Social Science Exam Reviewer PDF

--------------------------------- SOCIAL SCIENCE ------------------------------- Made by the Kenneth, Liam, Tono, and Andre LESSON A. Colonialism and Imperialism a.​ Colonialism and Imperialism ​ 1. Colonialism - Setting up colonies in another country to gai...

--------------------------------- SOCIAL SCIENCE ------------------------------- Made by the Kenneth, Liam, Tono, and Andre LESSON A. Colonialism and Imperialism a.​ Colonialism and Imperialism ​ 1. Colonialism - Setting up colonies in another country to gain direct control ​ 2. Imperialism - Used more commonly today, and is influencing other countries indirectly, and takes land through diplomacy b.​ Common Terms to know Colony - A country or region governed internally by a foreign power Protectorate - A country or state protected by a stronger & larger country Sphere of Influence - An area in which outside power claims great control and can affect what happens Concession - Giving up something to make an agreement or deal​ Lesson B. Countries and their Western Colonizers a.​ Countries British Colonized - Burma and Malaysia b.​ Countries Dutch Colonized - Indonesia c.​ Countries French Colonized - Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Indochina countries) d.​ Countries Spain Colonized - Philippines e.​ Independent States (Not Colonized) - Thailand, serves to stop France and Britain from fighting​ * TERMS TO KNOW: ​ ​ Direct Colonialism - Taking away all local leader’s powers ​ Indirect Colonialism - The local leaders are still in power but are influenced and controlled LESSON C. Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and their Western Colonizers A.​ The Philippines and Spain (333 Years) -​ Direct colonialism -​ They wanted to spread religion -​ Pluralistic Society, Monopolies, forced labor, Western Education, Divide and Rule -​ First country in SEA to gain independence B.​ Indonesia and Dutch/Netherlands (105 Years) -​ They wanted to engage in Asian Trade -​ They used direct colonialism  -​ Used: Cultivation System, Monopolies, Control trade, Divide and rule, Force labor & Western Education, Ethical Policy​ -​ Indonesia did not adapt to the language of the Dutch because the Dutch did not try to add or embed their culture into the Dutch C.​ Malaysia and British (90 years) -​ Indirect Colonialism, -​ Engaged in Chinese trade -​ Pluralistic Society, and had Cultivation Systems & Control trade, Divide & Rule, Policy of Non-Interference LESSON D. Colonial Policies & Other Terms ​ ETHICAL POLICY: Taking responsibility for improving the population, such as implementing schools and education ​ NON-INTERFERENCE POLICY: Avoiding influence from other countries in certain areas of a colony ​ PLURALISTIC SOCIETY: A society that embraces diversity in religion, culture and more ​ CULTIVATION SYSTEM: Forcing farmers to grow crops and export them instead of keeping them ​ BALANCE OF POWER: It is a state of stability between competing forces, basically it means equilibrium among countries or alliances to stop another entity from being too powerful LESSON E. Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, and their Western Colonizers A.​ Myanmar (Burma)​.- Colonized by Great Britain or the British for 124 years, who used Direct Colonialism - Myanmar responded with Protests and Rebellions - Used divide and rule, and monopolies and it made use of Burma’s resources B.​ Cambodia - Colonized by France for 90 years, who used direct and dualistic colonialism and also became a protectorate (became a protectorate by King Ang Duong and King Norodom I) - They let the royal family keep their symbolic powers - Used to be a big empire, but it fell and was colonized by France - Responded with rebellion C.​ Vietnam - Colonized by France for 95 years, who used direct French Control and became a protectorate of Vietnam - Many Vietnamese opposed, revolted, and resisted with the help of Chinese and Japanese LESSON F. The Rise of Japanese Imperialism and the Intervention of Japan in the 20th Century a.​ Sakoku Policy (Policy of Isolating Japan during the Tokugawa Period) -​ Happened under the leadership of Commodore Matthew Perry -​ They wanted to preserve culture and did not trust foreigners, especially in religions -​ They only trusted the Netherlands because they did not want to alter their culture b.​ Meiji Restoration Period (before this, the one with true powers was the Shogun) -​ The start of modernizing and westernization in Japan led to trade from foreigners -​ This resulted in the Satsuma Rebellion and the end of Samurais in their country -​ Chinese saw foreigners' influence as a disorder while the Japanese saw it as an improvement, and emperor during this was Mutsuhito LESSON F1: Events during the rise of Japan a. The First Sino-Japanese War -​ Happened due to the countries fighting over Korea -​ Japan and China fought and Japan won and defeated the Beiyang Fleet -​ Ended in the Treaty of Shimonoseki b. The Second Sino-Japanese War -​ Began due to the Marco Polo Incident, a misunderstanding about a missing Japanese troop -​ This is when the Nanjing Massacre occurred c. Russo-Japanese War -​ This was the first time an Asian country won against a European country in a war such as the Battle of Tsushima, where Japanese damages were more severe compared to Russia -​ Ended with the Treaty of Portsmouth e. Occupation of Manchuria -​ Japan made a puppet government known as Manchukuo under Pu Yi -​ Japan blamed them for a stage explosion on their railway where the League of Nations sided with China, so Japan left the League of Nations f. Treaty of Kanagawa -​ Treaty that led to the opening of trade to Japan w/ the US LESSON F2: Japan and its relation with other countries A. Philippines (3 years, 1942-1945) Method: Direct and Dualistic Policies: Divide & Rule, Mickey Mouse money & One Party system Response: Peaceful (The Puppet Govt. under Jose P. Laurel) and Violent B. Indonesia (3 years, 1942-1945) Method: Direct & Dualistic Policies:: Force labor, Divide & Rule, learning their language & Anti-European Sentiments Response: Peaceful C. Myanmar (3 years 1942-1945) Method: Direct and Dualistic Policies: Divide & Rule, Kempeitai, and exploiting natural resources Response: Violent and Peaceful means E. Vietnam (4 years, 1941-1945) Method: Direct and Dualistic Policies: Divide & Rule, Cash Crop Economy and Military Presence Response: Violent means LESSON G: Nationalism and Independence in SEA A.​ Concept of Nationalism, Nationhood, and Independence -​ Nationhood: State of having a status as a separate and independent nation -​ Nationalism: Love and loyalty for your country -​ Independence: Intensifies nationalism and reinforces it to support itself B.​ State VS Country VS Nation​ -​ State: political connotations, made of Citizens, Government, Territory and Sovereignty -​ Country: Territory Connotations -​ Nation: Cultural Connotations LESSON G1: Nationalism and Independence in SEA Countries A.​ Philippine -​ Movements: Signing of the Rehabilitation Act of 1906 and Bell Trade Act -​ Rehabilitation Act of 1906 -​ Enacted to recover the Philippine economy from WW2 -​ Bell Trade Act -​ Gave the U.S. access to trade w/ the Philippines w/o any trade fees -​ Groups/People involved: Manuel Roxas who was pragmatic and practical  B.​ Myanmar (Burma) -​ Movements: US aid to independence -​ Groups/ People involved: Aung San, who is a peacemaker, and U Nu, a statesman C.​ Indonesia -​ Movements: Indonesian National/ Revolution views of Sukarno -​ Groups/ People involved: Sukarno & Hatta who were Visionary & faithful Muslims D.​ Vietnam -​ Movements & Communist Resistance against Colonizers -​ People/ Groups involved: Ho Chi Minh & The Viet Minh, who were battle strategists LESSON G2: Political Problems we experience in SEA countries 1.​ Elite Democracy -​ Prioritizing a group of rich and educated people in political decisions 2.​ Checks and Balances -​ A system which guarantees that the 3 branches of the govt. are equal in power and decisions 3.​ Plutocracy -​ Focusing on those who are wealthy enough to influence the government -​ Example: C5 Extension Controversy and Denny Uy Controversy] 4.​ Neocolonialism -​ The practice of exerting indirect control over a country through economy, politics, and culture -​ Simplified: influencing a country’s economy, politics, & culture 5.​ Dictatorship -​ It is when a government has full control over the country w/o constitutional limitations 6.​ Rampant Corruption -​ Abuse of public office for personal gain through illegal practices LESSON G3: Economic Problems we experience in SEA countries 1.​ Income Inequality -​ Unequal gap between rich and poor in salary & some have higher income  2.​ Development of the Agriculture Sector -​ Most of the poor people are in the agricultural sector and the Agricultural sector has a slow development 3.​ Loss of Industrial Bases -​ the industrial base is weak and making small progress LESSON G4: Socio-Cultural Problems we experience in SEA countries 1.​ Loss of Filipino Identity -​ Loss of our own identity and ability to represent it 2.​ Loss of programs for ethnic groups -​ Several ethnic groups falling apart due to a lack of budget, funds, and other programs 3.​ Emergence of Communist & Moro groups -​ Communists emerge to promote equality between the rich and poor and other problems -​ Several problems occur within the Moro Group because they feel unconnected and unrelated to us LESSON H: Bandung Conference A.​ Bandung Conference -​ A meeting at indonesia between 5 countries on 1955 for decolonization -​ Burma, India, Indonesia, Pakistan & Sri Lanka where 29 Govt. from Asia and Africa soon joined LESSON H1: Challenges After Bandung Conference 1.​ Involvement in Wars -​ From world war it became cold war where war was not physical and occured between the US & its allies VS Soviet union & its Allies 2.​ Internal Conflict -​ Communist movements in Cambodia -​ Division of Vietnam’s North (Communist) and South (Anti-Communist) -​ Laos and the Secret War 3.​ Foreign Involvement -​ Foreign Involvement of China in Myanmar  -​ British favored and biased certain ethnic groups in Myanmar LESSON H2: Global South and North North: Colonizers, Richer and Powerful South: Former Colonies, Poor and Weak LESSON I: Timor-Leste 1.​ Carnation Revolution -​ Symbol of peaceful resistance and turning point in portuguese history & its colonies 2.​ Indonesian Occupation -​ A period of conflict and included several problems 3.​ Independence -​ Timor-Leste was granted full independence in May 2002 -​ Some things that led to this were the UN TRANSITIONAL, Authority in East Timor