Chemical and Biological Hazards PDF

DRM2432 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CHEMICAL HAZARD Prepared by WZWS & ZS  Toxic LIQUID SOLID reactive Flammable GAS Types of...

DRM2432 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CHEMICAL HAZARD Prepared by WZWS & ZS  Toxic LIQUID SOLID reactive Flammable GAS Types of chemical hazard combustible explosive corrosive ✓ the characteristics/nature of the chemicals that need to be stored ✓ the risks involved. ✓ For prevention, we need to ensure safety in its manufacture, transportation, storage, handling and use; Information on hazardous chemicals are usually available Carcinogens in Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or 160-200 labels Hazardous substances 3,500-8,000 A Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is a document that contains Marketed chemicals 70,000-80,000 information on the potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and environmental) and how to work safely with the chemical 5-7 million (known) product.  SIGNIFICANT DISASTERS Flixborough, England, 1974 -Rupture because of inadequately Seveso, Italy, 1976 supported bypass pipe -Vapor cloud of 30 tonnes cyclohexane -Reactor ran out of control -Explosion & fire inventories (10 days) -Vapour cloud 2 kg dioxin 28 killed & 89 injured. -700 affected, 730 evacuated Bhopal, India, 1984 Bright Sparklers Fireworks -Scrubber & flare systems not fire, Sungai Buluh, Selangor operating -The factory was caught in fire -Vapor cloud 25 tonnes toxic and lead to explosion carbide wastes (7 May 1991) (22 killed, 103 -2000 killed & 20,000 injured injured)  Classification of Chemicals Gases Volatile & no definite shape or volume of its own; The hazards of gases can be due the method used for confinement of the gas: a) Compressed gases – hazardous because of the stored energy b) Liquified gases – hazardous because of extreme low temperatures of the substance The gas may have toxic, flammable, corrosive or oxidising properties Flammable liquids Liquids that can become flammable at ambient temps are potential sources of fire; Other hazards may include toxicity and corrosives Explosive substances In the forms of solid, liquid or mixture which is capable of chemical reaction Contain both fuel & oxidant; can function independently with nature or surrounding Eg. : dynamite & carbide Corrosive substances Will attack skin & materials such as wood or metals Eg. : sulphuric acid, caustic soda, etc Oxidising agent Supply oxygen - readily support & maintain combustion - increases the rate at which the fire will develop Eg. : Sodium chlorate  Flammable solids Readily ignitable solids that cause fast fire propagation once ignited Eg. : magnesium, plastics, etc Toxic substances Very hazardous to health when inhaled, swallowed or in contact with the skin and may lead to death Eg. : Aniline, arsenic, benzene, beryllium, cyanide etc… Daily use of terms: Toxic → can cause immediate death; Hazardous → can cause about 50% towards death (longer- term)  IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICALS United Nations’ classification Since chemical products are traded and transported world wide, the United Nations Committee of Experts on Dangerous Goods came out with a recommendation for the Transport of Dangerous Goods in 1956; Most classified chemicals can be identified from labeling  There are 9 classes of dangerous goods; 1) Explosives – classes 1.1 ~ 1.6 Eg. : class 1.1 : TNT, class 1.2 : Bombs 2) Gases - classes 2.1 ~ 2.3 Eg. : class 2.1 : acetylene, L.P.G etc… 3) Flammable liquids - classes 3.1 ~ 3.4 Eg. : class 3.1 : paint, petrol etc… 4) Flammable solids - classes 4.1 ~ 4.3 Eg. : class 4.1 : phosphorous etc… 5) Oxidising agents & organic peroxides – class 5.1 & 5.2 Eg. : class 5.1 :ammonium nitrate etc… 6) Poisonous & Infectious subs.- classes 6.1(a)~ 6.2 Eg. : class 6.1(a) : cyanide, lead compounds etc… 7) Radioactive substances Eg. : Uranium and radioisotopes 8) Corrosives Eg. : Hydrochloric acid, caustic solutions etc… 9) Misc. dangerous substances Aerosols, polyester beads etc… UN numbering UN committee also came out with a numbering system for each hazardous chemical; More specific to identify similar chemicals with different name; Only applied to hazardous chemicals Eg. : - sodium hydroxide = caustic soda →1823 - acetone → 1090 - sulphuric acid → 1830 - acetylene → 1001 etc… HAZCHEM scale Developed by Health & Safety Executive of United Kingdom to address to the emergency and fire brigade personnel; It gives them a ready method of controlling a spillage or fire arising from hazardous chemicals; MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS) For all hazardous chemicals Must be readily available during normal work hours Must be immediately accessible during emergencies Must be provided during initial shipment Failure to provide the MSDS DOSH will investigate when suppliers or manufacturers refuse to provide MSDSs Remote work sites MSDS may be kept at central location Must be readily available Must be immediately accessible Kept in any form Hard copy (on paper) Soft copy (in computer)  MATE R IAL SAF ETY DATA S H E ET PROPANE ================================================================================ SECTION I - Product Identification ================================================================================ PRODUCT NAME: PROPANE FORMULA: N/A FORMULA WT: N/A COMMON SYNONYMS: N/A ================================================================================ SECTION II - Hazardous Components ================================================================================ PROPANE ================================================================================ SECTION III - Physical Data ================================================================================ BOILING POINT: -44F VAPOR PRESSURE(MM HG): N/A MELTING POINT: N/A VAPOR DENSITY(AIR=1): 1.55 SPECIFIC GRAVITY: N/A EVAPORATION RATE: NA (H20=1) (BUTYL ACETATE=1) SOLUBILITY(H20): N/A % VOLATILES BY VOLUME: 100 APPEARANCE & ODOR: COLORLESS-ROTTEN EGG ODOR. ================================================================================= SECTION IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data ================================================================================= FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION: UNK FLASH POINT: -156F FLAMMABLE LIMITS: UPPER - 9.5 % LOWER - 2.1 % FIRE EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: STOP FLOW OF GAS OR OXYGEN SPECIAL FIRE-FIGHTING PROCEDURES: USE WATER TO COOL TANK UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: AUTO IGNIT TEMP 874F;HEAVIER THAN AIR (VAPOR DENSITY 1.5) MAY TRAVEL A CONSIDERABLE DISTANCE TO AN IGNITION SOURCE AND FLASHBACK ================================================================================ SECTION V - Health Hazard Data ================================================================================ EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE: POSS FREEZ BURN;MOD CONCENTRATION W/AIR CAUSES UNCON MEDICAL CONDITIONS PRONE TO AGGRAVATION BY EXPOSURE: UNK PRIMARY ROUTE(S) OF ENTRY: INHALE EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES: INHALE/FRESH AIR ================================================================================ =============================================================================== SECTION VI - Reactivity Data =============================================================================== STABILITY: STABLE HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: WILL NOT OCCUR CONDITIONS TO AVOID: NA INCOMPATIBLES: NONE DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: NONE =============================================================================== SECTION VII - Spill and Disposal Procedures =============================================================================== DISPOSAL PROCEDURE: VENT TO ATMOSPHERE IN FLAME FREE, SPARK FREE AREA OUTDOORS OTHER PRECAUTIONS: NONE =============================================================================== SECTION VIII - Protective Equipment =============================================================================== VENTILATION: NA RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: NONE W/NORMAL USE EYE PROTECTION: NONE SKIN PROTECTION: NONE OTHER EQUIPMENT: NONE HYGIENIC PRACTICES: NONE =============================================================================== SECTION IX - Storage and Handling Precautions =============================================================================== SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS: TEMPS