EALS-Lesson-1-The-Origin-of-the-Universe-and-Solar-System.pptx

Lesson 1: The Origin of the Universe and the Solar System Earth and Life Science  Lesson Objective 1. Identify different theory that explain the formation of the universe and solar system. 2. Enumerate evidence and drawback of different theory about the formation of the univ...

Lesson 1: The Origin of the Universe and the Solar System Earth and Life Science  Lesson Objective 1. Identify different theory that explain the formation of the universe and solar system. 2. Enumerate evidence and drawback of different theory about the formation of the universe and solar system.  Lesson Content Lesson 1.1 Big Bang Theory Lesson 1.2 Steady State Theory Lesosn 1.3 Oscillating Universe Theory Lesson 1.4 Nebular Theory Lesson 1.5 Encounter Theory  What are the different stories or theory that you know that explain how the universe is formed?  Creation Myth A symbolic narrative of the beginning of the world as understood by a culture. Scientific Theories Are systematic, evidence-based studies that seeks to understand the process of formation and development of the universe. THEORY Explain why a LAW Explain what phenomenon happens in a happen. phenomenon. Testable Based on explanation that repeated have not been observation and proven. experiments and is generally Theories can be accepted as true. refined as new evidence emerge.  Lesson 1.1 Big Bang Theory  Activity 1: Big Balloon LOCATION DISTANCE H TO A H TO B H TO C H TO D H TO E Initial Measurement Trial 1 Trial 2  Activity 1: Big Balloon 1. Partially inflate the balloon. 2. Using a permanent marker, draw six widely spaced dots on the balloon. Label one dot H, which indicates home and the other dots A to E. 3. As the balloon is curved, a string could be used first to measure the distance from H to each dot. Then, use a ruler or measuring tape to measure the length of the string. Record each distance on the initial measurement column in the table provided. 4. Then, inflate the balloon again to make it bigger. 5. Observe what happens to the dots. Repeat step 3 but record the distances on the Trial 1 column in the table provided. 6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 two more times. Record your measurements under the Trial 2 and 3 columns.  Activity 1: Big Balloon Guide Question: 1. As the balloon gets bigger, what happens to the distances from the H dot to the other dots? 2. What dot(s) move(s) the farthest? Is it the dot near the H or the dot farther from H? 3. If the dots correspond to groups of stars and the balloons represent the universe, how will you explain the concept of the expanding universe?  Big Bang Is the most accepted Theory theory in the scientific community about the creation of the universe. It suggests that the universe started with massive expansion about 13.8 billion years ago.  Proponents of the Big Bang Theory George Lemaitre was the first proponent of the theory. He suggested the idea of the expanding universe. Edwin Hubble who established the ​Hubble’s law ​which provided an evidence that the universe was not static but expanding.  Big Bang Theory The universe started as a ​singularity​an area with very high temperature and density which resulted to the expansion of the universe. As the universe expanded, it cooled down which prompted the particles to slow down and grouped together forming light element. Atoms grouped together forming stars and with the presence of gravity, galaxies were formed.  Proponents of the Big Bang Theory Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered the excistence of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation.  Drawback of the Big Bang Theory It failed to explain how the universe was created. It just explains how it evolve and not where it originated. It also failed to explain how the galaxies formed.  Lesson 1.2 Steady State Theory  Steady State Theory Proposes that the universe has always been expanding while simultaneously creating matter that it maintains a constant density..  Proponents of the Steady State Theory Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold, and Fred Hoyle proposed the steady state theory in 1948.  Drawback of Steady State It is is not parallel with the Theory law of conservation of energy and mass. The discovery of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation significantly supported the explanations given by the big bang theory.  Lesson 1.3 Oscillating UniverseTheory  Oscillating Universe Theory Also known as Pulsating Theory. proposes that the expansion of the universe will stop, and return to its original form then another Big Bang will occur.  Oscillating Universe Theory Big crunch occurs when the universe expands and eventually reverses, then collapses causing the formation of a singularity. Singularity result to a big bang and the birth of a new universe (big bounce).  Proponents of the Oscillating Universe Theory Richard Tolman, a Caltech professor, proposed it.  Drawback of the Oscillating Universe Theory The currently postulated end of the universe is by big freeze or heat death.  Activity 2: Venn Diagram Draw a Venn diagram. Write two unique features of the steady-state theory on the first outer circle and two unique features of the oscillating universe theory on the second outer circle. Then, write at least one similar feature in the overlapping area. The Solar System  Lesson 1.4 Nebular Theory  Nebular Theory Explains that the solar system originated from a nebula.  Major Steps in the Formation of the Solar System Cloud Formation of the Growth of Collapse Protoplanetary Planets Disk  Step 1: Cloud Collapse A shockwave from a supernova or the effect of a passing star may cause a cloud collapse. The collapsed cloud of interstellar gas and dust results to a smaller radius which means it will spin faster.  Step 2: Formation of Protoplanetary Disk As the cloud collapses, the materials in the center becomes denser.  Step 2: Formation of Protoplanetary Metals and silicates could exist near the sun because Disk these compounds have higher boiling points. As a result, terrestrial planets were eventually formed containing high concentration of these compounds.  Step 2: Formation of Protoplanetary The jovian planet were Disk formed farther from the sun because temperature is cool enough for the gases to condense, forming massive but low- density planets.  Step 3: Growth of Planet Dust and grains surrounding the sun eventually formed clumps. These clumps then accreted forming planetesimals. Planetesimal is a small celestial body that once collide together, it tend to fused to form the planets of the solar  Proponents of the Nebualr Theory Pierre-Simon Emanuel Immanuel Kant Laplace Swedenborg  Drawback of the Nebular Theory Particles surrounding Saturn repel each other It does not follow the law of angular momentum. It did not consider Uranus and Venus, which rotates in a clockwise direction while other planets rotates in a counterclockwise direction.  Lesson 1.4 Encounter Theory  Encounter Theory Proposes that the planets were formed from the materials ejected from the sun during an encounter with another celestial object.  Planetesimal Theory An intruding star nearly collided with the protosun. The massive gravitational pull of the star causes the intruding protosun to eject filaments of material which then condensed into planetesimals.  Proponents of the Planetesimal Theory Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin proposed that accretion of minute solid particles created planets and their moons rather than by gaseous or liquid material condensation. Forest Ray Moulton provided the mathematical calculations to Chamberlin’s idea.  Drawback of the Planetesimal Theory Planetesimal theory is no longer accepted today due to the fact that hot material from the sun expands and dissipates rather than contract. In addition, the force from the passing star will pull dust and gases far away from the sun, that they would not be able to form the planets in the solar system.  Tidal Theory The Tidal Theory explains that the solar system formed as a result of a near collision between a passing star and the sun. This theory proposes that the hot gas from the passing star condensed into planets instead of condensing into planetesimals.  Proponents of the Tidal Theory The tidal theory was proposed by James Jeans, an English physicist and astronomer, and Harold Jeffreys, an English mathematician and astronomer in 1918.  Drawback of the Planetesimal Theory One problem of the tidal theory is that the hot material from either star cannot contract. Thus, planets will not form.  Activity 3: Step by Step! Arrange the following events in order. Write number 1 to 5. Planetesimal theory __________ Materials ejected from the protosun condensed into planetesimals. __________ The oceans and the atmosphere were formed on Earth through volcanic activities. __________ The planets are formed by accretion. __________ The protosun ejects filaments of materials. __________ An intruding star nearly collided with a protosun.  Activity 3: Step by Step! Arrange the following events in order. Write number 1 to 5. Tidal theory __________ The cosmic bodies condensed into planets. __________ The gravitational attraction pulled the mass of dust and gas from the remaining nebula around the sun. __________ The particles clump to form cosmic bodies of different sizes. __________ The gas particles are then condensed into liquid and solid states.  Next Lesson: Lesson 2: Why Life on Earth is Possible ○ 2.1 – The Origin of Planet Earth ○ 2.2 – Water: The Medium of Life ○ 2.3 – Sun as the Main Source of Energy ○ 2.4 – Earth’s Atmosphere Thank You!