Drills and Ceremonies PDF - Silliman University

Drills and Ceremonies  Objectives: 1. The aim of drill and ceremony is to contribute to the operational effectiveness of the unit by: 2. ensuring uniformity in marching and maneuvering; and 3. promoting discipline, alertness, precision, pride, steadiness and the cohesion 4. drill is the basis o...

Drills and Ceremonies  Objectives: 1. The aim of drill and ceremony is to contribute to the operational effectiveness of the unit by: 2. ensuring uniformity in marching and maneuvering; and 3. promoting discipline, alertness, precision, pride, steadiness and the cohesion 4. drill is the basis of all teamwork. ORIGINS 1. At one time drill provided an efficient way for units to move on the battlefield. Battle drills have existed since ancient times. The Romans are reputed to have used cadence marching for tactical formations. Although infantry supremacy and precise drills were eclipsed after the fall of the Roman Empire, and during the feudal era mounted knights ruled combat, infantry drills were resurrected in the 14th Century and slowly developed and improved thereafter. Separate drill procedures for cavalry, artillery, infantry and others (except for equipment drill) were replaced by all arms drill early in the 20th Century as the changed conditions of war gradually divorced tactics from barrack routine. 2. Drill is still used routinely to move troops in an orderly and efficient manner. It also forms the basis of the precise maneuvers used in military displays and ceremonies. LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. The hallmarks of good drill are efficiency, precision and dignity. These qualities are developed through self-discipline and practice. They lead to unit pride and cohesion. 2. Cadet units which display constant competence in drill are recognized universally as highly trained, well-disciplined and professional. Drill that is well taught and executed develops individual pride, mental alertness, precision and esprit-de-corps which will assist the individual cadet to carry out orders instinctively at all times. 3. Good drill, well-rehearsed, closely supervised and precise, is an exercise in obedience and alertness. It sets the standard for the execution of any duty, both for the individual and the unit, and builds a sense of confidence between commander and subordinate that is essential to high morale. 4. The personal qualities developed on the parade ground must be maintained in all aspects of cadet life. Commanders must insist on the same high standards both on and off parade. The systematic correction of minor errors strengthens these characteristics and improves both individual and unit standards. MILITARY DRILLS AND CEREMONIES “The spirit of discipline, as distinct from its outward and visible guises, is the result of association with martial traditions and their living embodiment.” -B. H. Liddell Hart,Thoughts onWar, 1944 DRILL TERMS: To help understand the meaning of drill terms, the following definitions are included:  ALIGNMENT- A straight line upon which several elements or teams are formed; or the dressing of several elements upon a straight line. A unit is aligned when it is dressed.  BASE- the elements on which a movement is regulated. For instance, in executing right front into the line leading squad is the base. DRILL TERMS… continuation  CADENCE- the uniform rhythm by which a movement is executed or the number of steps or counts per minute of which a movement is executed. Drill movements are normally executed at the cadence of quick time or double time. CENTER- the middle point or element of a command. In a platoon of three squads in line, the second squad from the right is the center. With four squads in the platoon, the second squad fro the right is the center squad, the rule being that when there are even number of squads (platoons) the right-center squad (platoon) is the center squad (platoon). DRILL TERMS… continuation  LINE- a formation in which the different elements are abreast. The expression “abreast of each other” means on the same line. The other vital part of this definition centers on the word “element”. A section may be an element, therefore if the leading elements of several sections are on the same line, it becomes a line formation. COLUMN- a formation in which the elements are placed one behind another. Example: a column of files (single men placed one behind another): column or squads (squads one behind another): and column of platoons (one behind another). DRILL TERMS… continuation  DEPTH- the space from front to rear of any formation or of a position, including the front rear elements. The depth of a man is assumed to be 12 inches. DISTANCE- the space between elements when the elements are one behind the other. Between units, it varies with the size of the formation; between individuals, it is an arm’s length to the front plus six inches or about 40 inches, measured from the chest of one man to the back of the man immediately to the front. DOUBLE TIME- a cadence at a rate of 180 steps per minute. DRILL TERMS… continuation  ECHELON- one of the series of elements formed one behind another. Also a modification of the line formation in which adjacent elements are disposed one in rear of the other.  ELEMENT- an individual, squad, platoon, company, or larger body, forming part of a larger body  FILE- two men, the front-rank man and the corresponding man of the rear rank. The front-rank man is the file leader. A file which has no rear-rank man is a “blank file”. The term file applies also to a single man in a single rank formation. It is also a single column of men one behind the other. DRILL TERMS… continuation  FLANK- the right or left extremity of a unit, either in line or column. The element o the extreme right or left of the line. A direction at a right angle to the direction, on an element or a formation is facing.  FORMATION- arrangement of the elements of a unit in line, in column or any other prescribed manner. FRONT- the direction in which a command faces. FRONTAGE- the space occupied by an element measured from one flank to the opposite flank. The frontage of a man is assumed to be 22inches measured from the right to the left elbow and therefore does not include the 12 inches between all men in line. The element thereof regulates its march. This is often the case in battle or on practice marches. In a squad drill, a private (Number 1 front rank) is often the guide. DRILL TERMS… continuation  HEAD- the leading element of a column. To understand this definition one must remember that an element is a file, squad, platoon, company or larger body forming part of a still another larger body.  INTERVAL- the lateral space between elements on the same line. An interval is measured between individuals from shoulder to shoulder, and between formations, this is done from flank to flank. Unit commanders and those with them are not considered in measuring interval between elements of the unit with which it is posted. Normal interval between individuals is one arm’s length. Close interval is the horizontal distance between shoulder and elbow when the left hand is placed on the left hip. DRILL TERMS… continuation  STEP- the distance measured from heel between the feet of a man walking. A step may be any prescribed number of inches. The half step and back step are 15 inches. The right step and left step are 12 inches. The steps in quick and double time are 30 and 36 inches, respectively. DRILL TERMS… continuation  LEFT- the left extremity or element of a body of troops. LOOSE PLACES- rifles and automatic rifles not used in making stacks. OBLIQUE- an angle between 0-45 degrees. Right/Left Oblique, March is 45 degrees. ORDER CLOSE- the formation in which the units in double rank, are separated by intervals greater than that in close order. PACE- thirty (30) inches, the length of the full step in quick time. The pace at double is 36 inches. PIECE- the term piece is used in this text meant the rifle or automatic rifle. QUICK TIME- cadence at a rate of 120 steps per minute. RIGHT- the extremely or element of a body of troops. SLOW TIME- cadence at 60 steps per minute. DRILL TERMS… continuation  TO REVOKE A COMMAND – to cancel a command that has not been carried out, or to a start a movement improperly begun from a halt, the command, MANUMBALIK, is given. On this command, the movement stops and the men resume their former position.  Drill A DRILL command is an order of a commander or leader. One must lead in order to have order in the ranks so as in the fulfillment of mission one must lead. The precision of a movement is affected by the manner in which the command is given. The following rules for giving commands apply to the commander when the unit drills as a separate unit and not as a part of a larger formation.  When at halt, the commander faces the troops when giving commands. One commands that simultaneously with the unit to maintain correct position within the formation.  When marching, the commander turns his head towards the direction of the troops to give commands.  Exceptions to these rules occur during ceremonies. THE COMMAND VOICE  A correctly delivered command will be understood by everyone in the unit. Correct commands have a tone, cadence, and snap that demand willing correct and immediate response. VOICE CONTROL The loudness of a command is adjusted to the number of soldiers in the unit. Normally, the commander is to the front and center of the unit and speaks facing the unit so that his voice reaches everyone.  The voice must have carrying power, but excessive exertion is unnecessary and harmful.  The best posture for giving commands is the position of Attention. Soldiers in formation notice the posture of their leader. If his posture is unmilitary (relaxed, slouched, stiff, or uneasy), the subordinate will imitate it.  The most important muscle used in breathing in the diaphragm- the large muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. The diaphragm automatically controls normal breathing and is used to control the breath in giving commands.  The throat, mouth, and nose act as amplifiers and help to give fullness (resonance) and projection to the voice. DISTINCTIVENESS  Distinctiveness depends on the correct use of the tongue, lips, teeth, which form the separate sounds of a word and group the sounds in to syllables. Distinct commands are effective; indistinct commands cause confusion. All commands can be pronounced correctly without loss of effect. Emphasize correct enunciation (distinctiveness). To enunciate clearly, make full use of the lips, tongue, and lower jaw. Inflection in the rise and fall in pitch and the tone changes of the voice.  The preparatory command is the command that indicates movement. Pronounce each preparatory command with a rising inflection. The most desirable pitch, when beginning a preparatory command, is near the level of the natural speaking voice.  The command of execution is the command that indicates when a movement is to be executed. Give it in a sharper tone and in a slightly pitch that the last syllable of the preparatory command. It must be given with plenty of snap.  In combined commands, such as FALL IN(Humanay!) and FALL OUT(Lumansag!), the preparatory command and command of execution are combined. Give command without inflection and with the uniform high pitch and loudness of a normal command of execution.  POSITION OF ATTENTION (FALL IN!/ HUMANAY!)  In coming to attention, bring your heels together smartly on the same line. Hold then as near each other as the conformation of your body permits. Turn your feet out equally, forming an angle of 45 degrees. Keep your knees straight without stiffness.  Hold your hips level, your body erect, your chest lifted an arched, your shoulders square and even. Let your arms hang straight down without stiffness, thumbs along the seams of your trousers. Hold the back of your hands out, with the fingers naturally so that the thumbs rest along the tip of the forefingers.  Keep your head erect and squarely to the front, your chin drawn in so that the axis of your head and neck is vertical. Look straight to the front (about 30 yards ahead). Rest the weight of your body equally on the heels and the balls of your feet. Remain silent and do not move unless otherwise directed.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zz-En70UMj8 HAND SALUTE!/ PUGAY KAMAY NA!  The commands are: 1. Hand, (preparatory command) 2. Salute! (command of execution). At the command salute, raise the right hand smartly until the tip of the forefinger touches the lower part of the headdress of forehead above and slightly to the right eye, thumb and fingers extended and joined, palm to the left, upper arm horizontal, forearm inclined at 45⁰angle, hand and wrist straight; at the same time turn the head and eyes towards the person saluted. (Two) Drop the arm to its normal position by the side in one motion, at the same time turning the head and eyes to the front.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VOQu1RUqOsw&list=PL3RTeUv9V10 mNpbGc88G7vhPvXhqQ6A7B&index=1  REST POSITION AT THE HALT Parade Rest- at the command PAHINGA, or TIKAS, PAHINGA, move your left foot smartly 12 inches to the left of the right foot. Keep your legs straight so that the weight of your body rest on both feet. At the same time, your arms hanging naturally, clasp your hands behind your back, just below the belt line, palms flattened to the rear, thumb and fingers of your left hand clasping the right hand without stiffness. Remain silent and do not move. This command is executed from the position of attention only.  Stand at Ease- the command for this movement is TINDIG PALUWAG. On the command of execution PALUWAG, execute parade rest, but turn the head and eyes directly toward the person in charge of the formation. At ease or rest may be executed from this position.  At Ease- The command for this movement is PALUWAG. On the command PALUWAG, the soldier may move; however, he must remain standing and silent with his right foot in place. PAHINGA may be executed from this position.  Rest- The command for this movement is PAHINGA. On the command PAHINGA, the soldier may move or talk, unless otherwise directed. He must remain silent with his right foot in place. At ease may be executed from this position.  Fall Out  At the command TIWALAG, you can leave the ranks but you are required to remain in the immediate area. You resume your former place and attention in ranks at the command HUMANAY.  Being at any of the rest except TIWALAG, to resume the position of attention, the commands are- TILAP, HUMANDA. At the command TILAP take the position of parade rest: at the command HUMANDA, take the position of attention.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFczGSL7Br4 FACING TO THE RIGHT/LEFT FLANK(RIGHT/LEFT FACE!/HARAP SA KANAN/KALIWA, RAP!)  From attention, at the command Face/Rap slightly raise the left/right heel and right/left toe; face to the right/left, turning on the right/left heel, assisted by a slight pressure on the ball of the left/right foot. Hold the left/right leg straight without stiffness. (TWO) Place left/right foot beside the right/left forming 45⁰ angle.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9KgLuLcewV4&list=PL3RTeUv9V10m NpbGc88G7vhPvXhqQ6A7B&index=4  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqDBaKUppzM&list=PL3RTeUv9V10m NpbGc88G7vhPvXhqQ6A7B&index=5 FACING TO THE REAR(Harap sa likod, Rap!)  At the command Face/Rap, carry the toe of the right foot a half-foot length to the rear and slightly to the left of the left heel without changing the position of the left foot; weight of the body mainly on the heel of the left foot; right leg straight without stiffness. (TWO) Face to the rear, turning to the right on the heel and on the ball of the right foot; place the right heel beside the left.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rx4LUMasBNU&list =PL3RTeUv9V10mNpbGc88G7vhPvXhqQ6A7B&index=6 Form, Align, and Dismiss the Squad  Fall In, Dress Right Dress or Close Interval Dress Right Dress, Dismiss  (Humanay!, Tuntun Kanan, Na! or Masinsin Pagitan Tuntun Kanan Na!, Tiwalag!)  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvdYNx3ZFFA&list= PL1e1-ep_akxWgv7nzc5gAC2Hn0CoEqVAf&index=7  Align a Platoon Column Formation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTuLfbfZGZY&list= PL1e1-ep_akxWgv7nzc5gAC2Hn0CoEqVAf&index=6  Align a Platoon in Line Formation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJ8tFPydhBA&list=P L1e1-ep_akxWgv7nzc5gAC2Hn0CoEqVAf&index=10  Column Left Squad https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=503bvG- wul4&list=PL1e1- ep_akxWgv7nzc5gAC2Hn0CoEqVAf&index=22  Column Right Squad https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8eygu9PW5c&list= PL1e1-ep_akxWgv7nzc5gAC2Hn0CoEqVAf&index=24  Marching in Place- Forward- Halt https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J92pwpp5G8s&list=P L3RTeUv9V10mNpbGc88G7vhPvXhqQ6A7B&index=7  Marching to the Rear (Pabalik, Kad!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBwfHumwGAU&list =PL1e1-ep_akxWgv7nzc5gAC2Hn0CoEqVAf&index=18  30 Inch Step from the Halt and the Halt https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSOCbuDRgtQ&list= PL3RTeUv9V10mNpbGc88G7vhPvXhqQ6A7B&index=8  Right Flank (Kanang Panig, Na!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mBKRA- Hf6k&list=PL1e1- ep_akxWgv7nzc5gAC2Hn0CoEqVAf&index=23  Left Flank (Kaliwang Panig, Na! ) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQgWaT8j-c8  Column Left Platoon (Liko sa Kaliwa, Kad!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9hsQZZpTCY  Column Right Platoon (Liko sa Kanan, Kad!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouFX1d2SByI  Inspection Arms (Siyasat, Ta!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XUjiXdMRgM&list =PL1e1-ep_akxWgv7nzc5gAC2Hn0CoEqVAf&index=4  Left Shoulder Arms from Right Shoulder Arms (Kaliwang Balikat, Ta!/Kanang Balikat,Ta!)  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIred6KqlLU  Port Arms From Order Arms (Baba, Ta!/ Agap, Ta!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DyNsbC_y_CQ&list =PL1e1-ep_akxWgv7nzc5gAC2Hn0CoEqVAf&index=16  Salute at Sling Arms https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MjKDPPMA2Zs&list =PL1e1-ep_akxWgv7nzc5gAC2Hn0CoEqVAf&index=5  Rifle manual (Facing, Present Arms, Order Arms, Port Arms, Parade Rest, Attention, Port Arms, Left Shoulder Arms, Inspection Arms/Harapharapan Drill, Tanghal Ta!, Baba Ta!, Tikas Pahinga!, Humanda!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjLTFjcpkUk