Earthquakes: Types, Causes, and Effects PDF

EARTH SCIENCE  AT THE END OF THE LESSON THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO: 1. USE MODELS OR ILLUSTRATIONS TO EXPLAIN HOW MOVEMENTS ALONG FAULTS GENERATE EARTHQUAKES. 2. DIFFERENTIATE THE EPICENTER OF AN EARTHQUAKE FROM ITS FOCUS. EARTHQUAKE Is the shaking of the surface of the Ear...

EARTH SCIENCE  AT THE END OF THE LESSON THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO: 1. USE MODELS OR ILLUSTRATIONS TO EXPLAIN HOW MOVEMENTS ALONG FAULTS GENERATE EARTHQUAKES. 2. DIFFERENTIATE THE EPICENTER OF AN EARTHQUAKE FROM ITS FOCUS. EARTHQUAKE Is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere WHAT CAUSES THEM? The crust represent the stick in this GIF. It will snap (causes earthquake) Types TYPES of curst OF CRUST Types TYPES of curst OF CRUST What caused those forces? And the outcome….. Tectonic Plates Plates Plates  WHERE DO EARTHQUAKES MOSTLY HAPPEN? Land FAULTS Is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock. Faults allow the blocks to move relative to each other. FAULTS faults are classified as inactive and active faults: active faults always have seismic activities while for inactive faults there is no seismic activities for over 1000 years.  Faults in the Philippines  The Philippines has Five major fault lines. 1. Marikina Valley Fault 2. Western Philippine Fault 3. Eastern Philippine Fault 4. Southern of Mindanao Fault 5. Central Philippine Fault Earthquakes and faults Types of fault  Normal fault(also called spreading centers) are the place where two plates move apart.  Reverse/fault form where two plates move together.  Transform fault are margins where two plates grind past each other without the production or destruction of the lithosphere.  Three types of fault Normal fault Normal fault(also called spreading centers) are the place where two plates move apart. Normal fault(also called spreading centers) are the place where two plates move apart. BUKIDNON GRAND CANYON  Three types of fault Reverse fault Reverse/fault form where two plates move together. Reverse/fault form where two plates move together. VOLCANOES OR MOUNTAINS  Outcomes of earthquakes Reverse Fault Reverse/fault form where two plates move together. TRENCHES  Outcomes of earthquakes Reverse Fault Reverse/fault form where two plates move together.  Outcomes of earthquakes Reverse Fault Reverse/fault form where two plates move together.  Three types of fault strike - slip fault Transform fault are margins where two plates grind past each other without the production or destruction of the lithosphere Transform fault are margins where two plates grind past each other without the production or destruction of the lithosphere LAND RIDGES Outcomes of earthquakes Strike-Split Fault  Where did it all begin? WHERE DOES THE EARTHQUAKE SPECIFICALLY HAPPEN? LOCATION OF THE ENERGY RELEASED Focus  The point where energy is released is what we call the focus. The foci are found in depths of 0 -700 kilometers. Shallow foci are from 0-70km intermediate foci 80km-300 km deep foci are 400-700km. Epicenter  The epicenter is the points on the earth’s surface directly above the focus and this is where the energy waves are felt the most. MAJOR PETA IN EARTH SCIENCE PERFORMANCE SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT TASK PERFORMANCE STANDARD: 1. create an infographic pamphlet on earthquake, typhoon, fire preparedness 2. Make an emergency plan and prepare an emergency kit for use at home and in school. The goal is to inform people on the safety precautions that GOAL they can do before and during an earthquake. a. Graphic artist ROLE b. Public speaker c. Researcher MAJOR PETA IN EARTH SCIENCE The Philippines is considered to be a place that is constantly bombarded with daily tectonic movements. Just recently, a magnitude 5.3 earthquake hits Quezon city which was also felt in manila. Fortunately every year, the government task people to participate in earthquake drills and seminars on earthquake preparedness to SITUATION address the quality of citizens’ readiness in such situations. To further contribute with this government project, your school will be giving out informative pamphlets about earthquake preparedness to ensure the earthquake alertness during earthquakes in various specific locations such as tall buildings, near the ocean, near the volcano, atop a hill, underground, on a bridge, etc. Your task is to gather information on precautions that need to be done when in the following places (tall buildings, near the ocean, near the volcano, atop a hill, underground, on a bridge, etc.). And you are to create a small informative pamphlet on precautions and PRODUCT/ list of emergency kits designed well for such places which your group will explain to the PERFORMANCE people. PERFORMANCE: A short presentation on the content of the pamphlet. PRODUCT: An Informative Pamphlet about emergency plans and emergency kits on the given places (using Canva or any form of computer media for design). USE CANVA TEMPLATE IS TRIFOLD BROCHURE MAJOR PETA IN EARTH SCIENCE Criteria Developing(1-4) Standard (5-7) Exemplary(8-10) Total Concept Was not able to fully explain Was able to explain some Was able to fully explain the 10 the concept on precautions to of the concepts on concept on precautions to do do before and during an precautions to do before before and during an earthquake earthquake and during an earthquake Quality / Sloppy work Well-made; has some Well-made; no typo-errors 10 Creativity Does not follow the agreed errors in typing Follows the agreed format all format. Lacks imaginative Follows some of the throughout. Demonstrates thinking; output produced agreed format. imaginative thinking; output has no innovative or unique Demonstrates moderate produced has innovative an qualities imaginative skills’ output unique qualities produced has some innovative and unique qualities Punctuality Does no submit on time. Submits on time Submits ahead of time 5 (1-2) (3-4) (5) Teamwork Only one team member did Half of the group member All group members has a role in 5 *individual the work did the work the task grade will also (1-2) (3-4) be given. (5) Total score / 30pts EARTH SCIENCE  AT THE END OF THE LESSON THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO: 1. DIFFERENTIATE AN ACTIVE FROM AN INACTIVE FAULT 2. DIFFERENTIATE INTENSITY FROM MAGNITUDE 3. EXPLAIN HOW EARTHQUAKE CAUSES TSUNAMI FAULTS faults are classified as inactive and active faults active faults always have seismic activities while for inactive faults there is no seismic activities for over 1000 years. Marikina Valley fault  Faults in the Philippines  The Philippines has Five major fault lines. 1. Marikina Valley Fault 2. Western Philippine Fault 3. Eastern Philippine Fault 4. Southern of Mindanao Fault 5. Central Philippine Fault Intensity and magnitude Can we predict when an earthquake will happen? SEISMOGRAPH Measures vibration underground SEISMOGRAPH Zhang heng SEISMOGRAPH John Milne They set up underground to accurately measure the vibration of the ground what is the measurement? Intensity and magnitude Magnitude Energy 8 6.3 X 10^23 7 2.0X10^22 6 6.3X10^20 5 2.0X10^19 4 6.3X10^17 3 2.0X10^16 2 6.3X10^14 1 2.0X10^13 Richter Moment scale magnitude scale The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology as a mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes.  Moment The magnitude Richter magnitude scale wasscale as a mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes. Mercalli Momentintensity scale magnitude scale The Mercalli intensity scale is a scale to measure the intensity of earthquakes. Giuseppe Mercalli (1850-1914) originally developed the scale, with ten levels. In 1902, Adolfo Cancani extended the scale to include twelve levels. August Heinrich Sieberg completely rewrote the scale. For this reason, the scale is sometimes named Mercalli-Cancani-Sieberg scale, or MCS scale. The Mercalli intensity scale Moment magnitude scale is a scale to measure the intensity of earthquakes. Moment Momentmagnitude magnitude scale scale The moment magnitude scale is a measure of an earthquake's magnitude based on its seismic moment. Expressed in terms of the familiar magnitudes of the original "Richter" magnitude scale. The moment magnitude scale is a measure of an Moment magnitude scale earthquake's magnitude based on its seismic moment. Expressed in terms of the familiar magnitudes of the original "Richter" magnitude scale. How does it feel in relation to another? liquefaction Soil liquefaction occurs when soil loses strength and during an earthquake. a solid behaves like a liquid. Landslide A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Landslide A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," which denotes any down-slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity. Tsunamis Tsunami is commonly called a seismic wave. Japanese word Tsu - big Nami - Wave Tsunamis EARTH SCIENCE  AT THE END OF THE LESSON THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO: 1. EXPLAIN HOW EARTHQUAKES PROVIDES INFORMATION ABOUT THE INFERIOR OF THE EARTH  Faults in the Philippines  The Philippines has Five major fault lines. 1. Marikina Valley Fault 2. Western Philippine Fault 3. Eastern Philippine Fault 4. Southern of Mindanao Fault 5. Central Philippine Fault Types of Seismic waves Compression wave Transverse Wave Seismic Wave Body Waves Primary or p-wave Compression wave Secondary or s-wave Transverse wave Surface Love wave Rayleigh wave Seismic waves Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs. The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. Body waves P Waves (compression wave) The first kind of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. fastest kind of seismic wave. can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. It pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air. Types of Seismic waves P Waves (compression wave) The first kind of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. fastest kind of seismic wave. can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. It pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air. Body waves S wave (transverse wave) The second type of body wave is the S wave or secondary wave, which is the second wave you feel in an earthquake An S wave is slower than a P wave and can only move through solid rock. This wave moves rock up and down, or side-to-side. Types of Seismic waves S wave (transverse wave) The second type of body wave is the S wave or secondary wave, which is the second wave you feel in an earthquake An S wave is slower than a P wave and can only move through solid rock. This wave moves rock up and down, or side-to-side. Surface waves Love Waves The first kind of surface wave is called a Love wave. It's the fastest surface wave and moves the ground from side-to-side. Types of Seismic waves Love Waves The first kind of surface wave is called a Love wave. It's the fastest surface wave and moves the ground from side-to-side. Surface waves Rayleigh Waves A Rayleigh wave rolls along the ground just like a wave rolls across a lake or an ocean. Because it rolls, it moves the ground up and down, and side-to-side in the same direction that the wave is moving. Most of the shaking felt from an earthquake is due to the Rayleigh wave, which can be much larger than the other waves. Types of Seismic waves Rayleigh Waves A Rayleigh wave rolls along the ground just like a wave rolls across a lake or an ocean. Because it rolls, it moves the ground up and down, and side-to-side in the same direction that the wave is moving. Most of the shaking felt from an earthquake is due to the Rayleigh wave, which can be much larger than the other waves. Types of Seismic waves Seismic waves on seismographs Seismic waves on seismographs Seismic waves on seismographs TRIANGULAR METHOD IS USED TO IDENTIFY THE LOCATION OF THE EPICENTER BY MEASURING THE DISTANCE/ INTERVAL BETWEEN THE P WAVE AND S WAVE RECEIVED FROM THREE SEISMOGRAPH LOCATIONS. Seismic waves on seismographs Layers of the earth explained How was the scientist able to identify the properties of the layers of the earth? BODY WAVES Types of Seismic waves Types of Seismic waves Types of Seismic waves Types of Seismic waves Agencies for earthquake advisory Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council REFERENCE PHILVOCS PRENTICE HALL KHAN ACADEMY SLIDESHARE FACEBOOK PAGE NDRRMC