EAPP Reviewers PDF

POINTERS TO REVIEW IN EAPP ACADEMIC TEXT An academic text is a written language that provides information, which contain ideas and concepts that are related to the particular discipline. Academic Texts comprises of the following: 1. Essay...

POINTERS TO REVIEW IN EAPP ACADEMIC TEXT An academic text is a written language that provides information, which contain ideas and concepts that are related to the particular discipline. Academic Texts comprises of the following: 1. Essay 2. Article 3. Paper 4. Thesis 5. Report 6. Dissertations 7. Project NON - ACADEMIC TEXT Non-academic texts are not written by "academic researchers" and these are intended for general readers. TEXT STRUCTURE Text structure refers to the way an author arranges information in his writing. Importance of text structure Readers can organize information and details they are learning in their minds while reading. They can make connections between the details being presented in a text. They can summarize the important details shared in a text. Five (5) Text Structures in Reading Description Structure This type of text structure features a detailed description of something to give the reader a vivid image or a mental picture. Most of the words will be read on this kind of text are adjectives and adverbs. Cause and Effect Structure In text that follow this structure, the reader is told the result of an event or occurrence and the reasons it happened. Comparison and Contrast Structure Texts that follow this structure tell about the differences and similarities of two or more objects, places, events or ideas by grouping their traits for comparison. Order/Sequence Structure  Texts that follow this structure tell the order in which steps in a process or series of events occur. A graphic organizer, such as flowchart or the flow map, may be used to sequence events or steps of the information being introduced. Problem/Solution Structure This text used to present a problem and the possible solutions to this problem. Tips in reading different texts and finding the essential details using the text structures Identify the relationship between details. Understand the key words used to show common relationships between details. Understand text structures and their purposes. Identify the text structure used in a paragraph. Prove the text structure by connecting it back to the main idea and details presented in the text. prove the text structure by identifying key words or clue words used. Identify the overall structure used by a text with multiple paragraphs. Summarize key details presented in a text using a graphic organizer specific to the text structure. READING STRATEGIES Metacognition Thinking about thinking. Good readers have developed good habits when they read. We call these habits strategies. Strategies help readers understand, connect to, and determine the importance of what they are reading. Reading Strategies Make Connections Ask Questions Determine the importance of inferring and predicting Visualize Synthesize SUMMARY It is a synopsis or digest of the essence of the entire text. Tips in Summarizing Read the text you are about to summarize over and over again. Identify the main idea of the text you are planning to summarize Put your feet into your readers’ shoes Ensure a smooth flow of ideas Limit your summary to a few sentences  Do not forget to proofread your work PARAPHRASE Express the meaning of (the writer or speaker or something written or spoken) using different words, especially to achieve greater clarity. Steps in Paraphrasing Repeatedly read the passage to the paraphrased until you have completely understood what it says. Do not look at the passage while you are writing your paraphrase. After writing your paraphrase, read the original passage and check it. Check whether your paraphrase has errors in grammar or mechanics. Always cite your sources. THESIS STATEMENT A single sentence usually found in the introductory paragraph of a paper that states the main idea and position of the writer. OUTLINING An outline is a design to follow when writing a structure, a discourse, or an article. An outline can be a sentence outline or topic outline. Guidelines in Writing an Outline Place the title at the center above the outline. Every level of the outline must have at least two items (I and II, A and B, 1 and 2) Put a period after each numeral and letter. Indent each new level of the outline. All items of one kind (roman numerals, capital letters, Arabic numerals) should line up with each other. Capitalize the first letter of each item. The terms Introduction, Body, and Conclusion do not have to be included in the outline. They are not topics; they are merely organizational units in the writer’s mind. PRECIS WRITING A precis is a brief, original summary of the important ideas given in a long selection. Guide to a Successful Precis: Understand the essential facts or dominating idea of the passage. In your opening sentence express what the passage tends to show. With as few sentences as possible enlarge on the essential shown in the opening sentence. Summarize only what the author says; do not add your own opinions. As far as possible, use your own words. Ask whether the precis is clear to one who has not seen the original. PARAGRAPH Collection of sentences that deal mostly with one topic or idea at a time. PARTS OF PARAGRAPH Topic Sentence presents the main point of the paragraph. Supporting Sentence support the main idea of the paragraph. Transitional sentences  pave the way to the next idea in the next paragraph. Concluding sentences close out the main idea by summing up the main idea. STRUCTURE OF A THREE-PART ESSAY Introduction The introduction starts off the essay with ideas that will be discussed in the body. Introduces the topic Places the topic into context Provides background information Points out the aim of the text Describes how the aim will be fulfilled Provides a thesis statement for the text Suggests what the findings are Explains why the topic could be considered interesting Catches the readers’ interest Body Presents evidence to support the thesis statement Can be broken down into parts Present research and data Analyze data Discuss data thoroughly Conclusion Restates the thesis statement Wraps up the essay Gives opportunity to evaluate the topic Should not present new material IMRaD stands for Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion, with a Conclusión aims to discuss research topics, explaining the topic and its intended purpose. IMRaD: INTRODUCTION Contains the context of the study and addresses what the study will entail Can include the background of the study rather than an introduction Should include the aim(s) of the study IMRaD: METHODS  explanation of how aims and research questions were fulfilled and answered methods used to collect data and ways to analyze the said data the research design for the entire study IMRaD: RESULTS Objectively presents results from the data collected and analyzed Presents data using charts, figures, and/or tables IMRaD: DISCUSSIONS Reminds readers of the topic of the study Analyzes and discusses presented results Contains recommendations