Modern Scientific Method Lecture Notes PDF
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Uploaded by CleanMoldavite273
Government College University Faisalabad
Zainab Mahmood
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Summary
These lecture notes cover different types of pollution (air, water, soil, and plastic) and their management strategies. The notes detail causes, effects, and control measures for each type of pollution.
Full Transcript
Modern Scientific Method CHAPTER 3 LECTURE 2 Pollution Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. These harmful materials are called pollutants. TYPES AIR POLLUTION WATER POLLUTION SOIL POLLUTION PLATIC POLLUTION Air pollution Air poll...
Modern Scientific Method CHAPTER 3 LECTURE 2 Pollution Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. These harmful materials are called pollutants. TYPES AIR POLLUTION WATER POLLUTION SOIL POLLUTION PLATIC POLLUTION Air pollution Air pollution involves the presence of harmful substances in the air often emitted from human activities like industrial processes and vehicle exhaust. Common pollutants include particular matter nitrogen oxides sulphar dioxide and ozone. Air pollutants are further divided into two types PRIMARY POLUTANTS SECONDRY POLUTANTS Primary pollutant: Have a direct effect on the environment and organisms and have an indirect effect by being involved in the formation of secondary pollutants. Can be controlled by controlling man made activities causing pollution. For example Particulate matter like aerosols, soot, dust, etc Hydrocarbons HCs. Sulphur dioxide Nitrogen oxide Carbon monoxide CO Secondary pollutants Highly reactive when photochemical agents are involved in their formation. These are difficult to control, because understanding the reactions involved in secondary pollutants formation is difficult. For example Acid rain Photochemical smog Peroxyacetyl nitrate PAN WATER POLLUTION: When harmful toxic material are mixed up with water. Causes: Effluent of factories Water from sewerage Throwing garbage into water Oil spillage Volcanoes Effects: Damage crops Death of aquatic Animals Fertilizers Acid rain Control: Save water Throw garbage in Garbage box Chemical, oil,& medicine not throw in water Planting the tree Plastic pollution Plastic pollution is the addition of plastic waste to the landscape and waterways. It is caused by manufactured plastics are not properly disposed of. Plastic pollution is choking our oceans by making plastic gyres , entangling marine animals poisoning our food and water supply. SOIL POLLUTION: When those substance add in soil that change the physical, chemical or biological properties of soil and reduce productivity of soil is called soil pollution. Cause: Industrial activity Agricultural Accidental oil spill Biological agent Effect: Reduce soil fertility Plant growth Decrease Damage for human health Effect on ecosystem Control: Growth trees No use chemical fertilizers Use natural fertilizers Public awareness Management and prevention of pollution Pollution prevention is any practice that reduces, eliminates, or prevents pollution at it’s source. Decision making starts with selection and purchase of preferable types and quantities of materials, and continues through to the identification and implementation of suitable waste management practices. Reduction of the volume and toxicity of our inputs and efficiency in the management of our outputs benefit staff, the institution and the environment. Efficient usage of natural resources Replace hazardous substance with less harmful one Recycle, reduce, reuse Car pooling Promotion of public transport No smoking Saving energy use wind, solar energy Industrial waste should be properly treated by physical, chemical & biological method
