DPI Unit 2_Theory PDF

International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards International Project Management Degree in International Relations Faculty of Law University of Alicante Unit 2. Project Management Methodologies and...

International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards International Project Management Degree in International Relations Faculty of Law University of Alicante Unit 2. Project Management Methodologies and Standards 1  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards Unit 2. Project Management Methodologies and Standards 1. Why use a project management methodology? 2. PMBOK. Project Management Body of Knowledge 3. PRINCE2. Projects in a Controlled Environment 4. Agile and hybrid agile frameworks. Scrum 5. Technology and associate tools 2  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 1. Why use a Project Management methodology? 1. Why use a Project Management Methodology? Methodology is a system of practices, techniques, procedures, and rules used by those who work in a discipline. A Standard is a formal document that describes established norms, methods, processes, and practices. Standards are endorsed by institutes and corporation that ensure their integrity, accuracy and updating. Provide a common vocabulary. (See PMI Lexicon of Project Management Terms) Tailoring. Because each project is unique, the PM may need to tailor the way that Project Integration Management processes are applied. 3  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 1. Why use a Project Management Methodology? Project management standards are “generally recognize” as “good practice”. - “Generally recognize” means the knowledge and practices described are applicable to most projects most of the time and there is consensus about their value and usefulness. - “Good practice” means there is general agreement that the application of the knowledge, skills, tools and techniques can enhance the chances of success over many projects 4  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 1. Why use a Project Management Methodology? Appropriate application of the Project Absence of Project Management Management processes Meet business objectives Missed deadlines Satisfy stakeholder expectations Cost overruns Be more predictable Poor quality Increase chances of success Rework Deliver the right products at the right Uncontrolled expansion of the time project Resolve problems and issues; Loss of reputation for the Respond to risks in a timely manner organization Optimize the use of organizational Unsatisfied stakeholders resources Failure in achieving the objectives Identify, recover, or terminate failing for which the project was projects undertaken. Manage constraints (e.g., scope, quality, schedule, costs, resources); 5  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards Better standards for each life cycle 1. Why use a Project Management Methodology? CICLOS DE VIDA DE LOS PROYECTOS CICLOS DE VIDA DE LOS PROYECTOS High Alto High Entrega Alto Incremental Ágil Entrega FrecuenciaofdeDelivery FrecuenciaofdeDelivery Frequency Frequency Predictivo Iterativo Low Bajo Bajo Low Low Bajo Alto High Bajo Low High Alto Degree of cambio Grado de Change Degree of cambio Grado de Change 6  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 1. Why use a Project Management Methodology? 1983 1996 first certification to test and recognised project management skills 7  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 1. Why use a Project Management Methodology? 1979 1996 8  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 1. Why use a Project Management Methodology? 1979 1996 2008 2016 this is use in the european comission 9  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 1. Why use a Project Management Methodology? 1983 2001 1996 10  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 2. PMBOK. Project Management Body of Knowledge PMBOK® guide is based on The Standard for Project Management, developed by the American Standards Institute (ANSI) and published by the Project Management Institute (PMI) Project Management Institute (PMI) standard and guide are both base on descriptive practices rather than prescriptive practices. The PMBOK® Guide provides more detail about key concepts, emerging trends, considerations for tailoring and information on how tools and techniques are applied to projects. it's in 200 countries in Spain exist 5 chapters 11  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 2. PMBOK. Project Management Body of Knowledge Five Project Management Process Groups The PMBOK® Guide groups processes into five categories: o Initiating Process Group. o Planning Process Group. o Executing Process Group. o Monitoring and controlling Process Group. o Closing Process Group. The nature of interactions among processes varies from project to project and may or may not performed in a particular order. Process Groups are not project phases. 12  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 2. PMBOK. Project Management Body of Knowledge PMBOK Guide. 6th Edition. Processes "entregar" los outputs serán inuest of other processes because projects are linked Every project management process produces one or more outputs from one or more inputs by using appropriate project management tools and techniques. The output can be a deliverable or an outcome. The output of one process generally becomes an input to another process or is a deliverable of the project, subproject, or project phase. 13  International Project Management PMBOK Guide. 6th Edition Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 2. PMBOK. Project Management Body of Knowledge the predictive focuses totally on planning 5 groups of processes 49 Processes 10 Knowledge Areas 14  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 2. PMBOK. Project Management Body of Knowledge 15  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 2. PMBOK. Project Management Body of Knowledge 16  International Project Management Initiating Process Group Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 2. PMBOK. Project Management Body of Knowledge Processes performed to define a new project or a new phase of an existing project by obtaining authorization to start the project or phase. agentes interesados Key purpose: Align the stakeholder’s expectations with the project’s purpose and set the vision of the project and success criteria. 17  International Project Management Planning Process Group Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 2. PMBOK. Project Management Body of Knowledge Processes performed to establish the total scope of the effort, define and refine the objectives, and develop the course of action required to attain those objectives. Key purpose: Delineate the strategy, tactics and course of action to successfully complete the project or phase. 18  International Project Management Executing Process Group Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 2. PMBOK. Project Management Body of Knowledge Processes performed to complete the work defined in the project management plan to satisfy the project specifications. Involves coordinating people and resources, managing stakeholder expectations, as well as integrating and performing the activities of the project. A large portion of the project’s budget will be expended in these processes. 19 is the phase consisting on satisfaying, the project  International Project Management Monitoring and Controlling Process Group Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 2. PMBOK. Project Management Body of Knowledge Processes required to track, review, and orchestrate the progress and performance of the project and identifying any areas in which changes to the plan are required, initiating the corresponding changes or the recommending corrective or preventive action in anticipation of possible problems. 20  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards Closing Process Group 2. PMBOK. Project Management Body of Knowledge Processes performed to conclude all activities across all Project Management Process Groups to formally complete the project, phase, or contractual obligations. Also establish the premature closure of the project: aborted projects, cancelled projects and projects in a critical situation. 21  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards Ten Project Management Knowledge Area 2. PMBOK. Project Management Body of Knowledge with this te aspects you can manage every single thing on a project A Knowledge Area is an identified area of project management defined by its knowledge requirements and described in terms of its component processes, practices, inputs, outputs, tools, and techniques. 22  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 3. PRINCE2. Projects in Controlled Environment 3. PRINCE2. Projects in a Controlled Environment Developed for and used extensively by the UK government, the private sector in the UK and internationally. It is a structured project management method based on experience from the contributions of project sponsors, project managers, project teams, academics, trainers and AXELOS consulting partners. Designed to be generic and not intended to cover every aspects of project management. 23  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards The Structure of PRINCE2 3. PRINCE2. Projects in a Controlled Environment 7 principles, 7 themes, 7 project environment and 7 processes The PRINCE2 method addresses project management with four integrated elements of principles, themes, processes and the project environment. 24  International Project Management Components of PRINCE2 Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 3. PRINCE2. Projects in a Controlled Environment 7 Principles 7 Themes Project 7 Processes environment +40 Activities 25  International Project Management PRINCE2 Principles Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 3. PRINCE2. Projects in a Controlled Environment hay que aplicar los 7 principios sí o sí Principles are the guiding obligations and good practices which determine whether the project is genuinely being managed using PRINCE2. 1. Continued business justification. There must be a justifiable reason for starting the project, that justification must be recorded and approved, and revalidated throughout the life cycle. (Business case). 2. Learn from experience. The characteristic of uniqueness implies that lessons learned must be recorded for future projects. It is a shared responsibility of the team. recopilar las lecciones aprendidas, super importante para gestionar un projecto 3. Defined roles and responsibilities. All projects have the following primary stakeholders: business sponsors, users and suppliers. Projects must have a teams structure where roles and responsibilities and a means for effective communication between them is defined. 26  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards PRINCE2 Principles 3. PRINCE2. Projects in a Controlled Environment 4. Manage by stages. PRINCE2 breaks the project down into sequential sections called stage. A project must have at least three management stages: an initiation stage and at least one further management stage and a final stage. A control point is determined at the end of each stage. The project board only authorizes the next management stage if there is sufficient business justification to continue. there are limits for the project manager 5. Manage by exception. A PRINCE2 project defined permitted tolerances for each Project objective, to establish limits of delegated authority. It is a style of management that focuses on identifying and handling cases that deviate from the norm. It is used by each level in the project to manage the level below. The layer below should only notify the above management layer if there is a big issue that is outside their tolerance. 27  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards PRINCE2 Principles 3. PRINCE2. Projects in a Controlled Environment we have to focus on the outcome 6. Focus on products. Product is an input or output, whether tangible or intangible, that can be described in advance, created and tested. Projects that focus on what the project needs to produce are generally more successful than projects whose primary focus is the work activity. A PRINCE2 project uses product descriptions to provide clarity by defining each product’s purpose, composition, derivation, format, quality criteria and quality method. 7. Tailor to suit the project. PRINCE2 is a universal project management method that can be applied to take account of the project’s environment, size, complexity, importance, team capability and risk, and can be used for any project type, geography or culture. It can be used on any Project because is designed to be tailored to suit each project’s specific needs and context. Tailoring requires the project board and the project manager to make proactive choices and decisions on how PRINCE2 will be applied. 28  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards PRINCE2 Themes 3. PRINCE2. Projects in a Controlled Environment Theme Description Answers the question Business Case How the idea is developed into a viable investment Why? proposition and how project management maintains the focus on the organization’s objectives throughout the project. Organization It describes the roles and responsabilities in the Who? project team Quality How ensure that the product’s requirements are What? delivered Risk How project management manages uncertainty What if? Change How project management assesses and acts upon What is the impact? issues which have a potential impact on any of the baseline aspects of the project Progress The decision-making process for aproving plans, the Where are we now? monitoring of actual performance and the escalation Where are we going? process if events do not go according to plan. Should we carry on? Plans PRINCE2 projects proceed on the basis of a How? How much? series of approved plans. When? 29  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards PRINCE2 Themes 3. PRINCE2. Projects in a Controlled Environment Plans PRINCE2 projects proceed on the basis of a How? How much? series of approved plans. When? In PRINCE2 there are only the following types of plan: project plan, stage plan, team plan and exception plan. 30  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards PRINCE2 Processes 3. PRINCE2. Projects in a Controlled Environment PRINCE2 is a process- based approach for project management. 7 processes which provide the set of activities required to direct, manage and deliver a project successfully. 3 management stages: initiation stage, subsequent stage(s), and the final stage. 31  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards PRINCE2 Processes 3. PRINCE2. Projects in a Controlled Environment PRINCE2 shows their processes and activities process through diagrams and provide them for each activity activity showing the inputs and outputs, including those products that are process created or updated by that activity. event product * symbols used in the process and activity product PRINCE2 diagrams 32 saberse los símbolos  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards PRINCE2 Process Model 3. PRINCE2. Projects in a Controlled Environment 33  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 3. PRINCE2. Projects in a Controlled Environment Each PRINCE2 process comprises a set of activities, which may be run in series or in parallel. PRINCE2 activities comprise a set of recommended actions designed to achieve a particular result. Each activity is concluded by a table showing the responsibilities (P - Producer, R - Reviewer or A-Approver) for each product created or updated during the activity. 34  International Project Management PRINCE2 Processes and activities Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 3. PRINCE2. Projects in a Controlled Environment 1. Starting 2. Directing 3. Initiating 4.Controlling a 5. Managing 6. Managing 7. Closing a Processes Up Stage product a stage project delivery boundary 1.1. Appoint the 2.1. Authorize 3.1. Agree the 4.1. Authorize a 5.1. Accept a work 6.1. Plan the 7.1. Prepare executive and initiation tailoring work package package next planned closure requirements the project 3.2.Prepare the risk 4.2. Review work management manager management package status stage approach 1.2. Capture 2.2. Authorize 3.3 Prepare the 4.3. Receive 5.2. Execute a work 6.2. Update the 7.2. Prepare previous lessons the project change control completed work package Project plan premature close approach 3.4. Prepare the packages. quality management approach Activities 1.3 Design and 2.3. Authorize a 3.5.Prepare the 4.4. Review the 5.3. Deliver a work 6.3. Update the 7.3. Hand over appoint the stage or communication management package business case products management project exception plan approach stage status management 3.6.Set up the 4.5. Report team project controls highlights 1.4. Prepare the 2.4 Give ad hoc 3.7.Create the 4.6.. Capture and 6.4. Report 7.4. Evaluate the outline business direction project plan examine isssues management project case select the and risks stage end project approach 3.8. Refine the business case 4.7. Escalate and assemble the issues and risks project brief 1.5. Plan the 2.5. Authorize 3.9. Assemble the 4.8. Take 6.5. Produce 7.5. Recommend initiation stage project closure project initiation corrective action and exception Project closure 35 documentation plan  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 3. PRINCE2. Projects in a Controlled Environment Example of the activity: Authorize initiation each activity has this diagram 36  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 3. PRINCE2. Projects in a Controlled Environment PRINCE2 vs PMBOK® Guide PRINCE2 does not claim to be as comprehensive as the PMBOK® Guide. PRINCE2 is based on the principles of the PMBOK® Guide. PRINCE2 does not include all the knowledge areas. PMBOK® Guide offers a general approach to integrating the Knowledge Area, while PRINCE2 suggest an effective way to organize them. PRINCE2 focuses on critical areas, so a PM still needs to draw on the full depth and range of the PMBOK® and other sources to complete project management work. 37  International Project Management Unit 2. Project Managemet Methodologies and Standards 3. Agile and hybrid frameworks 3. Agile and hybird agile frameworks. Scrum The environment of high uncertainty and disruptive technologies changed the way of approaching project management. Agile methods is the term which identify a variety of frameworks and methods and share the following lean thinking concepts: Focus on value Small batch sizes Elimination of waste Respect for people Being transparent Adapting to change Reprioritization Regular updated plan Frequent delivery Very short feedback loops Require research and development Have a final goal that is hard to describe or is risky and unknown 38