Earth Science for STEM Quarter 2 Module 7, Structure and Evolution of Ocean Basins 2021 PDF

Earth Science for STEM Quarter 2 – Module 7: Structure and Evolution of Ocean Basins CO_Q2_ESS for STEM Module 7 Earth Science for STEM Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 7: Structure and Evolution of Ocean Basins First Edition, 2021...

Earth Science for STEM Quarter 2 – Module 7: Structure and Evolution of Ocean Basins CO_Q2_ESS for STEM Module 7 Earth Science for STEM Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 7: Structure and Evolution of Ocean Basins First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writers: May E. Taguinod Editors: Randie B. Atienza and Adelinda A. Fajardo Reviewers: Marionel U. Briz, Francia C. Silva, Eleneth D. Escalona, Jovy M. Perez, Cyrus T. Festijo, Rowena D. Cabanding Illustrator: Patrick Lemuel V. Reyes Layout Artist: Paulina S. Crescini, Leomar G. Paracha Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas Job S. Zape Jr. Ramonito O. Elumbaring Reicon C. Condes Elaine T. Balaogan Fe M. Ong-ongowan Sacoro R. Comia Fe M. Fallurin Marieta N. Perez Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2, Karangalan Village,Barangay San Isidro Cainta,Rizal 1800 Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: [email protected] Earth Science for STEM Quarter 2 – Module 7: Structure and Evolution of Ocean Basins Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.  What I Need to Know This module focusses on the evolution and structure of ocean basins. This aims to provide an overview of how ocean basins are formed over a million of years ago and what is their unique structure that geologist find most interesting. This includes pretest, procedure/learning experience/learning activities, reflection, and posttest. Read the directions carefully before doing all the exercises and activities. At the end of this module, the successful learner will be able to: 1. Identify and describe the structure of the ocean basin. 2. Trace the stages of the evolution of the ocean basin. What I Know Read and analyze the following questions. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which of the following structures of the ocean basin is partly a shallow extension of the continent underwater? a. Continental rise b. Continental shelf c. Continental slope d. Island 2. Which of the following best describes continental slope? a. It is the flattest part of the ocean. b. It is where the ocean begins. c. It starts from oceanic crust to continental crust. d. It is part of the ocean basin that extends up from the ocean floor. 3. Which of the following is the deepest part of the ocean? a. Abyssal plain b. Continental Slope c. Seamount d. Trench 1 CO_Q2_ESS for STEM Module 7 4. Which of the following refers to the mountain system? a. Abyssal plain b. Continental Slope c. Mid-oceanic ridge d. Trench 5. Why are undersea mountain flat? a. because of earthquake b. because of large marine animal c. because of erosion caused by waves d. because of large ships that pass through it 6. Where does upwelling process most likely occur? a. Abyssal plane b. Mid-oceanic ridge c. Seamount d. Trench 7. What happens during embryonic stage of ocean basin? a. Formation of young to mature mountain belts b. Formation of narrow seas with matching coasts c. Formation of ocean basin with continental margins d. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents 8. What will most likely occur during juvenile stage of the ocean basin? a. Formation of young to mature mountain belts b. Formation of narrow seas with matching coasts c. Formation of ocean basin with continental margins d. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents 9. Which of the following is the ocean basin in mature stage? a. Atlantic Ocean b. East African Rift Valley c. Pacific Ocean d. Red Sea 10. An ocean basin formed a narrow, irregular seas with young mountains. What stage of the Wilson Cycle was exhibit? a. Juvenile b. Mature c. Suturing d. Terminal 2 CO_Q2_ESS for STEM Module 7 11. How will you categorize the stages of the ocean basin that formed island arcs and trenches around basin edge? a. Declining b. Embryonic c. Juvenile d. Mature 12. Which stage of ocean basin forms a rift valley? a. Declining b. Embryonic c. Suturing d. Terminal 13. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the Wilson Cycle? I. Young to mature mountain belts II. Narrow seas with matching coasts III. Ocean basin with continental margins IV. Narrow irregular seas with young mountains V. Islands arcs and trenches around basin edge VI. Complex system of linear rift valleys on continent a. I,II,III,IV,V,VI b. VI,V,IV,III,II,I c. VI,II,III,V,IV,I d. I,V,VI,IV,III,II 14. Which of the following is the best example of ocean basin in Suturing stage? a. Atlantic Ocean b. Himalayan Mountains c. Pacific Ocean d. Red Sea 15. In which stage of ocean basin formation does divergence occur? a. Juvenile and Mature b. Embryonic and Juvenile c. Mature and Declining d. Terminal and Suturing 3 CO_Q2_ESS for STEM Module 7  Lesson Structure and Evolution of 7 Ocean Basin Over a long period of time, as plate tectonics meet and subduction occurs, a vast geologic basin that covers the large area of Earth’s surface is formed called ocean basins. It has different structures that describe its unique feature. Living on an ocean planet, where 70% are covered with water, there are unseen creatures and astounding views and features that we can discover, and one of these is the ocean basins. What’s In Stop , Look, and Observe! Observe and analyze the given illustration. Answer the questions that follow. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper. 1. Based on the illustration, what do you think causes the sea floor to spread? 2. What does the picture tell us about our ocean and continents? 3. What other things have you learned about sea floor spreading? Notes to the Teacher As a facilitator always instructed your learners to carefully read and analyze the content and activities written in the module. Asks them about knowledge they obtained and achieved as they go through the module. 4 CO_Q2_ESS for STEM Module 7  What’s New Jumbler Task Arrange the following stages in chronological order. Write number 1 as the first step, number 2 as second and so on. Formation of trenches Bending of outermost crust Dense lithosphere melts or slides Two tectonic plates meet beneath less- dense lithosphere 5 CO_Q2_ESS for STEM Module 7  What is It Less than 100 million years ago the supercontinent Pangea had existed. Because of tectonic forces and processes, the supercontinent breaks apart and ocean basins are formed. The ocean basins cover the largest area of the earth’s surface. All of the ocean basins were formed from volcanic rock that was released from the fissures that is located at the mid-ocean ridges, which is an underwater mountain range formed by plate tectonics. Through subduction process and high gravitational energy, oceanic lithosphere is forced to move under the mantle. Over years, ocean basins are continuously evolving as four major ocean subdivision is formed. The world ocean is divided into the North and South Pacific, North and South Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic Oceans. They are all distinct based on their stage of geological evolution. Pacific Ocean basin is the largest, deepest, and oldest existing ocean basin. More trenches, and more frequent tsunamis happen here. It has been shaped by plate tectonics. The second largest ocean basin is the Atlantic followed by the Indian ocean basin. The smallest of the earth’s ocean basins is Arctic and is covered by ice. Through the formation of ocean basins, different features and structures are formed. See figure 2 below. 1. Continental shelf- Partly shallow extension of the continent underwater. 2. Continental slope- Transition zone of continental shelf and deep ocean floor. It starts from oceanic crust to continental crust. 3. Continental rise- It is where the ocean begins. All basaltic and oceanic rocks are found here. It is the place where the sediments from land are washed. The continental margin starts from continental shelf up to continental rise. 4. Abyssal plain- The flattest part of the ocean. 50 % of the earth’s surface is being covered by this plain. 5. Island- It’s not just a piece of land floating up in the middle of the sea, it is part of the ocean basin that extends up from the ocean floor. 6. Seamount- It is an undersea mountain. The erosion caused by waves destroyed the top of a seamount which caused it to be flattened. 7. Trench- It is the deepest part of the ocean. 8. Mid-oceanic ridge- The seafloor mountain system which is situated in the middle of the ocean basin. It is where upwelling of magma happens which causes the sea floor to spread. 6 CO_Q2_ESS for STEM Module 7  Figure 1. The ocean basin Figure 2. Cross section of ocean basin Evolution of the Ocean Basin The Wilson Cycle explains the process of the opening (beginning) and the closing (end) of an ocean which is driven by Plate Tectonics. This process is named after the Canadian Geophysicist J. Tuzo Wilson (1908-1993). It is divided into 6 stages namely: 1. Embryonic Ocean Basin 2.Juvenile Ocean Basin 3. Mature Ocean Basin 4. Declining Ocean Basin 5. Terminal Ocean Basin 6. Suturing (Continental collision) 7 CO_Q2_ESS for STEM Module 7 The table below gives details on each stage of Wilson Cycle Table 1. Stages of Wilson Cycle Stage Description Example Embryonic Motion: Uplift East African Rift Valleys Complex system of linear rift valleys on continent Juvenile Motion: Red Sea Divergence (Spreading) Narrow seas with matching coasts Mature Motion: Atlantic and Divergence Arctic (Spreading) Oceans Ocean basin with continental margins Declining Motion: Pacific Convergent Ocean (Subduction) Islands arcs and trenches around basin edge 8 CO_Q2_ESS for STEM Module 7  Terminal Motion: Mediterrane Convergent an Seas (Collision and Uplift) Narrow, irregular seas with young mountains Suturing Motion: Himalayas Convergence Mountains and Uplift Young to mature mountain belts What’s More The Ocean Basin Label the structures of ocean basin below. Choose your answer from the word bank provided. Continental shelf Abyssal plain Trench Island Continental rise Mid-oceanic ridge Seamount Continental slope 9 CO_Q2_ESS for STEM Module 7  What I Have Learned Fill in the Table Complete the table below. Use the details inside the box. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper. Uplift Terminal Pacific Ocean Narrow seas Himalayas Mountains Spreading Young to mature Mature Island Arcs and trenches mountains Mediterranean Seas Convergence and Uplift Red Sea Stages Motion Description Example Complex system East African Rift 1. Embryonic of linear rift Valleys valleys 2. Juvenile Divergence Ocean basin with Atlantic and Arctic 3. Continental Oceans Margins 4. Declining Subduction Narrow irregular Collision and 5. seas with young Uplift mountains 6. Suturing 10 CO_Q2_ESS for STEM Module 7  What I Can Do “A Traveler” Using Map, identify and locate at least five places where the six stages of Wilson Cycle occur. Assessment Select the letter of the best answer and write it in a separate sheet of paper 1. Where does upwelling process most likely occur? a. Abyssal plane b. Mid-oceanic ridge c. Seamount d. Trench 2. What happens during embryonic stage of ocean basin? a. Formation of young to mature mountain belts b. Formation of narrow seas with matching coasts c. Formation of ocean basin with continental margins d. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents 3. Which of the following will most likely occur during juvenile stage of the ocean basin? a. Formation of young to mature mountain belts b. Formation of narrow seas with matching coasts c. Formation of ocean basin with continental margins d. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents 4. Which is an example of the ocean basin in mature stage? a. Atlantic Ocean b. East African Rift Valley c. Pacific Ocean d. Red Sea 5. An ocean basin formed a narrow, irregular seas with young mountains. What stage of the Wilson cycle was exhibited? a. Juvenile b. Mature c. Suturing d. Terminal 11 CO_Q2_ESS for STEM Module 7 6. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the Wilson Cycle? I. Young to mature mountain belts 6 II. Narrow seas with matching coasts 2 III. Ocean basin with continental margins 3 IV. Narrow irregular seas with young mountains 5 V. Islands arcs and trenches around basin edge 4 VI. Complex system of linear rift valleys on continent 1 a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI b. VI, V, IV, III, II, I c. VI, II, III, V, IV, I d. I, V, VI, IV, III, II 7. Which of the following is the best example of ocean basin in Suturing stage? a. Atlantic Ocean b. Himalayas Mountains c. Pacific Ocean d. Red Sea 8. In which stage of ocean basin formation does divergence occur? a. Juvenile and Mature b. Embryonic and Juvenile c. Mature and Declining d. Terminal and Suturing 9. Which of the following structures of the ocean basin is a partly shallow extension of the continent underwater? a. Continental rise b. Continental Shelf c. Continental slope d. Island 10. Which of the following best describes continental slope? a. It is the flattest part of the ocean. b. It where the ocean begins. c. It starts from oceanic crust to continental crust. d. It is part of the ocean basin that extends up from the ocean floor. 11. Which of the following is the deepest part of the ocean? a. Abyssal plain b. Continental slope c. Seamount d. Trench 12. Which of the following refers to the seafloor mountain system? a. Abyssal plain b. Continental slope c. Mid-oceanic ridge d. Trench 13. Why are undersea mountains flat? a. because of earthquake b. because of large marine animals 12 CO_Q2_ESS for STEM Module 7  c. because of erosion caused by waves d. because of large ships that pass through it 14. How will you categorize the stage of the ocean basin that formed island arcs and trenches around basin edge? a. Declining b. Embryonic c. Juvenile d. Mature 15. Which stage of ocean basin forms a rift valley? a. Declining b. Embryonic c. Suturing d. Terminal Additional Activities Watch the link below about Ocean Basins. Grade 11 & 12 | Earth Science | Structure and Evolution of Ocean Basins | Theresa Reyes Q2 W6 - YouTube 13 CO_Q2_ESS for STEM Module 7  Module 7 CO_Q2_ESS for STEM 14 What’s New What I have Learned What I Know What's More Assessment 1. B 1. Continental Shelf 1. B 2. C 2. Continental slope 2. D 3. D 3. Continental Rise 3. B 4. C 4. Mid-oceanic ridge 4. A 5. C 5. A 5. Abyssal Plain 6. B 6. C 7. D 6. Island 7. B 8. B 7. Seamount 8. A 9. A 8. Trench 9. B 10. A 10. C 11. A 11. D 12. B 12. C 13. C 13. C 14. B 14. A 15. A 15. B Answer Key References Books Bayo-Ang, Roly B., Maria Lourdes G. Coronacion, Anna Mae T. Jorda and Anna Jamille Restubig. 2016. Earth and Life Science for Senior High School. Educational Resources Corporation. Olivar, Jose, Raymond Rodolfo and Hillel Cabria. 2016. Exploring Life Through Science Series. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Online Resources Retrieved on May 30, 2020: https://www.britannica.com/science/stratification- geology Retrieved on May 30, 2020: http://sciencenetlinks.com/lessons/how- sedimentary-rocks-are- formed/ Retrieved on May 30, 2020: https://www.barrons.com/articles/great- escapes-the-majesty-of- petra-jordan-01559338200 Retrieved on May 30, 2020: https://study.com/academy/lesson/ stratification-definition-theory- examples.html Retrieved on May 31,2020: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_8eI0H1tR0&t=8s Retrieved on May 31,2020: https://www.rsc.org/education/teachers/resources Retrieved on May31, 2020: https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/earthquake- hazards/science/tracking-stress-buildup-and-crustal-deformation?qt- science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects Retrieved on May 31, 2020: https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/ks3/gsl/education Retrieved on May 31, 2020: https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/fossils/rocks-layers.html Retrieved on August 11, 2021: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/ rock-cycle/ 15 CO_Q2_ESS for STEM Module 7 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]