Earth-Spheres.pptx

EARTH’S SPHERE  The Earth’s Surface To make investigations easier the surface of the Earth has been divided up into four interconnected spheres: Lithosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Biosphere HYDROSPHER E HYDROSPHERE It comes from the ancient Greek “hydro” which means water and “sphair...

EARTH’S SPHERE  The Earth’s Surface To make investigations easier the surface of the Earth has been divided up into four interconnected spheres: Lithosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Biosphere HYDROSPHER E HYDROSPHERE It comes from the ancient Greek “hydro” which means water and “sphaira” which means sphere. It refers to water on, under and over the surface of the Earth.  WATER CYCLE There is always the same amount of water on Earth. Water appears in different states (liquid, gas or solid form). Water continually move between the atmosphere, the oceans and the continents. ATMOSPHERE Greek word "atmós" meaning "vapor" or "steam" and "sphaira" meaning "sphere" or "globe. Gaseous envelop of earth This continual movement is called the water cycle: Evaporation: water evaporates into the atmosphere, where it cools. Condensation: As it get cooler on the atmosphere, it condenses and forms clouds. Precipitation: when clouds cannot absorb any more water there is precipitation in the form of rain, snow or hail. Some precipitation falls on the land flowing into lakes and rivers, other water filters into the ground becoming groundwater. Transportation: water in rivers or groundwater is transported to the oceans and seas again and the water cycle begins again.  Types of Water Saltwater: 97% of the Earth’s water Freshwater: 3% is fresh is saltwater located mainly in the water located on continents oceans and seas. and islands (river, lakes, groundwater, water vapor)  Uneven water distribution Water is essential for life. Humans can only drink fresh water that needs to be purified. As most fresh water is trapped in ice and glaciers there is not much water for human consumption left. So we need to recycle water to assure our lifelihood. Although water is found in a considerable amount in temperate and tropical regions where there is a lot of precipitation there is an uneven distribution of water on the Earth. Floods: the inundation of land that is normally dry through the overflowing of a body of water Droughts: a long period of scanty or low rainfall that normally affects growing or living conditions. What do you think is the implication of 3% Freshwater in our consumption of water? ATMOSPHERE Feature: atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen, and 1% carbon dioxide, argon, water vapor, etc. Variable components: aerosol Solid particles, dust, liquid present in atmosphere Water vapor Water in gaseous phase ozone Composition of ozone layer LAYERS OF ATMOSPHERE   low densities of hydrogen, helium and Exosphe several heavier molecules including nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide re Thermosph  Aurora borealis (northern lights)  Aurora australis (southern lights) ere The thermosphere is home to the ionosphere, where auroras occur, and is where many satellites orbit the Earth  The mesosphere is also known for Mesospher meteors burning up upon entering this e layer, creating bright streaks in the sky. Stratosphe  Where ozone layer reside  Jet plane fly in this layer re Troposph  Where people live  Changes of weather ere  Where commercial plane fly OZONE LAYER DEPLETION  Ozone layer depletion is the gradual thinning of the earth’s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused due to the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous bromine or chlorine from industries or other human activities.  CONCEPT MAP THAT SHOWS THE CAUSE AND EFFECT OF OZONE DEPLETION GEOSPHERE Shell of rocky planet, most rigid outer layer and solid part of the earth. Sphere: it reach up to 6,400 km. Land organism Earth’s major layer: Crust Mantle Outer core Inner core Crust Outermost layer of the earth. Approximately 98% of the crust is made up of eight key elements: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium Types:  oceanic crust  continental crush  Mantle The largest part of the earth’s layer. (82% volume) Mohorovi cic made mostly of iron, magnesium Crust and silicon, it is dense, hot and Outer mantle semi-solid (think caramel candy) Discontinuity: Lower mantle Gutenberg Mohorovicic discontinuity Outer core discontinuity (boarder between crust and upper mantle) Inner core Guttenberg discontinuity (boarder between lower mantle and outer core) bullen discontinuity Bullen discontinuity (separates outer and inner core) Inner and Outer core core is the inner part Mohorovi of earth cic Crust Outer mantle 2 division of core: Lower mantle Inner core: Gutenberg Outer core discontuinity liquid structure Inner core bullen discontuinity Outer core: solid in strucrure BIOSPHERE Living organism: animals, plants, microbes, and other form of life. (found on 1 Km) Anthroposphere: human sphere; modified by humans.