Earth Science 8 Past Paper - Typhoon Tracking PDF

ILOILO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Luna Street, La Paz, Iloilo City (for INHS classroom use only) Earth Science 8 Quarter 2 - Week 6 At the end of the lesson, I would be able to: S8ES-IIf-21- Trace the path of typhoons that...

ILOILO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Luna Street, La Paz, Iloilo City (for INHS classroom use only) Earth Science 8 Quarter 2 - Week 6 At the end of the lesson, I would be able to: S8ES-IIf-21- Trace the path of typhoons that enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) using a map and tracking data. Concepts: Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) This is the lowest and inmost monitoring domain; whose boundary is closest to the archipelago. Exact dimension of this domain is realm of the Western Pacific confines by imaginary lines connecting the coordinates: 25ºN, 120ºE; 25ºN, 135ºE; 5ºN, 135ºE; 5ºN, 115ºE; 15ºN, 115ºE; 21ºN, 120ºE. The western boundary of the PAR is closer to the coastlines of the country than the eastern boundary. On the other hand, the eastern PAR boundary is several hundred kilometers off from the closest coastline within the eastern a part of the country and completely encloses the East Philippine Sea. Tropical Cyclones inside the PAR permits the issuance of Severe Weather Bulletin, the very best level of cautioning information issued for tropical cyclone. Typhoon-Prone Philippines The Philippine archipelago is strategically located within the typhoon belt of the Pacific and lying within the Proximity of the ITCZ. Every year the Philippines is hit by typhoons. The country is often hit between the month of June and November. Occasionally it may hit beyond these months. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) is a government agency responsible for monitoring typhoons and weather disturbance within the PAR. According to PAGASA, about 20 tropical cyclones enter the Philippine Area of responsibility each year. A system with five warning levels use to describe the intensity of a storm. Each level corresponds to a range of wind speed (kph) and the approximate number of hours wherein strong winds or rains are expected from the time the warning is first issue. The following categories with their equivalent wind speed are: Tropical depression (61 kph or less), tropical storm (62-88 kph), severe tropical storm (89-117 kph), typhoon (118- 220 kph), and super typhoon (more than 220 kph). In the Philippines, we use the same word for all categories of tropical cyclones. We call it “bagyo” whether it is a tropical depression, a tropical storm, or a typhoon. Also, the PAG-ASA issues Public Storm Warning Signals when an area is about to hit by a tropical cyclone in the Philippines ONLY. Typhoons are tracked using a track chart to determine the position, intensity and predicted direction of the movement of the typhoon. Thus, precautionary measures have to be undertaken to prevent the loss of lives and properties before, during, and after a typhoon. Page 1  ILOILO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Luna Street, La Paz, Iloilo City (for INHS classroom use only) Earth Science 8 Activity 6: Alarming Typhoon A. Tracing the PAR (Before tracking any typhoon, we must trace first the PAR.) Instruction: On the map, plot using blue pen the coordinate points of the PAR. Then, connect the plotted points. Write the equivalent letter of points for every coordinate. Analysis Questions: 1. If a typhoon is located at 15°N, 138°E, is it within the PAR? 2. How about if the typhoon is at 19°N, 117°E, is it inside the PAR? B. Tracking Typhoon (Mangkut) Ompong Materials Needed: map with the PAR, tracking data, pencil, ruler, and red pen Instruction: Use the given latitude and longitude (round off in whole number for easy plotting) in the table below to track the location of Ompong. Plot each lat-long pair on the map with the PAR using red pen. Write the equivalent letter for each point. Date 12-16 September 2018 Typhoon Ompong (International Name: Typhoon Mangkut) Point Month/Day/Time Latitude (°N) Longitude (°E) Wind Speed Category A 9/12/06 14 135.2 282 B 9/12/12 14.2 134 282 C 9/12/18 14.3 132.5 290 D 9/13/00 14.5 131.2 266 E 9/13/06 14.7 130.2 266 F 9/13/12 15 129 266 G 9/13/18 15.2 127.9 282 H 9/14/00 15.9 126.9 282 I 9/14/06 16.8 125.6 266 J 9/14/12 17.4 124.1 266 K 9/14/18 18 122.3 266 L 9/15/00 18.1 120.6 209 M 9/15/06 18.5 119.7 193 N 9/15/12 19.2 118.4 193 O 9/15/18 19.8 116.9 169 P 9/16/00 20.7 115.2 161 Q 9/15/00 21.6 113.6 145 Essential Questions: 1. Is it possible to plot ALL the points in the table on the map? 2. Where (land or ocean) did typhoon Ompong form? 3. When did typhoon Ompong enter the PAR? 4. When did typhoon Ompong hit the land? 5. When did typhoon Ompong leave the PAR? 6. What happen to the speed of the wind when Ompong hits the land? 7. In what direction did typhoon Ompong move? 8. Why is there a need to track typhoons? 9. Why PAGASA regularly monitors when a tropical cyclone is within PAR? What important details are obtained from a tracking map? Page 2  ILOILO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Luna Street, La Paz, Iloilo City (for INHS classroom use only) Earth Science 8 At the end of the session, I would be able to: S8ES-IId-18-Explain how typhoon develops and how it is affected by landmasses and bodies of water. Concepts: A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by counterclockwise rotating air mass around a central part called eye that has a low pressure. In the Caribbean, Mexico, and the United States, a tropical cyclone is officially called a hurricane, after Huracan, who is the God of the storm from Island Carib. The term typhoon is used only in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. The Philippines has various terms for typhoons depending on the dialect. Tagalog people would call them sigwa, sigwada, and unos or malakas na unos while Cebuanos call it bagyo. Several atmospheric ingredients must close to favor the formation of a typhoon. There are several atmospheric conditions which, if met, could cause a typhoon to create. Abundance of warm water, ocean water temperature of 26.5°C, spanning from the surface up to a depth od at leasr 50, high humidity, low vertical shear and optimal location for the typhoon are all important factors for typhoon formation. These factors are important in this tremendous amount of warmth energy are transported from the tropics northward to the upper latitudes. The typhoon may be a large engine, where great amounts of warmth are being produced from the method of heat of condensation. This happens as vapor is being evaporated from the ocean surface and condensed into cloud droplets. High humidity and ocean temperature of over 260C are the major contributing factors how the tropical cyclones are formed. If you could slice into a tropical cyclone, it would look something like the figure on the side. The center of the typhoon is the eye of the typhoon which is usually a calm region with occasional winds blowing at 20 km/hr. Normally, it is 30 km in diameter. The doughnut-shape wall, which is composed of a hot tower of clouds in which the heaviest rains and the strongest winds occur is called eyewall. The small rising arrows on the right show warm, moist air rising from the ocean's surface, and forming clouds in bands around the eye. The descending arrows show how cool, dry air sinks in the eye and between the bands of clouds. The rotating arrows show the rotation of the rising bands of clouds. Rainbands are spiral bands of typhoon. Outer rainbands are outer spiral bands of a typhoon. These bands are scattered and move inward. In this part, rainfall maybe light to moderate and wind speed are up to 62 kph while Inner rainbands are the main spiral bands of a typhoon. These bands now appear organized and move inward (ex. toward the center). In this part there is moderate intermittent rain and winds of 63-117 kph. Tropical cyclones usually weaken when they hit land, because they are no longer being "fed" by the energy from the warm ocean waters. However, they often move far inland, dumping many inches of rains and causing lots of wind damage before they die out completely. Page 3  ILOILO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Luna Street, La Paz, Iloilo City (for INHS classroom use only) Earth Science 8 C: How Typhoon Develops Direction: The following pictures below are the correct sequence on typhoon formation. To give you an idea of how it happened, all you need to do is to describe them using the sentences found below. A. As the pressure in the central column (the eye) weakens, the speed of the wind around it increases. All the heat and air flow toward the eye creating the typhoon. B. The thunderstorms convert the moisture into heat. The heat causes more air to flow to the center of the storm causing evaporation. A column of low pressure develops at the center. Winds form around the column. C. Typhoon starts from tropical thunderstorms. The strong winds pull in the moisture from the ocean. Water evaporates from the ocean surface and comes into air, forming clouds. D. Shown below are the tracks /paths of four tropical cyclones that entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) in the past years which were plotted by PAGASA. Study and analyze the tracks of the typhoon. Analysis Questions: 1. In what direction did the four tropical cyclones move? 2. Where does tropical cyclones form, on land or in the ocean? 3. Which is a better source of water vapor, landmasses or oceans? 4. Where do you think would evaporation be greatest, near the equator or away from the equator? 5. What can you say about the temperature of the bodies of water in the vicinity of the Philippines? Is the water warm or cold? 6. In the case of Agaton, Yoyong and Huaning, where did they die out? Near land or in the middle of the ocean? Why? Page 4