Dosage Forms PDF

# COMMON ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS & MEDICATION ORDERS | Abbreviations | Meaning | Abbreviations | Meaning | Abbreviations | Meaning | Abbreviations | Meaning | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | A | Before | aa. or ã ã | of each | ABW | Actual Body Weight | C&S | Culture and Sensitivity...

# COMMON ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS & MEDICATION ORDERS | Abbreviations | Meaning | Abbreviations | Meaning | Abbreviations | Meaning | Abbreviations | Meaning | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | A | Before | aa. or ã ã | of each | ABW | Actual Body Weight | C&S | Culture and Sensitivity | | Cc | Cubic centimeter | CCT | Crude coal tar | chart of | Powder or powder paper | chartulae | chart | | GI | gastro-intestinal | gr | Grain | gtt, gtts | drop, drops | d | Day | | disc. Or D.C. | Discontinue | a.c. | Before meals | disp. | Dispense | CHD | Congestive heart disease | | GYN | Gynecology | h or hr. | Hour | HA | Headache | HBP | High blood pressure | | HCT | Hematocrit | HCTZ | Hydrochlorothiazide | HEPA | high efficiency particular air | N&V | nausea and vomiting | | NG | Nasogastric | NF | national formulary | no. or No. | Number | noct. | Night | | a.d. | Right ear | ad lib. | at pleasure, freely | admin. | Administer | DOB | Date of Birth | | CNS | Central nervous system | CHF | Congestive heart failure | | | | | | a.m. | Morning | amp. | Ampule | APAP | Acetaminophen | DPT | Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus | | CPZ | Chlorpromazine | COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | | | | | | aq. | Water | aq.dist | Distilled water | a.s. | Left ear | DS | Double strength | | | | | | | | | | | ASA | Aspirin | ATC | Around the clock | a.u. | Each ear | d.t.d. | Give of such doses | | DX | Diagnose | | | | | | | | b.i.d. | Twice a day | BM | Bowel movement | BMI | Body mass index | DW | Distilled Water | | EC | enteric coated | ECG or EKG | Electrocardiogram | EDTA | Edetate | EENT | ees, ears, nose, throat | | | | | | | | | | | BP | Blood pressure | BS | Blood sugar | BSA | Body surface area | EFAD | essential fatty acid | | deficiency | ID | Intradermal | IM | Intramuscular | INH | Isoniazid | NTG | Nitroglycerin | | BUN | Blood urea nitrogen | BW | Body weight | C | Centigrade | elix. | Elixir | | | | | | | | | | | c. or C | With | Cc | With food or meals | CA | Cancer or cardiac arrest | e.m.p. | as directed | | EPI | Epinephrine | ER | emergency room | et | And | f. or ft. | Make | | | | | | | | | | | FBS | fasting blood sugar | FFA | Free fatty acid | fl. or fld | Fluid | ft. | Make | | | | | | | | | | | garg | Gargle | gor Gm | Gram | | | | | | inj. | Injection | IPPB | Intermittent positive pressure | | | | | | NPO | nothing by mouth | NS | normal saline | 1½ NS | half-strength normal saline | | | | 1&0 | input and output | IU or iu | International unit | IV | Intravenous | OC | oral contraceptive | | | | | | | | | | | OD | Overdose | o.d. | right eye | oint. | Ointment | O.S. | left eye | | | | | | IVP | intravenous push or IV pyelogram | IVPB | intravenous piggyback | L | Liter | q.s. ad | a sufficient quantity to make | | | | | | | | | | | LCD | Coal Tar Solution | M. | Mix | m² or M² | square meter | mcg or mg | Microgram | | MEq | Milliequivalent | Mg | Milligram | MI | myocardial infarction | MMR | measles, mumps, rubella | | | | | | | | | | | MI | Milliliter | MOM | milk of magnesia | mosmol | Milliosmoles | MR | may repeat | | MRX_ | may repeat times | N | Nostril | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | # Dosage Forms ## Solid Dosage Forms ### Powders and Granules - **Oral Powders** - generally supplied as finely divided powder or as effervescent granules. The finely divided powders are intended to be suspended or dissolved in water or mixed with soft food prior administration. - **Effervescent powder** for solution in water releases carbon dioxide which makes for the taste of salty or bitter medication. - **Dentifrices** - may be prepared in the form of bulk powder generally containing soap or detergent, mild abrasive and anticaries effect. - **Douche Powders** - soluble powders intended to be dissolved in water prior to use as antiseptic or cleaning agent for a body cavity. They are most commonly intended for vaginal use. - **Dusting powder** - They are applied locally to various parts of the body as adsorbents, antiseptics, antipruritic, astringents and antiperspirants. - **Insufflations** - finely divided powders introduced into the body cavities such as the ears, nose, throat, tooth sockets, and vagina with the use of insufflator (powder blower). ### Capsules - are dosage forms in which unit doses of powder, semisolid, or liquid drugs are enclosed in a hard or soft, water- soluble container or shell of gelatin. ### Tablets - These are solid dosage forms containing drug substance with or without suitable diluents and are prepared either by compression or molding method. #### Compressed Tablets - **Sugar Coated tablet (SCT)** - tablet coated with a colored or uncolored sugar layer. - **Film-coated Tablet (FCT)** - tablets coated with a thin layer of polymer capable of forming a skin like film. - **Enteric-coated Tablet (ECT)** - is designed to pass unchanged through the stomach to the intestines, where it disintegrates, dissolves & absorbs. - **Multiple Compressed Tablet (MCT)**- made by more than one compression cycle. They are usually prepared to separate physically or chemically incompatible ingredients or to produce repeat or prolong action of drug. - **Controlled-release Tablet (CRT)** - is designed to release the drug's active ingredient gradually over the day. - **Gelatin-coated tablet** - gelcap, a capsule shaped compressed tablet that allows the coated product to be about one-third smaller than a capsule filled with an equivalent amount of powder. - **Buccal tablets** - involves placing the tablet between the gums and the inner lining of the cheek (buccal pouch). - **Sublingual tablets**-involves placing a drug under the tongue to dissolve and absorb into your blood through the tissue there. - **Effervescent Tablet** - contain medicinal substances that dissolve generally when added to water. - **Chewable/tablets** - have a smooth disintegration when chewed or allowed to dissolve in the mouth. - **Immediate release tablet** - are designed to disintegrate and release their medication with no special rate controlling features such as special coating and techniques. #### Molded Tablet - are very soft, and soluble and are designed for rapid dissolution. - **Tablet triturates**- small, cylindrical tablets containing small amounts of potent drugs. - **Dispensing tablets (DT)** - also known as compounding tablets, pharmacist used them to compound prescription. - **Hypodermic tablets (HT)** - used in extemporaneous preparations of parenteral solutions. No longer available. ### Lozenges/Troches/ Pastilles - are discoid shaped solid containing the medicinal agent in suitable flavored base. They are placed in the mouth where they are slowly dissolve. ### Lollipops - are lozenges type of oral solid dosage form with a short stick inserted into it which produces local effect in the mouth. ### Pills - small, round, solid dosage form containing medicinal agents and intended for oral administration. ### Cachets - related to capsules in as much as they provide an edible container for the oral administration of solid drugs. ### Pellets - are small, sterile cylinders formed by compression from medicated masses. ## Semisolid and Transdermal ### Ointments - semi solid preparations intended for external application to the skin/mucous membranes, usually contain medicinal substance. ### Creams - viscous liquid or semi solid emulsions of O/W or W/Q type. O/W type includes shaving creams, hand creams, foundation cream. W/O type creams include cold creams and emollient creams ### Gels - are semisolid systems consisting of dispersion made up of either small inorganic particles or large organic molecules enclosing and interpenetrated by a liquid. ### Transdermal preparations - (transdermal patches) deliver drugs directly through the skin and into the bloodstream ## Inserts ### Suppositories and Inserts - are solid dosage form intended for insertion into body orifices (rectum, vagina, or urethra).