Elecs Finals.docx

**Lesson 6: Engineering Simulation** **Simulation** - an approximate imitation of the operation of a process or system that represents its operation over time. **Simulation Software** - is based on the process of modeling a real phenomenon with a set of mathematical formulas. It is a program that...

**Lesson 6: Engineering Simulation** **Simulation** - an approximate imitation of the operation of a process or system that represents its operation over time. **Simulation Software** - is based on the process of modeling a real phenomenon with a set of mathematical formulas. It is a program that allows the user to observe an operation through simulation without actually performing the operation. ***Software for Electrical and Electronics*** 1. - - 2. - - - - - 3. - - - 4. - 5. - - - 6. - - 7. - 8. - 9. - - - **Lesson 7: Computer Language and Programming** **Computer Language** - - - - **Encoding schemes** - - - - **Binary Number System** 1. - - - 2. - - - **Programming Languages** 1. - - - - 2. - - - 3. - - - - - **Compiling Source Code** - - **Programming** - the creation of an ordered set of instructions to solve a problem with a computer. **Programming Fundamentals** - - - - - **Methods of Programming** 1. - - - - 2. - - **Programming Tools** **Algorithm** - a finite sequence of well-defined, computer-implementable instructions, typically to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation *Tools that are used to convert algorithms into computer programs:* - - **Program Statement** - a syntatic unit of an imperative programming language that expresses some action to be carried out. - - **Relational Operators**  **Logical Operators** - - - **Choosing Conditions** **If-Statement**  **Two-way Selection** **If-else Statement**  **Multi-way with If-else** **Nesting**  **Switch Statement** **Switch Format**  **Repetition** - - **While Loop**  **For Loop**  **Do.. While Loop**  **Lesson 8: Microprocessor** **Microprocessor** a multipurpose, clock driven, register based, programmable electronic device that accepts digital data or binary data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output. **Computer** is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. ***History of Microprocessor*** - - - - - - - - - - **Microcontrollers** - - - - **Microcontroller Brands** - - - - - **Development Board** - - **Arduino** - **Arduino Compiler** - **Arduino Programming** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Lesson 9: Sensors** **Transducer** - converts energy forms such as movement, electrical signals, radiant energy, thermal or magnetic energy etc. into another form of energy. **Sensor** - a physical change in some characteristic that changes in response to some excitation **Actuator** - converts electrical energy into other forms of energy usually motion. **TYPE OF SENSORS ACCORDING TO SIGNAL** **Potentiometer** - - **Photoconductive Cell (LDR)** - two-terminal semiconductor device whose terminal resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity. **TYPES OF MATERIALS USED FOR LDR** **Photoconductivity** - material becomes more electrically conductive due to the absorption of electromagnetic radiation **Photoconductive Effect** - increase in conductivity of an illuminated semiconductor junction **Thermistor** - type of resistor whose resistance varies significantly with temperature **TYPES OF THERMISTORS** **ANALOG TO DIGITAL CCONVERSION** **Lesson 10: Parallel and Serial Communication Interface** **Data Transmission** - transfer of data from point-to-point **Parallel Data Transmission** - - **Serial Data Transmission** - - **RS232** -- typical computer COM port **SCI** -- serial communication interface; uses the universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter or UART **SPI** -- serial peripheral interface; part of port D. **UART** - a computer component that handles asynchronous serial communication **START BIT** - signals the beginning of the data word **DATA BIT** - content of the transmission **PARITY BIT** -- an error check bit placed after the data bits **STOP BIT** - one or two high bits that signal the end or the data word **DATA WORD** -- Start Bit, Data Bits, Parity Bit, & Stop Bit/s **BIT RATE** - refers to the number of bits transferred/second **BAUD RATE** - refers to data transferred per second or symbol transferred/second