Earth’s Subsystem.pptx

Earth’s Subsystems EARTH SCIENCE What does it mean to be a “system” ? A system is consist of parts that work together  A system is a collection of interacting objects Types of systems: ISOLATE CLOSE D D OPEN  Types of systems: IS...

Earth’s Subsystems EARTH SCIENCE What does it mean to be a “system” ? A system is consist of parts that work together  A system is a collection of interacting objects Types of systems: ISOLATE CLOSE D D OPEN  Types of systems: ISOLATED SYSTEM IN WHICH THE BOUNDARY PREVENTS THE SYSTEM FROM EXCHANGING EITHER MATTER OR ENERGY WITH ITS SURROUNDINGS. Types of systems:  Types of systems: CLOSED SYSTEM IN WHICH THE BOUNDARY PERMITS THE EXCHANGE OF ENERGY, BUT NOT MATTER, WITH THE SURROUNDINGS. Types of systems:  Types of systems: OPEN SYSTEM, IS ONE THAT CAN EXCHANGE BOTH ENERGY AND MATTER ACROSS ITS BOUNDARY  Living in a Closed System THE EARTH SYSTEM COMPRISES FOUR VAST RESERVOIRS, WITH CONSTANT FLOWS OF ENERGY AND MATTER AMONG THEM  The four great reservoirs are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the biosphere, and the geosphere. Each of these complex reservoirs functions as a subsystem on its  AS A WHOLE, EARTH IS A CLOSED SYSTEM—OR AT LEAST VERY CLOSE TO BEING A CLOSED SYSTEM.  ENERGY REACHES EARTH IN ABUNDANCE IN THE FORM OF SOLAR RADIATION. ENERGY ALSO LEAVES THE SYSTEM IN THE FORM OF LONGER- WAVELENGTH INFRARED RADIATION. MATTER, ON THE OTHER HAND, IS LARGELY CONFINED WITHIN THE SYSTEM  TWO IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS OF A CLOSED SYSTEM  FIRST, BECAUSE THE AMOUNT OF MATTER IN A CLOSED SYSTEM IS FIXED AND FINITE, THE MINERAL RESOURCES ON THIS PLANET ARE ALL WE HAVE AND —FOR THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE—ALL WE WILL EVER HAVE SECOND, IF CHANGES ARE MADE IN ONE PART OF A CLOSED SYSTEM, THE RESULTS OF THOSE CHANGES EVENTUALLY WILL AFFECT OTHER PARTS OF THE SYSTEM. THE ATMOSPHER E  THE IS THE THIN GASEOUS LAYER ATMOSPHER THAT ENVELOPES THE LITHOSPHERE. E  THE THE PRESENT ATMOSPHERE IS ATMOSPHER COMPOSED OF 78% NITROGEN (N), 21% OXYGEN (O2), 0.9% E argon, and trace amount of other gases  L AYERS OF ATMOSPHERE The geosphere includes the rocks of the crust and mantle, the metallic liquid outer core, and the solid metallic inner  The Hydrosphere Water covers much of Earth’s surface, and 97% of this water is contained in the salty oceans  The Biosphere  The biosphere is composed of all of the forms of life in the geosphere,in the hydrosphere, and in the atmosphere FLOW OF MATTER AND ENERGY  BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE - The movement of the chemicals through the biosphere The cycle shows the movement of chemicals from their nonliving reservoir through the various food chains of the ecosystem and their return these reservoirs NITROGEN CYCLE  The Oxygen Cycle - Oxygen not only supports life, it arises from life - Its plays a fundamental role as a building block of practically all vital molecules  The Earth’s Subsystem INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM Smoke in the air may have coated the lungs of animals—including people--and affected their ability to breathe.  The Earth’s Subsystem INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM Lithosphere Biosphere A decrease in vegetation may have resulted in increased soil erosion because there were fewer roots to hold the soil in place.