EAPP Reviewer 2nd Sem (Midterms) PDF

E. A. P. P. R E V I E W E R​ 2ND SEM (MIDTERMS) Lesson 1: Academic Text & Writing ➦Academic Text​ ￫ When presenting a position or argument that ￫ Is a reading material that provides information disagrees with one’s...

E. A. P. P. R E V I E W E R​ 2ND SEM (MIDTERMS) Lesson 1: Academic Text & Writing ➦Academic Text​ ￫ When presenting a position or argument that ￫ Is a reading material that provides information disagrees with one’s perspectives, describe the which include concepts and theories that are argument accurately without loaded or biased related to the specific discipline.​ language.​ ￫ Is the product of academic writing itself. ​ Academic text is the written form or simply texts ➦Language​ derived from academic writing. ​ ￫ It is important to use unambiguous language. ￫ It is a formal style of writing used in schools Clear topic sentences enable a reader to follow and universities that requires sophisticated use your line of thinking without difficulty. Formal of language and objectivity, and application of language and the third person point-of-view knowledge from facts, proven theories and should be used. ​ concepts.​ ​ Examples:​ ➦Technical​ ￫ Research Paper, Conference Paper, Feasibility ￫ language appropriate to the area of study may Study, Thesis/Dissertation, Reviews, Essay, also be used, however it does not mean using Academic Journals, Reports. “big words” just for the sake of doing so. ​ ​ ➦Structure​ ➦Citation​ ￫ Unlike fiction or journalistic writing, the overall ￫ It is essential to always acknowledge the structure of an academic text is formal and source of any ideas, research findings, data, or logical (Introduction, Body, Conclusion).​ quoted text that have been used in a paper as a ￫ It must be cohesive and possess a logically defense against allegations of plagiarism. organized flow of ideas; this means that various ​ parts are connected to form a unified whole.​ ➦Complexity​ ￫ An academic text addresses complex issues ➦Tone​ that require higher order thinking skills to ￫ The overall tone refers to the attitude comprehend.​ conveyed in a piece of writing. The arguments of ​ others are fairly presented and with an ➦Evidence-based arguments​ appropriate narrative tone. ​ ￫ What is valued in an academic text is that opinions are based on a sound understanding of statement with strong and valid evidence. the pertinent body of knowledge and academic Writing academic papers requires deliberate, debates that exist within, and often external to a thorough, and careful thought and that is why it specific discipline. involves research. ​ ​ ​ A. Purpose of Academic Writing​ ​ ￫ To inform, to argue a specific point, and/or to ​ persuade. ​ ​ ￫ It also addresses a specific audience: your ​ teacher (for the most part), your peers who will ​ read and evaluate your work, and the academic ​ community that may also read your work. ​ ​ ➦Thesis-driven​ B. The features and characteristics of academic ￫ The starting point of an academic text is a texts​ particular perspective, idea or position applied to ￫ Read and analyze these statements, and you the chosen research problem, such as will find them to be of great help with your own establishing, proving, or disproving solutions to development. the questions posed for the topic. 1. Academic writing is governed by standard ​ conventions of writing. You have to abide by the ➦Academic Writing​ set of rules and practices in writing.​ ￫ Is neither writing to express your emotions nor writing to impress your readers. ​ 2. Language shows a sophisticated level of ￫ It is a process that starts with posing a formality that is appropriate and formal but not question, problematizing a concept, evaluating too pretentious in writing.​ an opinion, and ends in answering the question or questions posed, clarifying the problem, 3. Writing academic papers requires deliberate, and/or arguing for a stand.​ thorough, and careful thought and that is why ￫ It requires critical thinking; you cannot just it involves research.​ write anything that comes to your mind.​ ￫ You have to abide by the set of rules and 4. Arguments and statements should be valid practices in writing. You have to write in a and based on credible sources.​ language that is appropriate and formal but not pretentious. You also have to consider the 5. Academic writing is purpose-driven: to knowledge and background of your audience. inform, to argue a specific point or to You have to make sure that you can back up your persuade. ​ ➤ Writing Standards of Writing Academic Texts 1. Use formal language, avoid slang, colloquial, 6. Academic writing tailors’ specific audience and abbreviations. like teachers (for the most part, students, and 2. Avoid using phrasal verbs, (rid out, carry on), the entire academic community and experts. contractions like gonna, (going to), can’t (cannot), etc. ➤ Kinds of Academic Text​ 3. Avoid idiomatic expressions 1. Book Reports​ 4. Use the third-person point of view, avoid the ￫ Summarize a book read following a specific first-person point of view. format.​ 5. Be clear and concise and avoid repetitions ​ 6. Use correct grammar and punctuation marks ​ 7. Utilize proper transition devices 2. Book Review​ ￫ Critical analysis of a book or novel read.​ Lesson 2: Thesis Statement​ ​ ➦Thesis Statement​ 3. Essay​ ￫ Is a single sentence usually found in the ￫ Topic based on academic writing from the introductory paragraph of a paper that states the writer’s personal point of view​ main idea and position of the writer.​ ​ ​ 4. Research Project​ A. Characteristics of a Thesis Statement​ ￫ Describes the ideas of an investigation for a ￫ It shows where you stand regarding the certain topic.​ subject matter you are discussing. ​ ​ ￫ It tells the reader what they can expect from 5. Academic Journal / Journal Writing​ the rest of your paper.​ ￫ It present in-depth research, reviews, or ￫ It directly answers a question posed to you. ​ theoretical discussions tailored for experts in ￫ It makes a claim that can be disputed.​ specific fields.​ ￫ It is a single sentence near the start of your ​ paper that presents your argument to the 6. Dissertation and Thesis​ readers.​ ￫ Research or study written to obtain a degree in ​ college or university.​ B. How to write a Thesis Statement​ 1. Research the Topic 7. Abstract​ ​ Gather relevant information, evidence, ￫ This is a short summary of a long document. and details from credible sources.  ​ Ensure your research covers various Example 1 perspectives on the topic. For the topic "Should the SOGIE Bill be passed in the Philippines?", ​ 2. Organize the Information ​ ​ Arrange the collected data based on the A thesis statement must clearly take a stand. A key points or themes. basic example is: "I believe the SOGIE Bill ​ Identify relationships between different should be passed." To strengthen it, include a pieces of information. key reason, such as: "I believe the SOGIE Bill should be passed because it ensures equal 3. Analyze the Relationships access to basic human rights for all individuals, regardless of sexual orientation or gender ​ Examine the significance of the identity." connections between the points. ​ ​ Look for patterns or insights that could Example 2 ​ support your main argument. If the assignment is to "report on the state of 4. Create a Working Thesis traffic in Quezon City," no thesis is needed, as it involves presenting facts. ​ Formulate a basic main idea based on your initial findings. However, if the task is to "analyze the traffic and ​ Ensure it reflects a point you can propose a solution," a thesis is required. For support with evidence. example, you might research traffic patterns, causes, and effects before suggesting a solution, 5. Refine the Thesis and Arguments such as reducing single-occupancy vehicles to ease congestion. Your thesis could then state: ​ Be open to adjusting your thesis as you "Implementing carpooling policies can gather more evidence and refine your significantly reduce traffic in Quezon City by ideas. minimizing the number of vehicles on the road ​ Prioritize finding substantial support for during peak hours."​ a clear and focused thesis. ​ 6. Finalize the Thesis C. Writing a strong Thesis Statement​ Checklist for Evaluating Your Thesis Statement​ ​ Once you’ve gathered enough evidence, 1. Does it answer the question?​ revise the working thesis into a ￫ Revisit the prompt to ensure your thesis concrete, well-supported statement. directly responds to it. ​ Ensure it clearly communicates your main argument. ​ ​ 2. Is it arguable?​ without the language becoming too general. You ￫ Your thesis should take a position that others must also be ready to make decisions about can debate, not just state a fact. which parts to include and which parts to exclude in your summary. ​ 3. Is it specific?​ A summary aims to:​ ￫ Avoid vague terms like good or successful. 1. Highlight the key ideas and main concepts of Clearly define your argument. a text.​ 4. Does it pass the "So what?" test?​ 2. Present these ideas clearly and concisely. ￫ Ensure your thesis connects to a relevant issue ➤ Techniques in summarizing ​ or deeper significance. A. Previewing​ 5. Does the essay support it?​ ￫ When reading academic texts, set clear goals ￫ If the body doesn't align with your thesis, to stay focused and identify important revise one to match the other. information for research or study. As a student, your reading purpose often aligns with your 6. Does it pass the "How and Why?" test?​ course or assignments. Use the previewing ￫ Include a clarifying statement to address how technique before diving into a text to better or why your argument is valid. understand its relevance and content.​ ￫ Not all steps may apply to every text, and you ⇢ The thesis statement should clearly state the might find additional questions to ask. Here's a author’s stand. The introductory paragraph concise guide for previewing: should then introduce the basic premise or argument that supports or leads to the thesis 1.​ Read the title: It often hints at the statement. Strengthen the thesis statement with central concepts. research then use some quick but relevant facts 2.​ Reflect on the topic: Consider prior or evidence to add to the introductory knowledge, experiences, or opinions paragraph.​ about it. ​ 3.​ Check the author: Look for details Lesson 3: Writing a Summary​ about their background or significance. ➦Summarizing​ 4.​ Review the publication: Note where ￫ It Is distilling its essential concepts in a and how it was published, its audience, paragraph or two. This is an excellent practice to and relevance to the field. follow when you are conducting research or 5.​ Consider the time period: Assess its studying.​ historical or current relevance and ￫ It is not enough to rely on the author’s words, related events. as you must still deliver the author’s points 6.​ Scan headings or chapters: Identify the progression of ideas.  7.​ Understand the purpose: Relate the tensions, with the U.S. violating the Paris text to your course and focus on key Convention and prompting WIPO to request a takeaways. review of its patent principles. B. Scanning ​ Explanation:​ ￫ Is like skimming but more focused. It involves The summary includes the author, title, thesis, quickly searching for specific facts, figures, or and key details while excluding examples and subjects relevant to your research while ignoring opinions, providing a concise overview of the other details.​ original text. ￫ An effective summary condenses a passage by focusing on essential facts, unlike paraphrasing, which rephrases the text. Summarizing highlights main points for easier reference, aiding both research and writing by simplifying access to key information. Here's a guide on what to include in a summary, adaptable to your needs.​ 1. Start with the title and author.​ 2. Include the author’s thesis in the opening sentences for clarity.​ 3. preserve subsections and group similar ideas for easy reference.​ 4. Omit specific examples unless they are crucial to the argument.​ 5. Exclude personal opinions; focus solely on the author’s ideas.​ 6. Avoid plagiarism by drafting from your own understanding without copying the text.​ ​ Example 1:​ In “Global Implications of Patent Law Variation,” Koji Suzuki (1991) highlights inconsistencies in global patent laws, emphasizing that U.S. laws differ by granting ownership to inventors rather than the first filer, unlike most countries. This creates economic issues and international