ELS Module 1 - 2 PDF - Philippine College of Criminology

PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY High School Department SUBJECT: EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE Week No. 1 TOPIC: THE UNIVERSE AND SOLAR SYSTEM Module No....

PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY High School Department SUBJECT: EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE Week No. 1 TOPIC: THE UNIVERSE AND SOLAR SYSTEM Module No. 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of this module, you shall be able to: (Cognitive) 1. Explain what the universe is made of. 2. Describe the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the universe. 3. Describe the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the solar system. 4. Compare the inner and outer planets. (Affective) 1. Differentiate celestial objects found in the universe. 2. Differentiate the geocentric model from the heliocentric model of the solar system. 3. Appreciate the uniqueness of Earth being the only planet in the solar system with properties necessary to support life. (Psychomotor) 1. Show the contributions of personalities/people to the different hypotheses about the universe and solar system. 2. Demonstrate the period of revolution of inner and outer planets using google meet. LESSON CONTENT: Present the content and provide learning guidance The universe is all of space and time and their contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy. The age of the universe is 13.7 billion years old. Our Solar System consists of a central star (the Sun), the planets orbiting the sun, moons, asteroids, comets, meteors, dust and all the "space in between them. THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE:  PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY High School Department THEORY DESCRIPTION PROPOSED BY The universe was once very small and BIG BANG very hot and then it expanded over time until it reached its peak. Georges Lemaitre As the universe (1920) cooled, these particles combined or decayed. The universe was also said to continue to expand. DIVINE CREATION The universe and the various forms of life were created by God. It is a response Biblical Basis: primarily to modern Book of Genesis evolutionary theory, which explains the diversity of life without recourse to the doctrine of God or any other divine power. STEADY STATE States that the Sir James Jeans universe is always (1928) and it was expanding in a revised by Fred constant average Hoyle and Herman density. Bondi (1948) Inflation refers to the rapid expansion.  PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY High School Department COSMIC INFLATION An accepted hypothesis because Alan Guth (1980) it answered many “puzzling” observations that arose in big bang theory like: Homogeneity of objects in space, appearance of flatness and smoothness and formation of the stars and star systems in later years. THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM THEORY DESCRIPTION PROPOSED BY NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS Star system was formed from a rotating nebula Immanuel Kant (rotating gas). (1755) and Most mass formed Pierre-Simon Laplace the sun, rings forms (1796) into a planet. A star passed close PLANETESIMAL AND to the sun. Huge TIDAL tides were raised on the surface; some of this erupted matter was torn free and Thomas Chrowder was thrust into Chamberlin and elliptical orbits Forest Ray Moulton around the sun. (1905) The smaller masses quickly cooled to  PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY High School Department become solid bodies, called planetesimals. As their orbits crossed, the larger bodies grew by absorbing the planetesimals, thus becoming planets. COMPONENTS OF SOLAR SYSTEM Before we go to the different components of our solar system, let’s take a look on some famous cosmological models of solar system that made us wonder how the different celestial bodies are arranged in the space. GEOCENTRIC MODEL BY PTOLEMY OF ALEXANDRIA ⮚ A model of the universe that has the Earth at the center. The Sun, planets, and stars were then placed in giant transparent spheres surrounding it. HELIOCENTRIC MODEL BY COPERNICUS ⮚ Astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System.  PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY High School Department OUR SOLAR SYSTEM THE ONLY STAR AND SOURCE OF ENERGY The Sun ⮚ The center and the only star in our solar system. ⮚ Around 4.6 billion years old. ⮚ 109 times wider than the Earth and 330,000 times as massive ⮚ 1M Earth could fit inside the sun ⮚ Its temperature could reach 15M°C ⮚ Yellow dwarf type of star ⮚ The sun's energy comes from nuclear fission (where hydrogen is converted to helium) within its core. This energy is released from the sun in the form of heat and light. PLANETS INNER PLANETS- Planets that are made up mostly of rock and metal, very heavy, move slowly in space, small planets, no rings and have few moons. MERCURY ⮚ Has a revolution period of 88 days. ⮚ Extreme temperature fluctuations, ranging from 800°F (daytime) to -270°F (night time) ⮚ Even though it is the closest planet to the sun, scientists believe there is ICE on Mercury! The ice is protected from the sun's heat by crater shadows.  PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY High School Department VENUS ⮚ Brightest object in the sky after the sun and moon because its atmosphere reflects sunlight so well. ⮚ Maximum surface temperature may reach 900°F ⮚ No moons and takes 225 days to complete an orbit. EARTH ⮚ Only planet known to support living organisms. ⮚ Earth's surface is composed of 71% of water which is necessary for life on Earth. ⮚ Has a revolution period of 365.5 days. ⮚ Has one moon and an oxygen rich atmosphere. ⮚ It takes 29 days for Earth's moon to complete one rotation. MARS ⮚ Mars has the largest volcano in our solar system: Olympus Mons. Olympus Mons is approx. 15 miles high. ⮚ Mars appears red because of iron oxide or rust in its soil. ⮚ Mars has two moons and takes about two years to complete an orbit. OUTER PLANETS- Planets that are made up mostly of gases (primarily hydrogen and helium), move quickly in space, very light for their size and have rings and many moons. JUPITER ⮚ The largest and most massive planet ⮚ 11 times bigger than Earth ⮚ 12 years to complete an orbit ⮚ Has 16 known moons.  PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY High School Department SATURN ⮚ Composed almost entirely of hydrogen and helium ⮚ Has many rings made of ice. Saturn's rings are very wide. They extend outward to about 260,000 miles from the surface but are less than 1 mile thick. ⮚ Saturn has 18 known moons, some of which orbits inside the rings! ⮚ It takes Saturn about 30 years to orbit the sun. URANUS ⮚ Uranus is blue in color due to methane gas in its atmosphere ⮚ Uranus has 11 dark rings surrounding it. ⮚ Uranus has 21 known moons and takes 84 years to complete one orbit. NEPTUNE ⮚ Neptune has the fastest winds in the solar system: upto 2,000 km/hr. ⮚ Neptune is also blue in color due to methane gas in its atmosphere. ⮚ Neptune takes 165 years to orbit the sune and has 8 moons. OTHER CELESTIAL BODIES COMETS A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, warms and begins to release gases, a process called outgassing. ASTEROIDS Asteroids are small, airless rocky worlds that revolve around the sun and are too small to be called planets.  PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY High School Department METEORS Meteoroid- small particle from a comet or asteroid orbiting the sun. Meteor- meteoroid enters the Earth atmosphere and vaporizes Meteorite- a meteoroid that survives its passage through the Earth's atmosphere and lands its surface. ASTEROID BELT Group of asteroids found between Jupiter and Mars. NEWS!!!Pluto, once considered the ninth and most distant planet from the sun, is now the largest known dwarf planet in the solar system. It is also one of the largest known members of the Kuiper Belt, a shadowy zone beyond the orbit of Neptune. Activity: TIME MAP Instruction: The students will be tasked to watch a video about the history of the earth. Their task is to make a time map of the video highlighting the most important scenario based on their understanding. Link: https://youtu.be/L9MAGQVcoYc?si=Cl3TRB3d7e2Brz5g PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY High School Department