Electrolyte Imbalances PDF - NCM118 Lecture 2024-2025

NCM118 – NURSING CARE OF CLIENTS WITH LIFE THREATENING CONDITIONS ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES: NCM118 Lecture 1st Semester | S.Y. 2024 – 2025 TRANSCRIBED BY: JOHN DALE A. BERNABE...

NCM118 – NURSING CARE OF CLIENTS WITH LIFE THREATENING CONDITIONS ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES: NCM118 Lecture 1st Semester | S.Y. 2024 – 2025 TRANSCRIBED BY: JOHN DALE A. BERNABE LECTURER: Magpantay, Roy Joseph L ELECTROLYTE RELATIONSHIPS CALCIUM (Ca+) Assists in formation of bones and teeth, muscle contraction, normal functioning of many enzymes, blood SODIUM / POTASSIUM = INVERSE ↑↓ clotting and normal heart rhythm ↑ Na = ↓ K Regulated by PTH and calcitonin CALCIUM / PHOSPHORUS = INVERSE Inverse to phosphorus ↑↓ ↑ Ca = ↓ PO4 Similar to vitamin d and magnesium Normal: 9-11 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) CALCIUM / Vit D = SIMILAR ↑↑ ↑ Ca = ↑ Vit D HIGH CALCIUM (Ca) FOODS (HYPO = encourage) ↑↑ CALCIUM / MAGNESIUM = SIMILAR (HYPER = avoid) ↑ Ca = ↑ Mg - Dairy Foods MAGNESIUM / POTASSIUM = SIMILAR ↑↑ - Sardines ↑ Ca = ↑ Mg - Green Leafy Vegetables Like Curly Kale, Okra, MAGNESIUM / PHOSPHORUS = INVERSE Spinach ↑↓ - Brazil Nuts ↑ Mg = ↓ PO4 - Canned Salmon SODIUM (Na+) MAGNESIUM (Mg+) Regulates muscle contraction and nerve function, blood Major extracellular fluid (ECF) cation sugar levels, blood pressure Assists in acid-base balance and fluid balance Helps make protein, bone and DNA Helps regulate nerve function and muscle contraction Similar to calcium Helps maintain stable blood pressure levels Normal: 1.5-2.5 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) Inverse to potassium Normal: 135-145 mEq/L (milliequivalents per liter) HIGH MAGNESIUM (Mg+) FOODS (HYPO = encourage) HIGH SODIUM (Na) FOODS (HYPER = avoid) (HYPO = encourage) - Pumpkin Seeds (HYPER = avoid) - Dark Chocolate - Soups, Canned Goods - Almonds And Cashews - Ham, Bacon, Sausage - Spinach And Avocados - Most Processed Foods - Brazil Nuts - Cheese, Dressings - Salmon - Pizza, Hot Dogs - Cold Cuts PHOSPHORUS (PO4) + Builds and repairs bones and teeth POTASSIUM (K ) Helps nerve function Major intracellular fluid (IFC) cation Assists in energy production in cells Helps regulate fluid balance, muscle Makes muscle contract Contractions and blood pressure 85% of the body's phosphorus located in bones Assists in sending nerve impulses Inverse to calcium Inverse to sodium Vit d and phosphorus assist in each other's absorption Similar to magnesium Normal: 2.5-4.5 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) Normal: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L (milliequivalents per liter) HIGH PHOSPHORUS (PO4) FOODS HIGH POTASSIUM (K+) FOODS (HYPO = encourage) (HYPO = encourage) (HYPER = avoid) (HYPER = avoid) - Milk And Cheese - Baked Potato - Egg Yolks - Sweet Potato - Chocolate - Banana - Soft Drinks and Beer - Avocado - Fish, Beef, Chicken - Watermelon - Nuts And Beans - Spinach - Canned Clams BERNABE | NCM118 1  NCM118 | Electrolyte Imbalances SODIUM (Na+) IMBALANCES Normal Value: 135 – 145 mEq/L HYPERNATREMIA HYPONATREMIA >145 mEq/L