Due Date PDF - Grammar Exercise

## MODULE 2A: THE SENTENCE THE SENTENCE A sentence is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and that expresses a complete thought. If a group of words does not express a complete thought, it is a fragment, or an incomplete part of a sentence. | Fragment | Sentence | |---|---| | the...

## MODULE 2A: THE SENTENCE THE SENTENCE A sentence is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and that expresses a complete thought. If a group of words does not express a complete thought, it is a fragment, or an incomplete part of a sentence. | Fragment | Sentence | |---|---| | the man in the blue coat | The man in the blue coat is my uncle. | | standing in line | We were standing in line. | | before you go to the meeting | Do you want some lunch before you go to the meeting? | Notice that a sentence always begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, a question mark, or an exclamation point. ### EXERCISE 1: Identifying Complete Sentences and Sentence Fragments On the line before each word group, write **S** if it is a sentence or **F** if it is a fragment. Add correct capitalization and end punctuation to the sentences. 1. F waiting for your phone call 2. S help me carry this huge package. 3. F after the basketball game was over 4. F three of my favorite animals 5. S did you finish your science project? 6. S it doesn't bother me 7. F someday if we are fortunate 8. F the fastest runner on the whole team 9. S there is very little money in the treasury. 10. F hoping to win a scholarship to college ### EXERCISE 2: Revising Fragments to Create Complete Sentences Revise each word group below so that it is a complete sentence. Add modifiers and any other words needed to make the meaning of each sentence clear. **EX.** in the center of the room **In the center of the room stood a large statue.** 1. standing in the lobby **I have been standing in the lobby.** 2. nevertheless, I **Nevertheless, I still want a computer.** 3. after the concert **After the concert we went for frozen yogurt.** 4. out in the driveway **My car is out in the driveway.** 5. the men were **The men were discussing.** 6. climbing to the top of the mountain **There are many people climbing to the top of the mountain.** 7. it often **I wouldn't think about it often.** 8. this exciting movie **This exciting movie is coming out soon.** 9. late last night while walking home **I got lost late last night while walking home.** 10. four students on the bus **When I got on there were only four students on the bus.** 11. boardsailing in the California surf **I was boardsailing in the California surf.** 12. in ink on a postcard **I wrote in ink on a postcard.** 13. want to try the shrimp **I want to try the shrimp.** 14. now Heidi **Do it right now Heidi.** 15. feeds her chickens **Sally feeds her chickens.** ## MODULE 2B: THE SENTENCE - RUN-ON SENTENCES A run-on sentence is two or more complete sentences run together as one. There are two kinds of run-ons. In a fused sentence, the sentences have no punctuation at all between them. **RUN-ON** Jeremiah moved here from Israel he is my best friend. **CORRECT** Jeremiah moved here from Israel. He is my best friend. The second kind of run-on is called a comma splice. Two sentences are linked together with only a comma to separate them. **RUN-ON** Jeremiah joined the school orchestra, he plays the violin. **CORRECT** Jeremiah joined the school orchestra. He plays the violin. To revise run-on sentences, you can always make two separate sentences. But if the two thoughts are related and are equal to one another in importance, you may want to make a compound sentence as shown below. **RUN-ONS** The Delaware River is in eastern Pennsylvania the Ohio River is in western Pennsylvania. [fused] The Delaware River is in eastern Pennsylvania, the Ohio River is in western Pennsylvania. [comma splice] You can revise a run-on sentence by using one of the following techniques. 1. Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction (such as and, but, or, nor, so, or yet). **CORRECTED** The Delaware River is in eastern Pennsylvania, and the Ohio River is in western Pennsylvania. 2. Use a semicolon. **CORRECTED** The Delaware River is in eastern Pennsylvania; the Ohio River is in western Pennsylvania. 3. Use a semicolon and a word such as therefore, instead, meanwhile, still, also, nevertheless, or, however. These words are called conjunctive adverbs. Follow a conjunctive adverb with a comma. **CORRECTED** The Delaware River is in eastern Pennsylvania; however, the Ohio River is in western Pennsylvania. ### EXERCISE 3: Revising Run-on Sentences Follow the directions in parentheses to revise each run-on sentence below. Be sure to use correct end punctuation. 1. My friend Reiko designed the cover for our yearbook the design won an award presented by the Houston Arts League. (Use a semicolon.) **My friend Reiko designed the cover for our yearbook; the design won an award presented by the Houston Arts League.** 2. Delaware is one of the smallest states, Rhode Island is even smaller. (Use a semicolon and a conjunctive adverb.) **Delaware is one of the smallest states; however, Rhode Island is even smaller.** 3. The sound of the motorcycle woke me up, I still didn't get out of bed. (Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction.) **The sound of the motorcycle woke me up, but I still didn't get out of bed.** 4. Did you attend the concert my mom wouldn't let me go on a school night. (Split into two sentences.) **Did you attend the concert? My mom wouldn't let me go on a school night.** 5. I have always loved animals someday I'd like to be a veterinarian. (Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction.) **I have always loved animals, so someday I'd like to be a veterinarian.** ## MODULE 2C: THE SENTENCE - SUBJECT AND PREDICATE A sentence consists of two parts: the subject and the predicate. The subject is the part that names the person or thing the sentence is about. The predicate is the part that says something about the subject. The subject may be one word or a group of words. The complete subject contains all the words that identify the person or thing described in the rest of the sentence. The complete subject may appear at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence. **BEGINNING:** The woman in the red car just got a speeding ticket. **MIDDLE:** Did Phoebe's brother win the poetry contest? **END:** Into the water dove a brown pelican. Like the subject, the predicate may be one word or a group of words. The complete predicate contains all the words that say something about the subject. Like the complete subject, the complete predicate can appear in many different places in a sentence. **BEGINNING:** The woman in the red car just got a speeding ticket. **MIDDLE:** Did Phoebe's brother win the poetry contest? **END:** Into the water dove a brown pelican. ### EXERCISE 4: Identifying the Complete Subject Underline the complete subject in each sentence. 1. The desert is a great place to take photos. 2. In outdoor magazines, readers can often find photos of magnificent deserts. 3. Have you ever seen photos of desert landscapes? 4. In the desert, strong winds can carve deep ridges in the rocks. 5. Similarly, those fierce winds blast clouds of flying sand against the rocks. 6. Sand and dust in the wind leave behind a hard surface of bare rocks. 7. The sand is eventually deposited elsewhere in the desert, often as sand dunes. 8. Standing in dramatic rows in some desert landscapes are huge sand dunes. 9. The dunes are constantly shifting and changing shape because of strong winds. 10. The powdery dunes may be compressed into hard layers of sandstone after many thousands of years. ### EXERCISE 5: Writing Complete Predicates Write ten complete sentences by adding a complete predicate to each subject below. Be sure to use correct capitalization and end punctuation in your sentences. **EX.** the clerk in that store **The clerk in that store is extremely helpful.** 1. one of the buildings on our street **One of the buildings on our street are haunted.** 2. my favourite poem **I was reading my favourite poem.** 3. a popular tourist attraction in our area **Downtown Reno is a popular tourist attraction in our area.** 4. dinosaurs **Dinosaurs were wiped out by a meteor.** 5. several people **Several people have heard about the Christmas party.** 6. the most interesting books **I picked the most interesting books in the book fair.** 7. political leaders **The political leaders were competitive.** 8. a good way to get exercise **Going to a gym is a good way to exercise.** 9. the escalator at the north end of the mall **Enter from the escalator at the north end of the mall.** 10. the artist **The artist of the painting was nice.**