Elements of National Power PDF

1  CLASSIFICATION OF POWERS BY AUTHORS 1. Morgenthau – Permanent and Changeable power 2. Organski – Natural and social power 3. Carr – Military, Economic and power over opinion 4. Mahendra Kumar – Natural, Social and Ideational power 5. Palmer Perkins – Tangible and Intangi...

1  CLASSIFICATION OF POWERS BY AUTHORS 1. Morgenthau – Permanent and Changeable power 2. Organski – Natural and social power 3. Carr – Military, Economic and power over opinion 4. Mahendra Kumar – Natural, Social and Ideational power 5. Palmer Perkins – Tangible and Intangible power 2 Natural powers – Geography, Resources and Population Social powers : Economic Development, Political Structure and National morale Ideational powers: Ideas, Intelligence and Wisdom of leadership 3  CLASSIFICATION OF POWER EXISTS AMONG NATIONS 1. Natural Power 2. Scientific and Technological Power 3. Political Power 4. Social and Ideological Power 5. External and Other Power (Image, Intelligence) 4 NATURAL POWER 1. Geography - Climate, Topography, Location and Size 2. Natural Resources ▪ Raw material theory declined 3. Population – Quality is more important than quantity 5  SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL POWER (A) 1. Industrial Capacity ▪ Manufacturing industry boosts economy ▪ Both raw material and industry strengthen the county 2. Technology 1. Technology strengthens country 2. Technology provides consumer goods and markets for foreign goods 6  MILITARY POWER (B) Size of forces quality of equipment mobility and deployment military leadership morale of forces financial resources 7  POLITICAL POWER 1. Type of Government ▪Democracy and Authoritarian regime successful in IR 2. Bureaucratic Efficiency ▪Complete detachment – Politics and bureaucracy ▪Professional bureaucrats carry political decisions 8 POLITICAL POWER 3. Leadership: Napoleon Bonaparte.... 1. Great leaders augment the national power Franklin D Roosevelt.... 2. Leaders play two important roles Julius Caesar.... ▪ Leader utilizes the other elements of national power Winston Churchill.... Asoka.... ▪ It decides relationship with other Alexander, The Great.... countries declare war and peace. Che Guevara.... Great leaders of the world; Churchill, Roosevelt, Fidel Castro. Fidel Castro is Mao, Kennedy, Lee Kuan, Ayatollah Khomeini, one of the two faces of the Cuban Revolution which Ho Chi Min, Khrushchev, Jayvardhane, Fidel started around the year Castro, Yaseer Arafat 1953. 9 POLITICAL POWER 4. Quality of Diplomacy: 1. Diplomats are warriors of peace time 2. France and Britain had great diplomatic skills 3. Till II WW USA diplomacy was weak 4. Technolgy reduced importance of diplomats 10  SOCIAL AND IDEOLOGICAL POWER 1. Ideology – Political, Economic, Religious, Racial ▪Other Ideologies – Liberalism, Constitutionalism, Communism, Socialism,, Nazism, Internationalism 2. National Morale ▪It is influenced by the national character. ▪Developed nations morale stronger 3. Social System and Cohesiveness ▪ Indicators of social disunity ………. 4. Accidents and Disasters 11  EXTERNAL POWER 1. Image and Reputation of country and leaders 2. Foreign Support and Dependency 3. International Strategic Position – Apprehension of danger and undertake defense mechanisms 4. Intelligence gathering: US excellent 12