Electronegativity PDF

Electronegativity Pg. 28  ▪ A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. ▪ The higher the electronegativity, the higher the attraction force of the bonding Electronegativity...

Electronegativity Pg. 28  ▪ A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. ▪ The higher the electronegativity, the higher the attraction force of the bonding Electronegativity electron pairs. definition ▪ Decimal number on the side of each element.  Bond type ∆𝑬𝑵 Non-polar 0 – 0,4 covalent Bonds and Covalent and 0,4 – 1 difference in very weak electronegativity polar Polar covalent 1 – 2,1 Ionic 2,1 and more  ▪ Non polar - Atoms attract shared electrons equally. Non polar ▪ Polar – One atom attract the shared electrons more than the other atom. Covalent vs. Polar Covalent ▪ One atom becomes slightly negative and the other slightly positive. ▪ Polar bonds does not always lead to polar molecule.  ▪ Calculation (Not always true) ▪ Draw shape (line) around the molecule. ▪ Check polarity between atoms + Check whether − ▪ δ and δ both outside (close to line) = Polar polar or − ▪ δ only on outside = Non-polar non-polar + ▪ δ only on outside = Non-polar ▪ * Polar bond doesn’t always form polar molecules  ▪ Two atoms: HCl, F2, HBr ▪ Three atoms: 𝐻2 𝑂, 𝐶𝑂2 Examples ▪ Four atoms: 𝐵𝐹3 , 𝑁𝐻3 ▪ Five atoms: 𝐶𝐶𝑙4 , 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑙