC, DEVELOP FURTHER KNOWLEDGE/ SKILLS, KEEP UP W EMERGENCY HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM XII. ETHICS- RULES OR STANDARDS THAT GOVERN CONDUCT OF MEMBERS OF A PARTICULAR GROUP OR PROFESSION; NOT LAWS (STANDARDS FOR HONORABLE BEHAVIOR) a. OATH OF GENEVA-1948 b. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF EMT- ADOPTED EMT CODE OF ETHICS-1978 WEEK 3 REVIEW- CH 6 & CH 7 I. PUBLIC HEALTH PRINCIPLES- PROTECTING/ IMPROVING COMMUNITY HEALTH/ POLICIES THROUGH: HEALTH PROMOTION, DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, AND INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAMS a. ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN PH: VACCINES, MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY (SEATBELT USAGE*), WORKPLACE SAFETY, CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, TOBACCO USE REDUCTION b. EPIDEMIOLOGY: STUDY OF DISEASE INCIDENCE/ PREVALENCE IN POPULATIONS i. EPIDEMIC (SMALL/LOCAL POPULATION, CONTROLLED BY LOCAL HEALTH)  ii. PANDEMIC (LARGER, THINK COVID, CONTROLLED BY CDC) iii. CARRIER (TERM REFERRED TO SOMEONE WHO COMES IN CONTACT WITH AN EXPOSED DISEASE AND CAN UNKNOWINGLY BEGIN THE SPREAD OF SAID DISEASE) iv. HOST (PERSON OR LIVING ORGANISM THAT CAN BE INFECTED BY AN INFECTIOUS AGENT UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS) v. VECTOR (ANIMATE INDIRECT TRANSMISSION FROM A RESERVOIR TO A SUSCEPTIBLE HOST vi. VIRULENCE (PROPORTIONOF PERSONS W CLINICAL DISEASE THAT BECOME SEVERLY ILL OR DIE AFTER BEING INFECTED) c. EMS PROVIDERS AS INJURY PREVENTION ADVOCATES i. COLLABS W PH SECTORS- CREATE DISASTER PLANS (NIMS), COMMUNITY EDUCATION, SECURE FUNDING* d. COMMUNITY PREVENTION PROGRAMS- BENEFICAL FOR: INFANT/ CHILD SAFETY (CARSEATS PROGRAM*), GERIATRIC FALLS, WORK-RELATED INJURIES, MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY AWARENESS, AND MED MISUSE II. MEDICAL-LEGAL & ETHICAL ASPECTS a. ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES- TREAT PTS HOW YOU WOULD WANT YOUR FAMILY MEMBERS TREATED*, MAINTAIN SKILLS, REVIEW PERFORMANCE, MAINTAIN HIPPA, WORK COOPERATIVELY W OTHER EMS PROVIDERS b. LEGAL FOUNDATIONS- TYPES OF LAW i. CONSTITUTIONAL: BASED ON CONSTITUTION; PROTECTS AGAINST GOV’T ABUSE ii. COMMON: AKA CASE LAW*; SOCIETY’S ACCEPTANCE OF CUSTOMS/ NORMS (CAN CHANGE/ EVOLVE) iii. STATUTORY: CREATED BY LEGISLATIVE BODIES iv. REGULATORY: ADMINISTRATIVE LVL (THINK STATE/ FEDERAL-ICEMA)  v. TORT LAW*: CIVIL WRONGS c. NEGLIGENCE COMPONENTS (MALPRACTICE; DEVIATION FROM ACCEPTED STANDARDS OF CARE) i. DUTY TO ACT- FORMAL CONTRACTIONAL OR INFORMAL LEGAL OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE CARE ii. BREACH OF DUTY- ACTION/ INACTION THAT VIOLATES STANDARD OF CARE EXPECTED 1. MALFEASANCE: WRONGFUL/ UNLAWFUL ACT 2. NONFEASANCE: FAILURE TO PERFORM A REQUIRED ACT OF DUTY 3. MISFEASANCE: LEGAL ACT PERFORMED IN A HARMFUL/ INJURIOUS MANNER iii. ACTUAL DAMAGE: RES IPSA LOQUITUR- COMPLAINTANT MUST PROVE DAMAGES THAT WASN’T CONTRIBUTED BY THEMSELVES/ WHAT INSTRUMENTS CAUSED IT iv. PROXIMATE CAUSE- ACTION THAT IMMEDIATELY CAUSED/ WORSENED DAMAGE SUFFERED BY PT d. DEFENSES AGAINST NEGLIGENCE: GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS, GOV’T IMMUNITY, PROPER DOCUMENTATION/ EDUCATION e. CONSENT IN EMS i. TYPES: INFORMED: FULL DISCLOSURE OF TREATMENT RISK/ BENEFITS ii. EXPRESSED: VERBAL/ WRITTEN CONSENT iii. IMPLIED: THINK PT W GCS OF 3 & DUTY TO ACT IN SITUATION iv. WITHDRAWAL/ REFUSAL OF CARE: ENSURE PTS ARE FULLY INFORMED OF RISKS; PT HAS TO BE ALERT, AWARE AND INFORMED*  f. CONFIDENTIALITY (HIPAA) i. DEFAMATION: INTENTIONAL FALSE COMMUNICATION THAT HARMS ONE’S REPUTATION ii. LIBEL: FALSE STATEMENTS MADE IN WRITING/ SOCIAL MEDIA; MALICIOUS INTENT/ RECKLESS DISREGARD FOR FALSITY OF STATEMENTS iii. SLANDER: ACT OF INJURING PERSON’S CHARACTER, NAME, OR REPUTATION BY MALICIOUS STATEMENTS W MALICIOUS INTENT OR RECKLESS DISREGARD g. PROVIDER-PT RELATIONSHIP i. ABANDONMENT: TERMINATION OF CARE W/O ENSURING CONTINUED CARE (THINK PROVIDING ALS TREATMENT TO PT AND LEAVING THEM TO A BLS CREW*) ii. ASSAULT: UNLAWFULLY PLACES A PERSON IN IMMEDIATE BODILY HARM W/O THEIR CONSENT iii. BATTERY: UNLAWFUL TOUCHING OF AN INDIV. W/O THEIR CONSENT (TREATING A PT W/O THEIR CONSENT) III. FOCUS AREAS FOR PREVENTION & EMS PRACTICE a. RYAN WHITE ACT: PROTECTS EMS WHEN EXPOSED TO INFECTIOUS DISEASES (ALLOWS PT TESTING REQUEST FOR COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AFTR EXPOSURE) b. PT SAFETY & AUTONOMY: PRIORITIZE “DO NO HARM”** c. DNR ORDERS: MUST BE SIGNED BY PT & PHYSICIAN TO BE VALID* IV. GENERALIZED WEEK 3 EXAM a. THE VALUE OF CONTRIBUTION OF EFFECTIVE DOCUMENTATION AS ONE JUSTIFICATION FOR FUNDING  b. SCENARIO: A DIABETIC PT WAS UNRESPONSIVE AND BECOMES CONSCIOUS, ALERT, ORIENTED, AND REUSES TREATMENT. YOU DISCONTINUE CARE AND GO BACK IN SERVICE. WHAT PREMISE IS THIS KNOWN AS? PT WAS ALERT, AWARE OF PERSONAL DECISION. c. YOU AARIVE ON SCENE TO AN UNCOOPERATIVE PT. WHAT IS THE BEST COURSE OF ACTION? TREAT PT AS YOU WOULD WANT YOUR FAMILY MEMBER TREATED d. MEDICAL CONTROL ATTEMPTS TO GIVE AN ORDER FOR A TX IN WHICH YOU DISAGREE WITH DUE TO THE COMPLEXITIES OF THE CALL, WHAT DO YOU DO IN THIS SCENARIO AS AN EMS PROVIDER? ADHERE TO THE “DO NO HARM” STANDARD. e. HOW DOES FOCUSING ON OUR OWN PERSONAL SAFETY BENEFIT THE COMMUNITY? BEING EXPOSED TO A COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CAUSES US TO BECOME A CARRIER. f. WHAT IS THE REASON WHY WE COLLECT DATA ON ILLNESSES AND INJURIES IN OUR AREA? FOR FUNDING WEEK 4 REVIEW- CH 5 & CH 8 I. ADVANCED DIRECTIVES/ DNR ORDERS a. SHOULD INCLUDE: WITNESS/ PHYSICIAN SIGNATURE, CLEAR DESCRIPTION OF WITHHELD INTERVENTIONS, HAVE TIME LIMIT FOR VALIDITY, AND DOES NOT IMPLY TO NOT TREAT THE PT b. ENSURE LEGAL DIRECTIVES ARE PRESENT BEFORE WITHHOLDING RESUSCITATION EFFORTS c. EX: AOS TO A TERMINALLY ILL PT IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE HIS MORPPHINE PUMP, WHO WOULD YOU CALL? HOSPICE AGENCY II. RESEARCH/ EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE  a. PURPOSE OF RESEARCH: IMPROVE PT OUTCOMES, ENHANCE EMS SYSTEMS & INTERVENTIONS b. TYPES OF RESEARCH: QUANTITATIVE (USE OF NUMBERS), QUALITATIVE (USE OF WORDS- REASONS AND EXPERIENCES), MIXED-METHOD (COMBINATION) c. EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE: RELIES ON STRONG RESEARCH (RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS) d. ETHICAL RESEARCH CONSIDERATIONS i. NUREMBORG CODE & HELSINKI DECLARATION ENSURE SAFETY OF PARTICIPANTS W INFORMED CONSENT ii. INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS (IRBs): APPROVE AND MONITOR STUDIES** III. GENERALIZED WEEK 4 EXAM a. WHAT IS FOUND IN THE ABSTRACT OF A RESEARCH PAPER? NEED FOR STUDY, RESEARCH METHODS USED, RESULTS ENCOUNTERED (AKA CONFIDENCE INTERVAL PORTION**) b. WHAT IS THE IRB (INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD) RESPONSIBLE FOR? – BOARD OF EXPERTS THAT OVERSEES THE ETHICAL CONDUCT OF RESEARCH; GENERALLY, A CHALLENGE FOR EMS WHEN ATTEMPTING TO OBTAIN PREHOSPITAL RESEARCH c. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH TO EMS? – IT IS IN THE PT’S BEST INTEREST BY PROVING THE CHANGE IN PROCEDURES WILL MAKE A POSITIVE CHANGE. d. DEFINE ETHICS. – RULES/ STANDARDS THAT GOVERN CONDUCT OF MEMEBERS OF A PARTICULAR GROUP OR PROFESSION e. HOW WOULD YOU APPROACH TREATING A PT OF A RESTRICTIVE…………………………………………………6IL57OUY RELIGION  (CHRISTIAN SCIENTIST/ JEHOVAH’S WITNESS ETC.)? MAY HAVE TO ADAPT OR SWITCH UP YOUR STANDARD OF CARE. f. MAINTAING PT CONFIDENTIALITY IS A LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF EMS. g. NARRATIVE OF CALL FOR EXAMPLE OF HOW TO PROTECT YOU FROM BEING SUED FOR NEGLIGENCE**: RD 133 DISPATCHED TO A LOCAL BAR FOR A REPORTED MAN DOWN. UPON ARRIVAL, A 27YO MALE WAS FOUND LYING SUPINE ON THE FLOOR, SURROUNDED BY OTHER PATRONS OF THE BAR. WITNESSES STATE THE PT IS INTOXICATED AND EXPERIENCED SEIZURE-LIKE SYMPTOMS PRIOR TO ARRIVAL. ON ATTEMPT OF INITIAL ASSESSMENT, PT AWOKE AGITATED. PT’S AIRWAY IS PATENT WITH UNLABORED, CLEAR LUNG SOUNDS AS DETERMINED BY PT ACTIVELY YELLING; PT RADIAL PULSES ARE STRONG, RAPID AND REGULAR BILATERALLY; AT THIS TIME, PT IS ALERT BUT COMBATIVE, ONLY ALERT TO PERSON, UNABLE TO VERIFY PLACE, TIME AND EVENT (GCS 13-E4,V4,M5); THERE ARE NO OBVIOUS SIGNS OF TRAUMA NOTED DURING RAPID ASSESSMENT. CREW ATTEMPTED TO VERBALLY DE-ESCALATE SITUATION WITH CONTINUED RESISTANCE FROM PT. PT WAS ADVISED OF NEED FOR FURTHER MEDICAL EVALUATION DUE TO WITNESSED SEIZURE, ETOH, AND POSTICTAL CONFUSION. PT REFUSED ALL TREATMENT AND CARE RECOMMENDATIONS BY CREW. DUE TO LACK OF MEDICAL HX KNOWLEDGE OF PT, ALOC, AND INABILITY TO COMPREHEND RISKS; CREW DETERMINED PT DOES NOT HAVE DECISION-MAKING CAPACITY AT THE TIME OF THE EVENT AND IS UNABLE TO SIGN AMA(**IMPLIED CONSENT FOR TX)**. WITH ASSISTANCE FROM ME222, PT WAS PLACED ONTO GURNEY AND SECURED VIA 5-POINT SAFETY HARNESS AND SIDE RAILS RAISED X2. PT WAS PLACED WITH 4- POINT SOFT RESTRAINTS AT WRISTS AND ANKLES BILATERALLY PER LOCAL PROTOCOL; PMSCs WERE  ASSESSED BEFORE AND AFTER PLACEMENT- REMAINED INTACT. PT WAS TRANSPORTED CODE 2 TO CLOSEST ED PER ALOC LOCAL PROTOCOLS WITH VITALS CONTINUOUSLY MONITORED FOR SAFETY OF PT WITH NO ACUTE CHANGES. h. WHEN LOOKING AT EVIDENCE BASED RESEARCH, WHAT IS THE BEST REASONING BEHIND CHANGING HOW YOUR SYSTEM TREATS PTS? MULT. STUDIES IN VARIOUS POPS. CONSISTENTLY SHOWED A POSITIVE IMPACT. i. A DESCRIPTIVE (OBSERVATIONAL) STUDY IS THE STUDY OF A PHENOMENON THAT IS DESCRIBED BUT NO ATTEMPT IS MADE TO ANALYZE THE EFFECTS OF VARIABLES THEY MAY HAVE ON IT. WEEK 5 REVIEW- CH 9 I. CORE PROFESSIONAL ATTRIBUTES a. USE OF PLAIN LANGUAGE, AVOID JARGON, DISCUSS SENSITIVE ISSUES IN PRIVATE, GENUINE COMMUNICATION, RESPECTING SCOPE OF PRACTICE II. COMMUNICATOIN TECHNOLOGIES a. RADIO SYSTEMS i. SIMPLEX: ONE SENDER AT A TIME ON SINGLE FREQUENCY ii. DUPLEX: TWO-WAY SIMULTANEOUS COMMUNICATION iii. TRUNKED SYSTEMS: USE AVAILABLE FREQUENCIES VIA COMPUTER ROUTING b. MOBILE AND PORTABLE RADIOS i. PORTABLE: PT-SIDE COMMUNICATION ii. MOBILE: VEHICLE-BSED FOR BROADER COMMUNICATION c. EMERGING TOOLS i. LTE, GIS, AND VIDEO TECHNOLOGY IMPROVE SITUATONAL AWARENESS  1. CELLULAR/ BROADBAND: FOR RURAL/ URBAN COMMUNICATION III. EMD a. CRITICAL TASKS: DETERMINE MOI/NOI, PROVIDE PREARRIVAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR BYSTANDER ACTIONS, AVOID RECOMMENDING SPECIFIC TREATMENTS OR TRANSPORT PLANS IV. VERBAL COMMUNICATION a. REPORT i. C/C, PERTINENT NEGS, TRENDING VITALS, USE OF UNIT # (THIS IS MEDIC __ RIDING IN WITH AMR UNIT RD 222) b. RADIO ETIQUETTE i. SPEAK CLEARLY/ PROFESSIONALY, AVOID CODES, PROTECT PT CONFIDENTIALITY & COMPLY WITH FCC REGS (NO OFFENSIVE LANGUAGE) V. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION a. PCR- BE OBJECTIVE, LEGIBLE AND THOROUGH b. INCLUDE ALL RELAVANT MED AND LEGAL INFO c. USE MEDICAL COMMUNITY ACCEPTED TERMINOLOGY VI. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION a. REPORTS i. ENSURE CLEAR CONSICE HANDOFFS TO HOSPITAL STAFF, DO NOT LEAVE UNTIL FORMAL TOC IS COMPLETE b. ON-SCENE INTERACTIONS i. FOLLOW MEDICAL CONTROL’S ADVICE, VERIFY MEDICATION DOSES & PROTOCOLS W MEDICAL DIRECTION IF UNCERTAIN VII. COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES a. BARRIERS- MISINTERPRETATION, TIME PRESSURE, UNCLEAR SEMANTICS  b. SOLUTIONS- CONFIRM RECEIVER UNDERSTANDS MESSAGE (DO YOU COPY THAT/ HOW DO YOU COPY?), USE STRUCTURED FORMATS FOR CLARITY VIII. LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS a. MAINTAIN HIPAA- DISCUSS ONLY W INVOLVED PARTIES (EMS TEAM, MEDICAL CONTROL) b. ADHERE TO FCC REGULATIONS & EMS PROTOCOLS c. PRESERVE EVIDENCE AT SCENE IX. TIPS FOR EMS SUCCESS a. STAY CURRENT WITH CONTINUING EDUCATION b. PRIORITIZE PROFESSIONALISM/ PT-CENTERED CARE c. LEVERAGE TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS TO ENHANCE COMMUNICATION d. PRACTICE SELF-CARE