Domestic Violence PDF

Domestic Violence Domestic violence can be defined as 'violence between spouses or family members, mostly occurring within the home'. It can be defined as endangering the life, body, psychological integrity or freedom of an individual within the family by using force or coercion. Purpose...

Domestic Violence Domestic violence can be defined as 'violence between spouses or family members, mostly occurring within the home'. It can be defined as endangering the life, body, psychological integrity or freedom of an individual within the family by using force or coercion. Purposes of Violence Asserting power Venting anger Controlling Punishing Violence is not only a way of behaving, it is also a way of thinking. Violence is a conscious/chosen behavior. There is no state of insanity - insanity is taking responsibility from the perpetrator. Domestic Violence Gender Equality Education (not the wrongly chosen men, but the wrongly raised men) Conflict Resolution Education (violence is not a problem solving method, acceptable problem solving methods) Research from Turkey Altınay and Arat's research with a total of 1800 women from 56 provinces (2007) One in every three women participating in the research is beaten by their husbands One in six men with higher education uses physical violence against their wives. As education level increases, the number of women who say they have been subjected to physical violence decreases. If women bring more income to the family, the risk of beatings increases at least twice Research from Turkey Research on Domestic Violence Against Women in Turkey, 2014 (Interviews with 7462 Women) Women who have been exposed to violence at any time in their lives: Emotional Violence 44% Physical Violence 36% Economic Violence 30% Sexual Violence 12% Stalking 27% Research from Turkey According to the statements made by the Ministry of Justice in 2010, femicide increased by 1400% between 2003 and 2010. Research from Turkey In a study examining newspaper femicide news in 2012, 78.2% of the perpetrators were the woman's husband or ex-husband (Çilingiroğlu and Paksoy, 2016). As a result of examining the news about femicide published in a newspaper between 2011 and 2014, this rate is 54% ( Yegen , 2014). 30% of women are exposed to threats, intimidation, physical and sexual violence before being killed (Toprak and Ersoy, 2017) Research from Turkey Women killed by their husbands or ex-husbands: 45% jealousy, infidelity, honor 23.8% separation/divorce 21.3% were killed due to conflicts. (Toprak and Ersoy, 2017) Types of Domestic Violence Physical Violence: Slapping Hitting/Punching Pushing Hair-pulling Reckless driving Grabbing Biting Hitting with objects Arm-twisting Types of Domestic Violence Physical Violence: Pinching Physical restraint Shoving Burning Kicking Use of weapons* Strangulation* Types of Domestic Violence Sexual Violence: Any unwanted touching, unsafe or forced sexual activity Forcing the victim to perform sexual acts Forced sex work Painful or degrading acts during intercourse without consent Date rape or marital rape Taking unwanted sexual photos and/or videos Types of Domestic Violence Emotional Violence: Insulting, cursing, shouting Threatening or intimidating Name calling, making fun humiliation, commanding Comparison and criticism Resentment – form of punishment Blaming Types of Domestic Violence Emotional Violence: Confusing, causing a person to question their own reality Manipulation and exploitation of emotional needs (to feel safe/belong/loved) Emphasis on strengths, devaluing them The woman is blamed for the violence experienced, the woman tries to change herself to stop the violence - the woman buys the story, feeling of guilt and shame-victim blaming The unreal is considered real. Types of Domestic Violence Social Violence: Forbidding from leaving the house Forbidding to see his relatives and friends humiliation, humiliation in front of others over-controlling Extreme Jealousy Types of Domestic Violence Social Violence: Isolating– to isolate from resources It starts slowly - it is presented in a romantic way: You and I are enough for each other, They are jealous of us, the evil eye touches us Controlling- Where are you going? The woman does not tell anyone what she experienced, the need for a witness is important, there is no one left who can make her question the truth that was committed or imposed on her. Types of Domestic Violence Economic Violence: Stealing money Demanding paychecks Forbidding employment or the search for a job Preventing the partner from attending school Making the partner beg for money for necessary items  Types of Domestic Violence Economic Violence: Giving an allowance Stealing or destroying personal belongings Refusing to pay court-ordered child or spousal support Identity theft Credit card fraud Types of Domestic Violence Stalking: It is a type of violence that occurs by deliberately and persistently pursuing and harassing a person without their consent. The person fears for his own safety. There is threatening behavior. Domestic Violence (Ayşe Paşalı)  Domestic Violence (Ayşe Paşalı) Ayşe Paşalı was 42 years old when she died. Five years before his death, she filed for divorce from Yetkin, but gave up when family elders intervened. In 2009, Yetkin beat and raped his wife. He was released after he said "I love my wife very much, I regret it" in the court where he was accused of "sexual assault". Paşalı and Yetkin divorced in June 2010. Two months before the murder, Yetkin kidnapped Paşalı at knifepoint and said that he would kill him if he did not agree to make peace; A few days later, he raided his house with two of his friends and repeated his threats. Domestic Violence (Ayşe Paşalı) Although Paşalı filed a criminal complaint with the prosecutor's office, the prosecutor's office did not take Yetkin into custody, but sent Paşalı home in a police car. Paşalı applied to the Family Court and requested a "protection order" in accordance with the Family Protection Law No. 4320. The court rejected it on the grounds that there was no marital union between them. İstikbal Yetkin killed Ayşe Paşalı by stabbing her 11 times on December 7. Domestic Violence 98% applied from men to women The executor is also the father, the person who takes care of the household financially The practitioner knows where family members are and what they are doing. There are many opportunities for threats, attacks and psychological pressure. Domestic Violence: Common Misconceptions Domestic violence is not as common as it seems. Domestic violence is only violence when it is physical. Domestic violence only happens in poor families. If the victim does not want/accept violence, he/she leaves his/her home. Anger cannot be controlled and leads to violence. The cause of domestic violence is alcohol. Heise (1998) Ecological Model Research on the causes of violence against women is often based on the Ecological Model proposed by Heise (1998). in the first category, ' Society' , consist of social norms where violence is an effective form of conflict resolution and male control over women is tolerated. Risk factors in the 'Community' category are; Poverty, low socioeconomic status, women's lack of social support and being away from their family. Heise (1998) Ecological Model Risk factors at the 'relationship' level are explained by the man's ability to make decisions on many issues concerning the family, the man's control of the money, and the inability to resolve family conflicts in healthy ways. Finally, risk factors at the 'Individual' level are; Situations such as witnessing violence in one's own family, alcohol abuse, being abused as a child, not having a father figure at all, or not being able to establish a warm relationship with him even if he does exist. Cycle of Violence The first stage is the tension-building stage. It's like the calm before the storm. Both sides are aware of the tension. The second stage is explosion stage. It may be physical, emotional or sexual violence. There's nothing the woman can do to stop this. She can only protect herself and her children, if any. The third phase is the honeymoon phase. The calm before the storm is over, all the energy is released with the storm, then a period of calm and calm comes. Cycle of Violence Cycle of Violence Four Stages of Battered Women's Syndrome Denial: The woman refuses to admit–even to herself–that she has been beaten or that there is a “problem” in her marriage. She may call each incident an “accident”. She offers excuses for her husband’s violence and each time firmly believes it will never happen again. Guilt:She now acknowledges there is a problem, but considers herself responsible for it. She “deserves” to be beaten, she feels, because she has defects in her character and is not living up to her husband’s expectations. Four Stages of Battered Women's Syndrome Enlightenment: The woman no longer assumes responsibility for her husband’s abusive treatment, recognizing that no one “deserves” to be beaten. She is still committed to her marriage, though, and stays with her husband, hoping they can work things out. Responsibility: Accepting the fact that her husband will not, or can not, stop his violent behavior, the battered woman decides she will no longer submit to it and starts a new life. Why Do Women Stay ? threats to harm the victim, loved ones or pets Threats of suicide Believing the abuser will take their children Religious reasons Believing the abuser will change Self-blame, low self-esteem Limited financial options Believing that violence is normal Believing in the sanctity of marriage and the family Limited housing options Blaming the abuse on alcohol, financial pressures, or other outside factors Why Do Women Stay in Relationships? Fear of the unknown, of change Isolation Embarrassment and shame Believing no one can help Cultural beliefs Denial Pressure from friends and family to stay Economic dependence She still loves him  Before 6284, Law No. 4320 on the Protection of the Family was in effect. Law No. 4320 had the following handicap ; This law only protected married women. The ECHR- Opuz decision and the Paşalı murder underlined the deficiency in the law. The most important feature of Law No. 6284; It provides protection to the person requesting protection based solely on the person's statement, without seeking evidence. Important: The World Health Organization states that in cases where a woman plans to break up with her aggressive partner, it is very dangerous and critical to express this decision openly in front of her partner. Women should express their decision to break up by leaving the house when the aggressive partner is not around, leaving a note or calling them later. Men who use violence feel serious anger when they hear about women's decision to break up. Important: Safety at Home Learn where to get help; memorize emergency phone numbers Keep a phone in a room you can lock from the inside; if you can, get a cellular phone that you keep with you at all times If the abuser has moved out, change the locks on your door; get locks on the windows Plan an escape route out of your home; teach it to your children Think about where you would go if you need to escape Ask your neighbors to call the police if they see the abuser at your house; make a signal for them to call the police Important: Safety at Home Pack a bag with important things you’d need if you had to leave quickly; put it in a safe place, or give it to a friend or relative you trust. Include cash, car keys & important information such as: court papers, passport or birth certificates, identity cards Important: Safety in an Emergency If you are at home & you are being threatened or attacked: Stay away from the kitchen (the abuser can find weapons, like knives, there) Stay away from bathrooms, closets or other small spaces where the abuser can trap you Get to a room with a door or window to escape Get to a room with a phone to call for help; lock the abuser outside if you can Call your emergency contact right away for help Important: Safety in an Emergency If you are at home & you are being threatened or attacked: Think about a neighbor or friend you can run to for help If a police officer comes, tell them what happened Get medical help if you are hurt Take pictures of bruises or injuries Law No 6284 You may be suffering violence from your spouse by religious or official/ civil marriage, divorced spouse, father, brother, uncle, cousin, fiancé, son, ex-boyfriend, current boyfriend, father-in-law, brother-in- law – in short men in your immediate circle or a perfect stranger. Law No 6284 provides vital means to protect you from this violence and prevent perpetrators of violence. This Law regulates the measures to be taken to protect women, children, family members and stalking victims subjected to or at the risk of violence, and to prevent any violence from being directed against them. Rights under Law No 6284 You may request shelter. You may request Temporary (Close) Protection. You may request the offender to be barred from entering your shared home and prevented from approaching you. You may have your address concealed. You may request your identity and other relevant information to be changed. Rights under Law No 6284 You may request to have the perpetrator surrender his firearms to the police. You may request temporary custody and temporary alimony. Supporting the survivor: Allow them to tell their story without judgment Believe them – too often, people disbelieve or question those who disclose their experience with abuse Be sensitive to their feelings – individuals in abusive relationships may be experiencing a variety of complex emotions, including love for their abusive partner, a hatred of the violence that partner inflicts, and fear that their partner may retaliate or hurt them in some way if they disclose the abuse. Inform them of available resources, including Morçatı; Kades Allow them to make their own decisions. Nobody understands a relationship better than the person in that relationship. When we care about someone who’s being hurt, it’s tempting to try and take control by telling the person what they should do and where they should go. Instead, we want to empower individuals experiencing abuse to make the safest decisions possible in their relationship – regardless if it’s the choice that you think you would make. Supporting the survivor: Be patient. The person in the relationship gets to determine the pace at which they discuss the abuse they’re experiencing and when to take action. Stay present in their lives. Oftentimes, individuals in abusive relationships are isolated from their friends and family, which makes it harder to reach out for support if needed. Remind them that no matter what, you are here for them if they need someone to talk to.