EE2024 Lecture 21 PDF

drivers for High prices  For Electricity $ Conventional Load Power E le c tric ity...

drivers for High prices  For Electricity $ Conventional Load Power E le c tric ity ity ic c tr E le ity Renewable E le c tric For Electricity $ Power Power Pool Utility R EC For REC $ For Electricity $  For Electricity $ Conventional Load Power E le c tric ity ity ic c tr E le ity Renewable E le c tric For Electricity $ Power Power Pool Utility R EC Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) $$ for Electricity and RECs  " - What varres - :. Target percentage I year renenables compesition of. ⑦ \ aggressive ㅇ  Example of State-Level Energy Policy Renewable Portfolio Standards Percentage Y of electricity generation Goal from “renewable energy” by year X. Target Utilities increase the riw evergy Compliance Renewable Energy Mode Credits (RECs) Responsible Agency PUC’s RPS Mandatory Standard(s) Placed on Utilities Voluntary Tools REC Market Established for RECs Generators & Utilities REC Multipliers Incentives Established for Generators Set Asides Tiers Enforcement Monetary Fine Energy & Environment Lincoln Pratson, Duke University  Example of U.S. Energy Policy Clean Air Act Control Air Goal Pollution on a National Level Mobile Pollution Sources Target Point Sources Stationary Pollution Sources Compliance Non-Point Sources CAA Responsible Agency EPA Develop & enforce regulations Primary & Secondary Types of Standards National Ambient Short & Long Term Air Quality Standards Criteria Pollutants (NAAQS) Targets Attainment & Non- Attainment Areas Tools New Source Review Attainment: BACT Major Stationary Sources Non-Attainment: LAER Monetary Fines New Source BACT Enforcement State Performance Standard Implementation Emission Rate Plans (SIPS) Max Achievable Standards Control Technology for Hazardous Air Pollutants (MACT) CAA 111(d) (Clean Power Plan) Energy & Environment Lincoln Pratson, Duke University  Example of International Energy Policy U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change Achieve stabilization of GHGs at low enough level to Intergovernmental Panel on Goal prevent dangerous Climate Change interference with climate system “Developed” Countries Target Signatory Countries “Developing” Countries Compliance International Protocol Developed countries reduce Mode e.g. Kyoto GHG emissions 5% below their 1990 levels Mandatory(…?) Developed Countries UNFCCC Standards for Individual Countries Voluntary(…?) Developing Countries Tools Assigned Allowance Emission Trading Scheme Market of Carbon Internal Emission Reduction Allowances Other Purchased External Emission Clean Development Reduction Mechanism Aegis/oversight U.N. Individual Countries Enforcement Increased Emissions Penalties Reductions Energy & Environment Lincoln Pratson, Duke University  Example of International Energy Policy It has penalties Paris Climate Agreement. https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/6-must-know-facts-about-cop21/ Energy & Environment Lincoln Pratson, Duke University  September 2024 coal plants t ① shale gas → O dsden ? paiaind us 't this condition projectionunder https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/china/ USA China  Climate Warming Projections for Different Scenarios Under the Paris Agreement Energy & Environment http://climateactiontracker.org Lincoln Pratson, Duke University