Doing-Philosophy.pdf

Presentation by Ms. Jellie F. Cinco Introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person | 2024 Doing Philosophy What I Know (Diagnostic) 02 1. Why is Greece considered as the birthplace of philosophy? a. It was the center of religious activities. b. It played a signi...

Presentation by Ms. Jellie F. Cinco Introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person | 2024 Doing Philosophy What I Know (Diagnostic) 02 1. Why is Greece considered as the birthplace of philosophy? a. It was the center of religious activities. b. It played a significant role in ancient trade. c. It advocated for the life of reason and rational thought. d. It led to the birth of democracy What I Know (Diagnostic) 02 2. How important is Pythagoras to philosophy? a. He coined the word philosophy first c. He wrote the book Politics b. He founded logic d. He was the first philosopher What I Know (Diagnostic) 02 3. Which of the following supports the idea that philosophy aims at developing good judgment? a. The art of questioning c. First cause b. Big picture d. love of wisdom What I Know (Diagnostic) 02 3. Which of the following supports the idea that philosophy aims at developing good judgment? a. The art of questioning c. First cause b. Big picture d. love of wisdom Activity 1 Have you experienced being called “pilosopo” by someone? What comes to mind when you hear this word? Does it make you happy and proud or sad and dismay? Activity 1 What comes to your mind when you hear the word Philosophy? Activity 1 Why do we need to study philosophy?  Philosophy Etymologically, the word “philosophy” comes from two Greek words, philo meaning “to love” and sophia, meaning “wisdom.” Philosophy originally meant, “love of wisdom” and in a broad sense, wisdom is still the goal of philosophy. Philosophy is also defined as the science that by the natural light of reason studies the first causes or highest principles of all things.  Science 02 It is called science because the investigation is systematic. It follows certain steps or employs certain procedures. In other words, it is an organized body of knowledge just like any other science.  Natural Light of Reason. Philosophy investigates things, not by using any other laboratory instrument or investigative tools, neither on the basis of supernatural revelation, otherwise, it becomes theology; instead, the philosopher uses his natural capacity to think or simply, human reason alone or the so-called unaided reason.  Study of all Things. This sets the distinction between philosophies from other sciences. All other sciences concern themselves with a particular object of investigation.  Study of all Things. For example, anthropologists study human beings in relation to society; sociologists study society, its form, structures, and functions; theologians investigate God; whereas, a philosopher studies human beings, society, religion, language, God, and plants, among other concerns.  First Cause or the Highest Principle A principle is that from which something proceeds in any manner whatsoever. ·Principle of Identity- whatever is; and whatever is not; everything is what it is. Everything is its own being, and not being is not being.  First Cause or the Highest Principle ·Principle of Noncontradiction- it is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time and at the same respect.  First Cause or the Highest Principle ·Principle of Excluded Middle- a thing is either is or not; not everything must be either be or not be; between being and not-being, there is no middle ground possible. Principle of Identity 02 whatever is; and whatever is not; everything is what it is. Everything is its own being, and not being is not being. Principle of Noncontradiction It is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time and at the same respect. Principle of Excluded Middle a thing is either is or not; not everything must be either be or not be; between being and not-being, there is no middle ground possible. Principle of Sufficient Reason nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence. What are the branches of Philosophy? 01 METAPHYSICS 03 ETHICS 02 EPISTEMOLOGY 04 AESTHETICS Metaphysics The study of reality. Metaphysics is really only an extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know what is real. Metaphysics Subpart of metaphysics ·Ontology ·Cosmology ·Theodicy ·Psychology  Ontology this is the philosophical exploration for what reality is in the final analysis. It's like creating a structured map of concepts and their relationships to help understand and communicate about that subject.  Cosmology metaphysical science which studies the nature of the world. (How is the world related to human beings? Is the world created or has it been existing from all eternity.)  Theodicy a philosophical study of God. (Does God exist? What is the proof of God’s existence? What is the problem of evil?)  Psychology studies of man’s nature as being endowed with reason and intellect.  Epistemology Epistemology studies the process of attaining knowledge. It answers the question,‘How do we know?”. Among the biggest concerns of epistemology are the origin and the verification or the confirmation of knowledge. It is also concerned with how the human person’s mind is associated with reality; and whether these relationships are valid or invalid  Ethics It is generally a study of the nature of moral judgments. Philosophical ethics attempts to provide an account of our fundamental ethical ideas.  Aesthetic Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that delves into art(Landauer and Rowlands2001,para. 1). The study includes what art is and the purpose behind it. The philosopher is concerned with the analysis of aesthetic experience and the idea of what is beautiful. It attempts to answer questions like “is art subjective?”  How is holistic different from partial thinking Holistic Thinking Partial Thinking Holistic thinking advocates On the contrary, partial thinking looking at the “big picture” when adheres focusing on one factor analyzing s situation or problem. in analyzing a situation or a This would require one to be open-minded to get the general problem to understand it. This sense or impression regarding an kind of view is very limiting in event. In this regard, therefore, all nature. aspects in a given situation must be considered. Greek Philosophers SOCRATES Famous for creating the Socratic Method of Teaching or the Socratic Method Socratic Method is a teaching method where a person digs deeper into a particilar idea Socratic Method is done by a by means of creqating and minimum of two pqrticipants using follow up questions, the one who requires (students) which will eventually lead to and the pone who intrigues the truth of the matter (teacher)  PLATO DUALISTIC nature: body–material, ergo, mutable and destructible; Soul – immaterial, ergo immutable and indestructible. Three components of the soul Socratic Method is done by a Rational soul – mind, and intellect minimum of two pqrticipants Spirited soul – will or volition the one who requires (students) Appetitive soul – emotion or desire and the pone who intrigues (teacher) ARISTOTLE No dichotomy between body and soul. Plato's best student Known as a peripatetic philosopher ▪ A peripatetic [Gk. peripateo = "to walk around"] philosopher is someone who lectures while taking a stroll. PYTHAGORAS Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher who made important developments in mathematics, astronomy, and the theory of music. The theorem now known as Pythagoras's theorem was known to the Babylonians 1000 years earlier but he may have been the first to prove it.  THALES A Greek Philosopher, everything is water. He claims that everything we experience For example Clouds or is water- which we call “reality.” the blocks of ice do not Everything else is look like water, but they “appearance.” can be explained in terms We then set out to try to explain of water. When water everything else (appearance) in evaporates, it becomes a terms of water (reality).. cloud, and when water freezes, it becomes ice. Why does philosophy value questioning? Why we Need Philosophy? Philosophy plays an important role in one’s life. Students who learn philosophy get a great many benefits from doing so. Here some practical uses that one can get if he ventures in this undertaking: 1. Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical analysis and interpretation of concepts definitions, arguments, and problems. 2. Philosophy also improves problem- solving and decision making.  3. A philosopher is a wise communicator who can clear and adequately present his or her ideas. 4. Wisdom is one intended product of philosophizing, and this refers to a person’s ability to apply knowledge to daily life, particularly in making sound choices and judgment. 5. Finally, knowledge of philosophy can contribute to self- development Thank You So Much!